Fig 1 - uploaded by Ina Alsina
Content may be subject to copyright.
![Content of vitamin C in tomatoes depending on the stage of ripening The mean values for ascorbic acid observed in this research showed that the stage of maturation had a significant influence. The variety Mathew in the green stage of ripening presented the highest content of vitamin C (14.3 ± 1.1) with significant differences from the concentrations of the Sunstream (3.3 ± 0.5) and the Sakura (6.73 ± 0.35) varieties. The obtained results showed that the content of vitamin C was highest at the pink stage independently of variety – on average 20.96 mg 100 g-1 , but the variety Sunstream showed the largest increase in vitamin C content comparing green and breakers stages (from 3.3 to 16.3 mg 100 g-1 ). The values found in this study were similar to or slightly higher than the ones reported by other researchers [13, 15, 17, 18]. The colour of tomatoes is an important quality parameter for consumer. The synthesis of pigments in tomatoes is related to the ripening, and the red color of tomatoes results from the accumulation of lycopene [19]. Therefore, the content of lycopene has been suggested as a good indicator of the level of ripening. Lycopene is considered to be the predominant carotenoid of tomato fruit (80–90 %), followed by β-carotene (5–10 %) [20]. Data in Fig. 2 present the content of lycopene in the analyzed tomato varieties Sakura and Sunstream. The content of lycopene in the Mathew tomato variety was within the range of 0.007 to 0.98 mg 100 g-1 due to the yellow or orange colour of tomato fruits.](profile/Ina-Alsina/publication/283776075/figure/fig1/AS:502206744850432@1496746826352/Content-of-vitamin-C-in-tomatoes-depending-on-the-stage-of-ripening-The-mean-values-for.png)
Content of vitamin C in tomatoes depending on the stage of ripening The mean values for ascorbic acid observed in this research showed that the stage of maturation had a significant influence. The variety Mathew in the green stage of ripening presented the highest content of vitamin C (14.3 ± 1.1) with significant differences from the concentrations of the Sunstream (3.3 ± 0.5) and the Sakura (6.73 ± 0.35) varieties. The obtained results showed that the content of vitamin C was highest at the pink stage independently of variety – on average 20.96 mg 100 g-1 , but the variety Sunstream showed the largest increase in vitamin C content comparing green and breakers stages (from 3.3 to 16.3 mg 100 g-1 ). The values found in this study were similar to or slightly higher than the ones reported by other researchers [13, 15, 17, 18]. The colour of tomatoes is an important quality parameter for consumer. The synthesis of pigments in tomatoes is related to the ripening, and the red color of tomatoes results from the accumulation of lycopene [19]. Therefore, the content of lycopene has been suggested as a good indicator of the level of ripening. Lycopene is considered to be the predominant carotenoid of tomato fruit (80–90 %), followed by β-carotene (5–10 %) [20]. Data in Fig. 2 present the content of lycopene in the analyzed tomato varieties Sakura and Sunstream. The content of lycopene in the Mathew tomato variety was within the range of 0.007 to 0.98 mg 100 g-1 due to the yellow or orange colour of tomato fruits.
Source publication
Tomatoes are well-known vegetables, grown and eaten around the world due to their nutritional benefits. The aim of this research was to determine the chemical composition (dry matter, soluble solids, titritable acidity, vitamin C, lycopene), the taste index and maturity in three cherry tomato varieties (Sakura, Sunstream, Mathew) grown and collecte...
Similar publications
Tomato is one of the high commercial value crops in India. The crop requires a balanced fertilizer management without which growth and development of the crop will be impaired leading to substantial reduction not only in yield but also in the market appeal of the produce namely the yield and economics of the tomato. The present experiment was carri...
Diabetic subjects are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis, the common soil of most of the cardiovascular complications, is more prevalent and extensive in this population due not only to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, but also to inflammation and oxidative stress. Lycopenes are bioactive compounds with...
