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Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the Central Uganda region, V. amygdalina was highly classified as the most important species in the treatment of malaria. The remedies for malaria treatment were either prepared as decoctions (Table 1) or infusions, each containing single plants or in combination with other plants ( Tugume et al., 2016). ...Context 2
... (2008) studied the medicinal plants used for malaria in selected villages from Budiope County in Eastern Uganda which comprised Busambira and Buseete villages of Kinambogo Parish in the Kamuli district of Eastern Uganda. In his work, 27 medicinal plant species, mainly young leaves, parts of shrubs or trees (singly or in combination), belonging to 16 families, were reportedly used for antimalarial remedies in that County, either as decoctions or infusions (Table 1). The parts are collected and used fresh at no specific time of the day or season. ...Context 3
... of the plants are used for the management of malaria, eight for prevention while two are for both prevention and treatment. These plants predominantly belong to Asteraceae and Fabaceae families, and are mostly used as decoctions or infusions (Table 1). The leaves of A. indica, H. opposita, C. papaya, T. diversifolia and M. oleifera (also root) were similarly found useful in antimalarial therapy in other parts of Uganda. ...Context 4
... the second part among Baganda people of south-western Uganda, all the medicinal plants studied were summed up to 168 with additional 8 species commonly used for malaria ( Hamill et al., 2003). Katuura et al. (2007) studied medicinal plants used for malaria in Mbarara municipality and Rwampara County from where 20 medicinal plants were reported, out of which 19 species were identified with their leaves or roots being used as decoctions or infusions (Table 1), either individually or in combination. Four of the plant species namely, M. indica, T. assiatica, V. amygdalina and V. lasiopus, commonly used for malaria treatment in this Elemanolides; epivernodalol and lasiopulide Hamill et al., 2000;Koul, et al., 2003;Muregi et al., 2003;Muregi et al., 2007;Katuura et al., 2007;Dharani et al., 2010;Namukobe et al., 2011;Katuura et al., 2007;Stangeland et al., 2011;Asiimwe et al., 2013;Adia et al., 2014;Njenga et al., 2015;Rachuonyo et al., 2016 region were also commonly used in other regions of the country. ...Context 5
... results of interview on about 28 traditional birth attendants (TBAs) by Stangeland et al. (2011) in the Nyakayoko sub-County of Mbarara District on medicinal plants commonly-used for malaria, have revealed 56 plant species from 23 families. The leaf part was found to be most widely used but the plants in this sub-County were either used individually or in combination (Table 1). All the medicinal plants used for antimalarial remedies were reported to be commonly used in other regions except, B. pilosa, M. indica and M. oleifera which did not appear in the report of Stangeland (2011). ...Context 6
... commonly used in other geographical regions (Table 1). The leaf or other morphological parts were prepared individually or in combination with other plants as decoction or infusion. ...Context 7
... M. indica and V. amygdalina) are commonly used in other regions for malaria while others are either used for ailments other than malaria or not appearing at all for other regions. Meanwhile, antimalarial and other pharmacological activities of some of the selected medicinal plants have been established and reported as shown in Table 1 with some of their active ingredents, being reported. Also, reports on the safety of some of these plants have been reported with some showing degenerative effects such as nephro-/hepato-toxicity, vacuolar degeneration, necrosis, etc. ( Adebayo et al., 2009;Elufioye et al., 2009;Passoni et al., 2013). ...Similar publications
Citations
... C. papaya leaves are infused in traditional medicines. Fever has been treated with C. papaya leaf decoctions in folk medicine (Ajayi et al., 2020;Deshpande et al., 2021). Even though herbal products are frequently regarded as safe, some of them have been linked to varied degrees of unfavorable or hazardous consequences (Zhang et al., 2015). ...
... It is also used as a remediation for heavy metals from the soil [10,12] and has been found to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiemetic, insecticidal, anticancer, antioxidant, anthelmintic, and antiplasmodial activities [5,16,17]. In Uganda and Kenya, T. diversifolia is locally known as Akechakech, Kinyula Ngaro, Itano, and Komanyoko (Banyankole community), maruru and amalulu (Luhya tribe), maua makech (Luo), amaua amaroro (Kisii), mula (Kamba), and mauat ne ng'wan (Kalenjin community), all implying the plant has a bitter taste, has been effectively used for the treatment of snake envenomation, malaria, and diarrhea [18][19][20]. ...
... Ethnopharmacological studies are, by definition, scientific approaches to the study of biological activities of preparations used by humans, which possess, either beneficial or toxic or other direct pharmacological effects [15] and thus, ethnopharmacology involves investigating the relationship between humans and plants in all its complexity [15]. Accordingly, several ethnobotanical surveys conducted in Uganda have revealed that various medicinal plants are used in the management of DM [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Indeed, ethnopharmacological studies have reported the anti-diabetic efficacy of some of these plants and their derived formulations [23,25]. ...
