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Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) - leucine, isoleucine and valine are essential amino acids which are metabolized directly in muscles and offer energy fuel to performance of the work. There is lot of evidences supporting the positive effect of BCAA supplementation on muscle growth. The main importance is attached particularly to leucine. There was...
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Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a leucine-enriched amino acid supplement on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function in post-stroke patients with sarcopenia.
Methods:
We conducted an eight-wk, two-parallel group intervention, randomized controlled, blinded outcome assessment among 44 post-stroke old...
Citations
... WP is particularly rich in the branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine, which play a crucial role in tissue growth and repair (Brestenský et al., 2015). Additionally, whey protein is a valuable source of cysteine and methionine, which are glutathione precursors and a key component for enhancing immune function (Mir Khan and Selamoglu, 2020). ...
Cancer cachexia (CC) is characterized by significant skeletal muscle wasting, and contributes to diminished quality of life, while being associated with poorer response to treatment and with reduced survival. Chronic inflammation plays a central role in driving CC progression, within a complex interplay favoring catabolism. Although cachexia cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support, nutritional intervention shows promise for the prevention and treatment of the syndrome. Of special interest are nutrients with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and those that activate pathways involved in muscle mass synthesis and/or in the inhibition of muscle wasting. Extensive research has been carried out on novel nutritional supplements’ power to mitigate CC impact, while the mechanisms through which some nutrients or bioactive compounds exert beneficial effects on muscle mass are still not totally clear. Here, we discuss the most studied supplements and nutritional strategies for dealing with muscle loss in CC.
... The limiting amino acid is tryptophan at 3.1 g/100 g. The essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are particularly important-valine, isoleucine, and leucine [47]. A distinctive feature of BCAAs is that they are catabolized in extrahepatic tissues, rather than in the liver like other proteinogenic amino acids [48]. ...
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent one of the most severe healthcare challenges for many countries, accounting for one-third of all deaths worldwide. One significant risk factor contributing to the increase in CVD prevalence is the disruption of dietary patterns, characterised by a deficiency of essential macro- and micronutrients in the population's diet. In this context, a particularly relevant direction in food biotechnology and preventive medicine is the nutritional prevention of CVD by developing new functional food products with pronounced health-promoting and cardioprotective properties. Mare's milk and resveratrol have a balanced chemical composition and can be utilised to prevent many chronic non-communicable diseases, including CVD. This study aims to develop functional milk chocolate enriched with dried mare's milk and resveratrol and determine its physicochemical properties and micronutrient profile. The replacement of cow's milk in chocolate with dried mare's milk and fortification using resveratrol powder resulted in significant changes in the product's properties, which varied depending on the quantity of added functional ingredients. These include the mass content of B vitamins, vitamins A and E, calcium, magnesium, essential amino acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Sensory analysis revealed changes in the product's organoleptic properties following incorporating these functional components. Thus, adding 20% dried mare's milk and 0.10% resveratrol can enhance the biological value and improve the sensory qualities of the chocolate products.
... Our study showed L. minor D0158 clone had 37.18% EAA of the total amino acids, 17.15% glutamic acid of the total non-EAAs, and 47.48% Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) of the total EAAs. The BCAAs (Leucine/Leu, Isoleucine/Ile and Valine/Val) play key role in protein synthesis and muscle repair (Brestenský et al., 2015), particularly beneficial for athletes. The BCCA content in L. minor D0158 was found to be substantially higher (18.17% of the total amino acids), lower than in soybean (16.54%) and the FAO-recommendation 14.1% (FAO, 2011;Leser, 2013). ...
Duckweeds, recognized as the fastest growing aquatic flowering plants, exhibit substantial biomass production. Recently, they have been emerged as a potential industrial crop for efficient and eco-friendly protein production and nutrient recovery compared to conventional crops. The objective of the study was to determine the biomass accumulation rate, protein content and amino acid analysis of duckweeds (Lemna minor D0158).We cultured L. minor D0158 from its preserved state in the gene bank into both aseptic (in-vitro) and open condition at controlled room. The medium was Hoagland Solution (HS) mixed with sucrose in in-vitro condition while 1/5 concentration of HS (without sucrose) was in the open condition. Subsequently, we determined the dry biomass growth by calculating the weight difference adopting the Bergmann Method, and then calculated the protein percentage following the Kjeldahl Method. Moreover, the amino acid profiling was obtained using the Hydrolysis and Liquid Chromatography Technique. Later on, we compared the results with those of the other duckweeds and soybean together with the FAO requirements. We found that L. minor D0158 possessed the dry biomass growth rate of 6.72 g/m2/d with 33.13% protein content within 7-day cultivation period. Moreover, it exhibited significantly higher levels of branched chain amino acids (BCCAs) than soybean and met the FAO requirements. However, methionine (Met) content was found to be slightly low. The study suggested that L. minor D0158 might offer a sustainable solution for protein food security in future.