Background:
Glaucoma is currently the leading cause of irreversible blindness; it is a neuropathy characterized by structural alterations of the optic nerve, leading to visual impairments. The aim of this work is to develop a new oral formulation able to counteract the early changes connected to glaucomatous degeneration. The composition is based...
Although autocatalytic ethylene biosynthesis plays an important role in the ripening of climacteric fruits, our knowledge of the network that promotes autocatalytic ethylene biosynthesis remains limited. We identified white fruit (wf), a tomato mutant that produces immature fruit that are white and that ripen slowly. We found that an inversion on c...
Most dyes used in the food industry are synthetic and can be a health hazard. Red tomato may serve as a natural alternative dye to replace synthetic colorants. This study aimed to review the literature on the addition of red tomato products (powder tomato, paste, freeze-dried, tomato peel powder, tomato pomace) to reduce the usage of synthetic dyes...
Citations
... The tomatoes colour is the most important maturity and quality index. The green colour of uncooked tomatoes is due to the presence of chlorophyll, but during maturation degradation of this pigment occurs, and the synthesis of yellow pigments such as β-carotene and xanthophylls, and red colour is due to lycopene presence (Duma et al., 2015). The carotenoids indirectly affect flavour as precursors of aromatic compounds, while chlorophylls contribute to sugar production through the process of photosynthesis (Aono et al., 2021). ...
... The recorded values are comparable to those obtained by Duma et al. (2015) and Tudor-Radu et al. (2016) according to the harvesting phase. Oliveira et al. (2013) report 57% higher soluble solids content at full maturity in organically obtained tomato fruits. ...
... These rising values are also observed in Sacher F1, Cemile F1 and Lorely F1 hybrids. Comparing maturity increases on maturation stages, the recorded values are similar to those documented by Duma et al. (2015). The taste of the fruit is an indicator that changes depending on cultivation technology, varietal characteristics of genotypes, as well as the degree of ripeness of the fruit. ...
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are the most cultivated and consumed vegetable species in the world and deserve special attention due to their nutritional and functional value. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional value of organically grown tomatoes in greenhouses, at different maturity phases. Five hybrids were studied: Antalya F1, Cemile F1, Lorely F1, Tiger F1 and Sacher F1. The observed parameters in each harvest phase were: Content of chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoids, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and titratable acidity (TA). Taking into account the content of TSS and TA, taste and maturity index was established. Tiger F1, Sacher F1 and Cemile F1 hybrids were significantly standing out for all analysed parameters. Sacher F1 had a carotene content of 10.3 mg 100 g-1 FW in green fruit and 17.0 mg 100 g-1 FW in red fruit. Vitamin C was 6.2 mg 100 g-1 FW in green fruits, increasing to 16.0 mg 100 g-1 FW in red fruits. The mineral content depended on the hybrid and harvest stage. In the rose phase the highest K content was in Cemile F1 (151.53 mg 100-1 g), Ca in Lorely F1 (8.16 mg 100 g-1), Mg in Sacher F1 and Tiger F1 with values over 22.0 mg 100 g-1 , and Tiger F1 and Sacher F1 distinguish in Zn, Cu and Fe content. In the red fruit phase, Tiger F1 and Sacher F1 hybrids are representative for almost all minerals excepting Lorely F1 and Cemile F1.
... The tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicon L.) , belongs to the nightshade family and originates from the Andean region, comprising Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, however, it is appreciated on all continents (CAMARGO et al., 2006). It has interesting nutritional characteristics, such as low caloric value and source of antioxidants such as lycopene and rich in vitamins A, B and C and the mineral salts potassium, iron and phosphorus (Duma et al., 2015). As well as stands out as sen do a fruit characterized as the most consumed vegetable around the globe. ...
Temos o prazer de lançar o SEGUNDO livro internacional voltado a área do desenvolvimento do ano de 2023, que tem como título Development and its applications in scientific knowledge , essa obra é editada pela Seven Publicações Ltda, tendo a composição de diversos capítulos voltados ao desenvolvimento e disseminação do conhecimento nas diversas áreas do desenvolvimento.