... The extensive use of leaves for the treatment of DM corroborates with the findings of Skalli et al. [104] and Mohammed et al. [31] who also reported highest use of leaves for DM management compared to other plant parts. The most common modes of herbal preparation include decoction [17,24] and infusion [21,24] (Table 1). Decoctions are prepared by boiling plant materials in a specific quantity of water for 15-20 min and after, the mixtures are allowed to cool before administration. ...
... Accordingly, all the tested plants showed the desired clinical effects [25,172,193,295]. These therapeutic effects justify the use of the plants traditionally to treat DM across different communities in Uganda [17,23]. However, the clinical trials were preliminary in nature aimed at assessing therapeutic effect of these plants in human subjects with none being a randomized, controlled trial. ...
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem owing to its high prevalence and increased morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of DM and impaired glucose tolerance in Uganda is approximately 4.1% and 6.6%, respectively. Medicinal plants are commonly used for the management of DM, especially in developing countries, such as Uganda . According to several ethnobotanical surveys conducted in Uganda, various medicinal plants are used in DM management. Meanwhile, ethnopharmacological studies have confirmed the anti-diabetic efficacy of various plants and plant-derived formulations from Uganda. However, these information remain highly fragmented without a single repository for plants used in the management and treatment of DM in Uganda, hindering further investigations. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively explore plants used for DM treatment in Uganda and retrieve relevant ethnopharmacological and ethnomedicinal information that can be used for DM therapy development. English peer-reviewed articles and books were searched in scientific databases, especially PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SciFinder, and Medline, to retrieve information on medicinal plants used for DM treatment and management in Uganda. The databases were searched to obtain published literature on the anti-diabetic activities and safety of plants among the identified plants. The family name, plant parts used, anti-diabetic activities, dosage, and mechanisms of action of plant extracts were captured. In total, 46 species belonging to 26 families are used to treat DM in Uganda. Most species belonged to the Fabaceae (20%), Asteraceae (13%), and Solanaceae (7%) families. Anti-diabetic activities of 27 (59%) species have been scientifically investigated, whereas the rest have not been evaluated. This review indicated that various medicinal plants are used in the traditional treatment and management of DM across different regions in Uganda. Scientific investigations have revealed the anti-diabetic potential and safety of several of these plants. However, there is a need to validate the anti-diabetic potential of other unstudied plants. Additionally, isolating and characterizing active principles and elucidating the anti-diabetic mechanism of these plants and performing preclinical and clinical studies in the future could aid in the formulation of an effective and safe treatment for DM.
... Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological surveys carried out in Nigeria have highlighted the constant use of M. oleifera leaves for the treatment of malaria by traditional communities in the country [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. Other African countries that also stood out in the use of M. oleifera leaves were Uganda [36,62,63], Benin [31,64,65], and Ghana [66][67][68]. Scientific research shows that extracts from the leaves of this plant had in vivo antimalarial activity [69][70][71][72], confirming its use in traditional medicine. ...
Several regions of the world frequently use the species Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) in traditional medicine. This situation is even more common in African countries. Many literature reports point to the antimalarial potential of this species, indicating the efficacy of its chemical compounds against malaria-causing parasites of the genus Plasmodium. From this perspective, the present study reviews the ethnobotanical, pharmacological, toxicological, and phytochemical (flavonoids) evidence of M. oleifera, focusing on the treatment of malaria. Scientific articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, and SciELO databases. Only articles published between 2002 and 2022 were selected. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, this review used a total of 72 articles. These documents mention a large use of M. oleifera for the treatment of malaria in African and Asian countries. The leaves (63%) of this plant are the main parts used in the preparation of herbal medicines. The in vivo antimalarial activity of M. oleifera was confirmed through several studies using polar and nonpolar extracts, fractions obtained from the extracts, infusion, pellets, and oils obtained from this plant and tested in rodents infected by the following parasites of the genus Plasmodium: P. berghei, P. falciparum, P. yoelii, and P. chabaudi. Extracts obtained from M. oleifera showed no toxicity in preclinical tests. A total of 46 flavonoids were identified in the leaves and seeds of M. oleifera by different chromatography and mass spectrometry methods. Despite the scarcity of research on the antimalarial potential of compounds isolated from M. oleifera, the positive effects against malaria-causing parasites in previous studies are likely to correlate with the flavonoids that occur in this species.
... Previous reviews on anti-malarial plants in Uganda [18], mainly focused on ethnobotanical surveys which usually capture frequency of use and a summary of existing literature on the phyto-compounds and efficacy, without objective analysis of these information to select the most efficacious. The Research Initiative on Traditional and Antimalarial Methods (RITAM) founded in 1999 designed a standard score criteria that is useful for analysing literature on anti-malarial plants [19]. ...