... Thus, this supports the idea that the protein quality of CPE is better than that of CP because CPE contains a greater quantity of essential amino acids than CP. Furthermore, the content of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, isoleucine, and leucine), which play roles in muscle development and control of the central nervous system [40], was higher in CPE (10,941.3 mg/100 g) than in CP (8745.3 ...
This study aimed to determine enzymes that effectively extract Chlorella pyrenoidosa proteins and optimize the processing conditions using response surface methods. Furthermore, the potential of enzymatically hydrolyzed C. pyrenoidosa protein extract (CPE) as a substitute protein source was investigated. The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions for protein extraction were optimized using single-factor analysis and a response surface methodology–Box–Behnken design. The R² value of the optimized model was 0.9270, indicating the reliability of the model, and the optimal conditions were as follows: a hydrolysis temperature of 45.56 °C, pH 9.1, and a hydrolysis time of 49.85 min. The amino acid composition of CPE was compared to that of C. pyrenoidosa powder (CP), which was found to have a higher content of essential amino acids (EAA). The electrophoretic profiles of CP and CPE confirmed that CPE has a low molecular weight. Furthermore, CPE showed higher antioxidant activity and phenol content than CP, with ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging abilities of 69.40 ± 1.61% and 19.27 ± 3.16%, respectively. CPE had high EAA content, antioxidant activity, and phenol content, indicating its potential as an alternative protein source. Overall, in this study, we developed an innovative, ecofriendly, and gentle enzymatic hydrolysis strategy for the extraction and refinement of Chlorella proteins.
... The mean requirement of the total BCAAs at the population-based level was reported by 144 mg/(kg. d) (6); The BCAAs make up around 14-18% of the total amino acids in protein sources (7). As the total protein needs for healthy adults are defined by the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) at 0.80 g protein/kg/day (8), this required amount of protein and consequently BCAAs easily consumed by the majority of world populations, so there is not the dietary BCAAs deficiency in the diet. ...
The present study aimed to investigate the association of dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and its components with cancer, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality in a meta-analysis of observational studies. A comprehensive search was conducted between electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) until September 2022. Odds ratios (OR), hazard ratios (HR), and relative risks (RR) were extracted. Eight articles (six studies on breast cancer (BC) and digestive cancers risk, and three studies on both BC and digestive cancers mortality, and all-cause mortality) were included. The present study showed no statistically significant association between dietary BCAAs and its components with BC and digestive cancers (RRBCAA: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.68-1.10, RRLeucine: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.52-1.04, RRIsoleucine: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.93-1.04, RRValine: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.55-1.05). Also, no statistically significant relationship between dietary BCAAs and its components with both BC and digestive cancers mortality (RRBCAA: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.68-1.33, RRLeucine: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.79-1.15, RRIsoleucine: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.79-1.14, RRValine: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.84-1.21) and all-cause mortality (RRBCAA: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.73-1.32, RRLeucine: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.81-1.29, RRIsoleucine: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.73-1.27, RRValine: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.79-1.32) were observed. Our findings showed no significant association between dietary BCAAs and its components with BC and digestive cancers, BC and digestive cancers mortality, and all-cause mortality.
... Whey protein is particularly rich in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine. These BCAAs, especially leucine, play a crucial role in tissue growth and repair (Brestenskỳ et al., 2021). Additionally, whey protein is a valuable source of cysteine and methionine, which can be converted to glutathione, a key component for enhancing immune function (Khan & Selamoglu, 2019). ...
The number of people being diagnosed with cancer is increasing rapidly worldwide. Cancer remains the greatest cause of death worldwide. Whey has attracted much attention in recent years as a natural source because of its significant applications to health benefits. Nowadays, whey is mostly utilised as an energy source for sports beverages and medicinal purposes in several nations. Whey components are becoming more popular among consumers for their nutraceutical properties, making them an appealing topic for cancer research which is a global public health issue. Researchers use whey protein in cancer prevention and therapy. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown whey protein consumption to elicit anti-cancer effects. Medical science now overwhelmingly favours whey protein's therapeutic significance, particularly in cancer cachexia treatment. Furthermore, whey protein supplementation is a viable, practicable, and cost-effective strategy for cancer cachexia syndrome treatment. This is particularly true considering whey protein's high leucine content and intrinsic capacity to alter IGF-I concentrations. More research is required to assess the usefulness of whey protein supplementation as an adjuvant in cancer therapy. Bearing in mind the nutraceutical significance of whey-derived proteins, this review paper highlights its emerging bioactive role to prevent cancer and improve human health.