... O tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicon L.), pertence à família das solanáceas e é originário da região andina, compreendendo Peru, Bolívia e Equador, no entanto, é apreciado em todos os continentes (CAMARGO et al., 2006). Possui características nutricionais interessantes, como baixo valor calórico e fonte de antioxidantes como licopeno e rico em vitaminas A, B e C e dos sais minerais potássio, ferro e fósforo (Duma et al., 2015). Bem como se destaca como sendo um fruta caracterizada como hortaliça mais consumida em todo o globo. ...
Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem sobre o uso de controle biológico aplicando a ação de bactérias contra Corynespora cassiicola (Bert & Curt) Wei pois este é um dos principais fitopatógenos de propagação aérea que limita a produtividade das solanáceas. A utilização de bactérias no controle de doenças em solanáceas é uma metodologia em difusão, pois o biocontrole de fitopatógenos realizado por bactérias pode ocorrer por diferentes mecanismos como a inibição por antibióticos, o parasitismo, a competição pelo espaço físico ou a indução de resistência da planta ao ataque de patógenos. Esta pesquisa visou selecionar, identificar e avaliar in vitro e in planta bactérias antagonistas com potencial para desenvolvimento de um bioproduto que contribua para o desenvolvimento agrícola sustentável de tomate. As coletas e os testes in planta foram realizadas na Estação Experimental de Hortaliças Dr. Alejo von Der Pahlen, KM 14 da estrada AM 010 (S: 02° 59’ 45,7” e W: 60° 01’ 22,3”). Os testes in vitro foram realizados na Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental. Os resultados indicam que o Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, apresentou 75,73% de inibição do C. cassiicola in vitro e 56% de controle da mancha-alvo quando comparado ao Microbacterium resistens e a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia nos testes em tomateiro.
... It is known that Brix, β-carotene, lycopene, and vitamin C contents increase, and the GABA content decreases, as tomato ripens and turns from green to red [14,30,31]. The BAR is higher in mature fruits than in immature fruits [32]. ...
Tomato is a widely distributed, cultivated, and commercialized vegetable crop. It contains antioxidant constituents including lycopene, tocopherols, vitamin C, γ-aminobutyric acid, phenols, and flavonoids. This study determined the contents of the antioxidant components and activities of the pulp with skin of ten regular, six medium-sized, and two small cherry tomato cultivars at red ripe (BR + 10) stage cultivated in Korea. The relationships among the Hunter color coordinates, the content of each component, and antioxidant activities were measured by Pearson’s correlation coefficients. As the a* value increased, the carotenoid and vitamin C contents increased, while the L* value, hue angle and tocopherol content decreased. As the b* value increased, the lycopene and total carotenoid contents decreased, and the flavonoid content in the hydrophilic extracts increased. The contents of vitamin C and total carotenoids including lycopene showed high positive correlations with the DPPH radical scavenging activities of both the lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts. Tocopherols and total phenolics in the hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts were not major positive contributors to the antioxidant activity. These findings suggest the quality standards for consumer requirements and inputs for on-going research for the development of better breeds.
... The contents of mineral elements in tomato leaves (Table 5) indicate nutrient availability in different agronomic practices [32,33]. In the present study, the major nutrients were not greatly affected by any of the treatments. ...