Background
Malaria, a treatable disease mainly caused by Plasmodium falciparum has remained a health challenge in Africa, a continent that accounted for 96% of total global cases and deaths in 2021. Uganda, a malaria endemic country is experiencing malaria parasite resistance to some of the drugs used in the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). In an effort to prioritize herbal medicines for new product development, this review synthesized the available safety and efficacy literature on the Ugandan anti-malarial plants to suggest most effective herbal plants.
Methods
Literature was exhaustively searched using engines and databases, such as Google scholar, Pubmed, and Scopus-indexed journals during the period of June 2020–December 2021. In the first phase, information on ethnobotanical uses of anti-malarial plants in Uganda was gathered and synthetized to generate a list of plants, followed by data on anti-malarial efficacy (both in vitro and in vivo) on each listed plant. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (µg/ml), and % parasite suppression for every plant were scored using The Research Initiative on Traditional and Antimalarial Methods (RITAM) scoring system. The best twenty (20) plants were evaluated for acute safety (LD50) data in rat model, plant parts used, ease of cultivation, presence of clinical studies and other relevant factors for suggesting the best three (3) plants for future anti-malarial product development.
Results
Over one hundred twenty-six (126) plant species are used in Uganda for treatment of malaria in local communities. Out of these, about 33% (41) have been studied for efficacy and safety, with Artemisia annua and Vernonia amygdalina being the most extensively studied and among the best twenty (20) anti-malarial plants in Uganda. Both are limited by parasite recrudescence in clinical studies. Microglossa pyrifolia, a very potent plant (IC50 = 0.03 – 0.05 µg/ml has potential to penetrate the liver and could ameliorate the challenge of recrudescence if combined with A. annua and V. amygdalina in a polyherbal formulation.
Conclusion
There are many plants with promising potential for malaria treatment in Uganda and a herbal combination of A. annua, V. amydalina and M. pyrifolia could offer the next herbal ACT if carefully studied and developed.
... The leaves possess anti-hypertensive properties and anti-tumour properties (Koffi et al., 2009;Jaiswal et al., 2010). In folk medicine, leaf decoctions of C. papaya have been used to combat fevers (Ajayi et al., 2020;Deshpande et al., 2021). Whereas, herbal products are often considered to be safe, some have been associated with varying degrees of undesirable or harmful effects (Zhang et al., 2015). ...
Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) is an herbaceous perennial tree crop commonly cultivated for its ripe edible fruit. Locally, the leaf decoction is used for treatment of malaria. This study investigated acute toxicity and sub-acute biosafety of C. papaya aqueous leaf extract on haematological and organ/body weight indices. Matured fresh C. papaya leaves were collected, dried and pulverized before extraction using aqueous decoction technique. The liquid extract was further concentrated to dryness and kept in an air tight bottle until further use. Acute toxicity in mice was appraised according to the method of Lorke, while sub-acute toxicity was determined by assessing haematological and organ/body weight parameters in four groups of Wistar rats pre-treated as follows: Group I (control) received distilled water (ml/kg body weight), while groups II, III and IV were administered single daily doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of the extract for 28 consecutive days. The result from the acute toxicity studies was assessed to be above 5000 mg/kg, while the 28 days sub-acute test revealed that there was no significant difference, P> 0.05, in all haematological parameters and organ/body weight ratios evaluated when compared with the control. This study revealed that orally administered C. papaya aqueous leaf extract was tolerated at a single high dose, LD50 above 5000 mg/kg. Also, repeated administration of the test doses did not adversely interfere with any haematological parameter as well as organ/body weight profiles evaluated. The data obtained tend to support the biosafety of the plant extract as reportedly used in herbal home remedies.
Background: The present ethnobotanical study was conducted to identify plant species used by Burundians to treat
malaria and to repel mosquitoes, to compare this with existing literature, identify species which could be further
investigated and discuss potential future promotion or cultivation.
Methods: Surveys were conducted between April and October 2018 in seven provinces representing the five
ecological zones of Burundi. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 341 randomly selected
respondents (between 25 and 50 household heads in each province).
Results: A total of 44 plant species were reported in this study: 32 as antimalarial, two as mosquito repellents and
10 for both purposes. For antimalarial plants (84%) and mosquito repellent plants (88%), leaves were the most
commonly used plant part. According to the respondents, 28 plant species were being cultivated and 16 were
mostly collected from the wild. An examination of the literature on some of the plant species mentioned in this
study revealed that eight of them had never been studied before.
Conclusions: The use of antimalarial and mosquito repellent plants in Burundi was highlighted in this study. Its goal
is to create a database of antimalarial and mosquito repellent plants. This will aid decision-making in the
development of traditional medicine and the conservation of medicinal plants.
Keywords: Ethnobotany; antimalarial activity; mosquito repellents; plants cultivation; Eco-climatic zones.