... The study by Dupouy-Camet and Bruschi (2007) reported that Trichinella migration to the muscles results in the disturbance of metabolites in the host, and this was observed in the current study where amino acids metabolism intermediates such as L-valine and L-leucine were downregulated in the T. zimbabwensis-infected rats as compared to the control animals. These two branched chain amino acids, L-valine and L-leucine are essential amino acid molecules that are metabolized in muscles and offer energy (Brestenský et al., 2021). ...
Trichinella infections have been documented globally and have been detected in wild and/or domestic animals except Antarctica. There is paucity of information in the metabolic responses of hosts during Trichinella infections and biomarkers for infection that can be used in the diagnosis of the disease. The current study aimed to apply a non-targeted metabolomic approach to identify Trichinella zimbabwensis biomarkers including metabolic response from sera of infected Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into T. zimbabwensis infected group ( n = 36) and the non-infected control ( n = 18). Results from the study showed that the metabolic signature of T. zimbabwensis infection consists of enriched methyl histidine metabolism, disturbance of the liver urea cycle, impeded TCA cycle, and upregulation of gluconeogenesis metabolism. The observed disturbance in the metabolic pathways was attributed to the effects caused by the parasite during its migration to the muscles resulting in downregulation of amino acids intermediates in the Trichinella-infected animals, and therefore affecting energy production and degradation of biomolecules. It was concluded that T. zimbabwensis infection caused an upregulation of amino acids; pipecolic acid, histidine, and urea, and upregulation of glucose and meso-Erythritol. Moreover, T. zimbabwensis infection caused upregulation of the fatty acids, retinoic acid, and acetic acid. These findings highlight the potential of metabolomics as a novel approach for fundamental investigations of host-pathogen interactions as well as for disease progression and prognosis.
... 14 BCAA can improve nutritional status, increase albumin levels, prevent progressive liver damage, and stimulate protein synthesis. 15,16 In addition to containing BCAA, Hepatogomax enteral formula contains mediumchain triglyceride (MCT) fat derived from goat's milk flour. Goat's milk flour contains 4.5 fat with a high MCT of about 36%. ...
Background: Patients with liver cirrhosis had liver cell damage and malnutrition risk. Hepatogomax enteral formula consists of soybean flour and goat’s milk flour which could reduce serum albumin, AST, and ALT levels because it contains BCAA amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) and MCT.Objective: To examine the effect of Hepatogomax enteral formula based on Soybean flour and goat’s milk flour on serum albumin, AST, and ALT levels in Sprague Dawley rats liver cirrhosis.Methods: The true experimental study – pre-post control group used 24 adult Sprague Dawley rats in 4 groups. Groups K(+), P1, and P2 were induced by Thioacetamide 400 mg/kgBW. The groups of P1 and P2 were given the Hepatogomax enteral formula made from soybean flour and goat’s milk flour at a dose of 4.87 g/200gBW and 14.6 g/200gBW for 28 days. Serum albumin levels were determined using the Bromocresol Green (BCG) method while serum AST and ALT were determined using spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis had used Paired T-Test and Kruskal Wallis test with Mann Whitney follow-up test.Results: Serum albumin, AST, and ALT levels in the P1 and P2 groups had significant differences (p<0.05) against the K(-) and K(+) groups. Enteral formula based on soybean flour and goat’s milk flour could increase serum albumin levels and reduce serum AST and ALT levels of P1 and P2 groups. The most significant improvement in serum albumin, AST, and ALT levels was at dose 14.6 g/200gBW.Conclusion: Hepatogomax enteral formula based on Soybean flour and goat’s milk flour could increase serum albumin and redue AST, and ALT levels Sprague Dawley rats liver cirrhosis.
... It is proved that branched-chain amino acids play an important role in the regulation of myocardial ischemia, blood pressure, and myocardial ischemia. In order to protect the athletes from myocardial injury, it can reduce myocardial injury by taking calcium [15]. Supplement of branched-chain amino acids in endurance training can reduce serum creatine poisoning. ...