The challenge of sustainable agriculture is to increase yields and obtain higher quality products. Increased antioxidant compounds such as polyphenols in harvest products may be an added value for sustainable agriculture. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether three organic fertilization treatments with different levels of carbon and nitrogen, i.e., N-rich, N-rich+C, and N-poor+C, affected the phenolic content of different tomato varieties. The examined parameters were productivity, plant nutritional status, δ13C, and tomato phenolic content as an indication of the antioxidant capacity. The best production was obtained with ‘Cornabel’, a high-yielding Pebroter variety. The total phenolic content was highest in the traditional ‘Cuban Pepper’ variety regardless of treatment, while naringenin levels were high in all the Pebroter varieties. In N-poor+C fertilized plants, a lower N-NO3 content in leaves was correlated with higher levels of total polyphenols in the fruit. The high-water stress suffered by Montserrat varieties coincided with a low total phenolic content in the tomatoes. In conclusion, organic fertilization with reduced N did not influence the tomato yield but positively affected phenolic compound levels in varieties less sensitive to water stress.
... Quality and biochemical composition of fruits mainly depend on the cultivar, agronomic practices, and the stage of maturity of the fruit (Duma et al., 2015). Among agronomic practices, plant nutrition plays a pivotal role in tomato yield and quality (Wang and Xing, 2017). ...
... This response can be attributed to a "dilution effect" of TSS, since a higher supply of N and water causes greater growth of the fruit, with the consequent dilution of solids. Desirable values of TSS in tomato fruits are between 4 and 9 % (Duma et al., 2015) for fresh consumption or for the processing industry. In this study, TSS values were within this range. ...
Fruit quality is significantly affected by the nutrient status of plants; nonetheless, it has not yet been deeply explored how nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) supply affects tomato fruit quality between clusters during the vegetative and reproductive stages of the crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of N and K on fruit quality parameters of three clusters of hydroponically grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Nitrogen (10, 12, 14 and 16 molc N m-3) was evaluated at the vegetative stage, and potassium (5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 molc K m-3) at the reproductive stage. The evaluated N and K concentrations showed significant main effects on the quality attributes total soluble solids, citric acid percentage, reducing sugars, color and lycopene concentration; yield was affected only by K, while the effects of N × K interaction were not significant. Increasing N concentrations from 10 to 16 molc m-3 enhanced hue angle, brightness, reducing sugars and citric acid percentage, but decreased total soluble solids and lycopene. As K increased from 5 to 13 molc m-3 in the nutrient solution, total soluble solids, citric acid, reducing sugars, lycopene, yield and fruit brightness increased, but hue decreased. Total soluble solids, reducing sugars and lycopene gradually increased from the first to the fifth cluster, while yield, color attributes of hue and brightness tended to decrease as the crop cycle progressed. Titratable acidity percentage showed no clear trends between clusters. It is concluded that N and K differentially affect tomato quality between clusters.
... This difference may be due to distinct nutritional profiles between unripe and ripe fruit. Sugar concentration, among other nutrients, may be higher in ripe tomato fruit [35,36], so it is possible that mirids may obtain more nutritional value per feeding puncture on ripe fruit than on green ones. On green fruit, the main effect was the presence of prey, which reduced fruit damage. ...
Despite their importance as biological control agents, zoophytophagous dicyphine mirids can produce economically important damage. We evaluated the phytophagy and potential impact on tomato plants of Dicyphus cerastii and Nesidiocoris tenuis. We developed a study in three parts: (i) a semi-field trial to characterize the type of plant damage produced by these species on caged tomato plants; (ii) a laboratory experiment to assess the effect of fruit ripeness, mirid age, and prey availability on feeding injuries on fruit; and (iii) a laboratory assay to compare the position of both species on either fruit or plants, over time. Both species produced plant damage, however, although both species produced scar punctures on leaves and necrotic patches on petioles, only N. tenuis produced necrotic rings. Both species caused flower abortion at a similar level. Overall, N. tenuis females produced more damage to tomato fruit than D. cerastii. There was an increased frequency of D. cerastii females found on the plants over time, which did not happen with N. tenuis. Our results suggested that, although D. cerastii caused less damage to fruit than N. tenuis, it still fed on them and could cause floral abortion, which requires field evaluation and caution in its use in biological control strategies.