During the training process, the aerobics athletes gradually increase their technical movements, the appreciation of the movements has been gradually improved, and the injuries of the athletes themselves have also gradually become serious. Based on CT image analysis, we study the protective effect of amino acids on aerobics athletes’ muscle injury after endurance exercise. There are three major substance metabolism disorders in patients with muscle sclerosis, which are mainly manifested as decreased glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Some patients develop muscle-derived diabetes. At the same time, the synthesis of lipids such as cholesterol and apolipoproteins decreases, the production of ketone bodies increases and the body uses more ketones for energy. The BCAA/AAA factor refers to the branched-chain amino acid/aromatic amino acid (BCAA/AAA) value. In amino acid metabolism, plasma albumin decreased significantly, the ratio of amino acids was unbalanced, and BCAA/AAA decreased, which was more likely to induce muscular encephalopathy. Using computer tomography (CT) to study the protective effect of amino acids on muscle injury, 32 aerobics athletes were randomly divided into an intervention group (Ig) and a control group (CG), each with 16 people. After 64-slice spiral CT scanning of muscles and three-dimensional reconstruction, the intervention group and the control group participated in aerobic endurance training 3 weeks in advance to establish a muscle microinjury model. The intervention group took the preprepared BCAA, while the control group did not take it. After three weeks of training, there will be one hour and three hours of aerobics competition. We need to detect changes in blood glucose (BS), creatine kinase (SCK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alanine (ALA), and alanine aminotransferase (AA) before and after exercise and 1 hour after exercise and record AVS athletes' pain analysis table. We successfully established the muscle injury model, letting all athletes’ VAS score in 6–8 points; after 1 hour of exercise, the measurement results were the same as those of 2 hours. Therefore, after endurance training, the blood glucose content of the intervention group gradually decreased and returned to the original level after 2 hours of exercise, while the control group was lower than the level of exercise after 2 hours of exercise; the content of alanine in the two groups decreased more after 2 hours of exercise; the results of serum creatine kinase in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group after exercise. In the intervention group, lactate dehydrogenase increased rapidly at 2 hours after exercise; the alanine aminotransferase in the intervention group increased after exercise, but there was no significant change in the control group. It is also concluded that the longer the exercise time and the more energy consumption, the more effective the branched-chain amino acids supplement will be. The obtained imaging data can provide a more intuitive and accurate basis for the scientific selection of athletes, and amino acids can promote the synthesis of hormones, accelerate the synthesis of proteins and other products, reduce the content of creatine kinase in the blood, and protect the rapid recovery of muscle damage.
... In P. vulgaris specie, the main free amino acid was found to be tryptophan. This essential amino acid, as a bioactive molecule, appear to have the potential to play a role in autism therapy, as well as in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, cognitive function, chronic kidney disease, depression, and some inflammatory diseases [38,39]. However, the highest valine content was found in P. lunatus. ...
... However, the highest valine content was found in P. lunatus. Valine, along with leucine and isoleucine, could be involved in promoting anabolic pathways, preventing signs of hepatic encephalopathy, attenuating fatigue during exercise, and promotes wound healing [38]. These differences in free amino acid content between species could be attributable to the conditions under which the crops were grown [33][34][35]. ...
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), comba beans (Phaseolus lunatus), and ayocote beans (Phaseolus coccineus) are the most consumed beans worldwide. This work aimed to analyze the nutraceutical potential, antinutritional content, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical characteristics of 38 native bean accessions from South Pacific Mexico. Regarding size, the accessions collected from P. lunatus were the longest (15.31 ± 1.31 mm) and widest (11.04 ± 0.85 mm), while those of P. coccineus were of a greater thickness (6.40 ± 0.85 mm). In addition, it was observed that P. vulgaris species presented a higher percentage of protein and fat content. Moreover, an inverse correlation was found between the content of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in all the collected accessions. The main free amino acid of P. lunatus and P. vulgaris was tryptophan with concentrations of 35.36 ± 0.37 mg/100 g and 47.41 ± 0.53 mg/100 g, respectively. While P. coccineus contained isoleucine as its main free amino acid with a concentration of 29.85 ± 1.06 mg/100 g Furthermore, the collected accessions could be 100% correctly classified as P. vulgaris, P. lunatus, or P. coccineus according to the free amino acid content; this classification could serve as a marker to distinguish between Phaseolus species. In addition, principal component analysis of the phenolic compound content, nutritional composition, antinutritional factors, and antioxidant activity was performed, showing not only that P. vulgaris accessions can present nutraceutical potential but also that some accessions from P. lunatus and P. coccineus species can be promoted for the development of functional foods.