... The mineral elements are not synthesized in the plant but are absorbed from the soil by the root of the plant. The content of minerals in tomato tissues is changed during the plant's growth wherein the most significant changes occur in the days after the fruit initiation [13]. However, the concentration of minerals remains unchanged during the final stages of crop development [7]. ...
The identification of agricultural food production systems has gained importance in order to protect both human health and the environment. The importance of organic production system of agriculture which involves the application of natural processes and substances, and limits or completely eliminates the use of synthesized means is emphasized. Knowledge of the mineral composition in tomato samples can be used as a potent tool in the identification of chemical markers as potential indicators of the farming system. A set of tomato samples taken from two factorial randomized trials were comprehended eight different varieties, belonging to four tomato types: large—BEEF and CLUSTER, and mini and midi—CHERRY and PLUM tomatoes, cultivated under two different farming systems: integral (IPM) and organic (O) were characterized based on the composition of the minerals. A total of 44 elements were quantified. To establish criteria for the classification of the samples and confirm a unique set of parameters of variation among the types of production, sophisticated chemometric techniques were used. The results indicate that the accumulation of elements varies between 8 tomato varieties and 2 different growing systems. The contents of Al, Mn, As, Pb, and some of the rare-earth elements (REEs) are able to distinguish between production types. Examination of different hybrids, which belong to different types in two production systems: organic and integral within Zeleni hit (official Enza and Vitalis trial and breeding station), was done with the aim of reaching a methodology of diversification, ie complete traceability of organic production, and to contribute to distinguishing types of agricultural systems and enhancing the possibility of acquiring a valuable authenticity factor about the type of agricultural production system employed for the cultivation of tomatoes.
... This difference may be due to distinct nutritional profiles between unripe and ripe fruits. Sugar concentration, among other nutrients, may be higher on ripe tomato fruits [19,20], so it is possible that mirids may get more nutritional value per feeding puncture on ripe fruits than on green ones. On green fruits, the main effect was the presence of prey, which reduced fruit damage. ...
Zoophytophagous dicyphine mirids can produce economically important damage on tomato. We evaluated the influence of fruit ripeness and presence of prey and water, on fruit damage caused by nymphs and adults of two species (Dicyphus cerastii and Nesidiocoris tenuis) in 24h. For both species combined, fruit ripeness was the most important factor and unripe fruit suffered more damage. The presence of prey only reduced damage on unripe fruits. Factor importance on fruit damage varied between species. For D. cerastii fruit ripeness was the most important factor whereas for N. tenuis it was mirid age. Overall, N. tenuis females produced more damage than D. cerastii.
... Именно для ликопина установлено профилактическое действие против рака, сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. А в работе латвийских ученых показано изменение содержания сухих веществ, кислот, витамина С, ликопина во время созревания (зеленые -бурые -розовые -красные плоды) для томатов трех сортов: Sakura, Sunstream, Mathew [8]. По мере созревания содержание всех изученных веществ повышается. ...
A technology has been developed for the production of edible packaging based on applesauce with the addition of dried fruit and vegetable raw materials. As a result of research, a technology was developed for the production of edible glasses based on applesauce with the addition of dried apples, apricots, cranberries, bell peppers, tomatoes, carrots, and beets. A comparative assessment of the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of edible glasses based on applesauce with the addition of dried fruit and vegetable raw materials. Organoleptic indicators, humidity, water absorption, resistance to model liquids (distilled water with a temperature of 20–25 °C; distilled water with an initial temperature of 90–95 °C; 5 % aqueous solution of sodium chloride with a temperature of 20–25 °C; 5 % aqueous citric acid solution with a temperature of 20–25 °C), microscopic examination of the surface. Thus, as a result of a study of the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of edible packaging based on apple raw materials with the addition of dried fruit and vegetable raw materials, it was found that the most optimal physico-chemical indicators and mechanical properties of the glass are observed at the highest degree of grinding of dried fruit / vegetable additives and increase the degree of coverage of the surface area of the edible glass with the additive.
