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The genus Luculia Sweet contains about five species of small trees or shrubs and is a member of the family Rubiaceae (tribe Cinchoneae). Luculia yunnanensis is an endangered ornamental shrub endemic to southwest China. Only two natural populations of L. yunnanensis exist in the wild according to our field investigation. It can be inferred that L. y...
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We identified 14 informative microsatellite loci from two taxa, Grevillea aquifolium (6) and G. infecunda (8), belonging to the Pteridifolia Group, Aspleniifolia/Hookeriana Subgroup (Proteaceae). Loci were screened for variability among 20 individuals of their source species. The number of alleles
observed per locus for G. infecunda ranged from 1 t...
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... Zhou et al. (2010) developed 13 pairs of SSR primers suitable for analyzing the genetic diversity of Luculia, which could effectively distinguish between L. yunnanensis and Luculia pinceana. Ma et al. (2012) made use of a modified biotinstreptavidin capture method to develop 11 pairs of SSR primers with polymorphism in two populations of L. yunnanensis. Li et al. (2017) determined the floral components of L. yunnanensis. ...
Luculia yunnanensis is a vulnerable species endemic to Yunnan Province, Southwestern China, which has high ornamental value. Its wild population has not been fully protected and utilized for a long time, which is not conducive to the long-term stable development of this species. Genetic diversity assessment is the basis and prerequisite for the conservation of rare species. In this study, 21 phenotypic traits and 17 highly polymorphic EST-SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 164 individuals from six L. yunnanensis populations. The coefficient of variation of 21 phenotypic traits ranged from 11.76% to 52.58% (mean=21.72%), and the coefficient of variation of 18 traits was less than 30%. The average values of Ne, I, Ho and He were 1.710, 0.619, 0.384, and 0.352, respectively. The genetic diversity of LLO (Ho = 0.476 and He = 0.426) and LCM (Ho = 0.424 and He = 0.381) populations in Lushui County was highest. The GDX populations (Ho = 0.335 and He = 0.269) isolated by Gaoligong Mountain had the lowest genetic diversity. The AMOVA results showed that 13.04% of the genetic variation was among populations and 86.96% was within populations. The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient of phenotypic traits among populations was 18.69%. The results of phenotypic and genetic variation analysis were consistent, indicating that the most of variation exists within population. Genetic structure, UPGMA clustering and PCA analysis results showed that the populations of L. yunnanensis had obvious geographical divisions, and the populations distributed in the southern region and distributed in the northern region of the Nujiang River clustered into one group respectively. Combining the results of phenotypic and molecular markers, we recommend that give priority to the protection of LLO, LCM and GDX population, in order to ensure the sustainable utilization of L. yunnanensis germplasm resources.
... There are three species distributed in China; i.e., L. pinceana Hooker, L. gratissima (Wallich) Sweet and L. yunnanensis Hu. Among them, L. yunnanensis is the unique one, endemic to Yunnan Province and naturally confined to open slopes and secondary shrubby woodland on limestone mountains at an altitude between 1200 and 3200 m [1]. Luculia species can be easily recognized by the compact and long-term blooming inflorescences consisting of white, pink to red, and sweetly fragrant flowers with extremely long corolla tubes [2]. ...
... L. yunnanensis distinguishes itself from its allied species by the surface of inflorescence axes, the hypanthium portion of the calyx, and its fruit covered by densely tomentose pubescences. Moreover, it is difficult to find wild populations of L. yunnanensis, as its appropriate habitats have been fragmented by human activities [1,3]. ...
Luculia plants are famed ornamentals with sweetly fragrant flowers. Luculia yunnanensis Hu is an endemic plant from Yunnan Province, China. Headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the different flower development stages of L. yunnanensis for the evaluation of floral volatile polymorphism. The results showed that a total of 40 compounds were identified at four different stages. The main aroma-active compounds were 3-carene, α-cubebene, α-copaene, δ-cadinene, and isoledene. Floral scent emission had the tendency to ascend first and descend in succession, reaching its peak level at the initial-flowering stage. The richest diversity of floral volatiles was detected at the full-flowering stage. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the composition and its relative content of floral scent differed at the whole flower development stage. In comparison with the other two species of Luculia (L. pinceana and L. gratissima), the composition and its relative content of floral scent were also different among the tree species.
... In light of its high ornamental value, endemism, and endangered status, we developed 10 microsatellite markers of P. delavayi from peony ESTs. The genetic information obtained herein will be informative for further studies on the conservation of P. delavayi resources, selecting parental types in cross-breeding, as well as for the molecular evolution of this species (Ma et al., 2012). ...
Paeonia Franchet contains approximately 30 species of perennial herbs and is the only member of the family Paeoniaceae. Paeonia delavayi is an endangered ornamental plant that has a compound flower color and is endemic to southwest China. Its optimal habitats have been fragmented and its population size has greatly decreased as a result of human activities. Using a modified biotin-streptavidin capture method, 51 primer sets were identified in 3 wild populations of P. delavayi in this study. Ten primers displayed polymorphisms and 41 amplified no products, gave weak or indistinct bands, or gave larger sizes than expected. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 3, and the values for observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.571 and from 0.000 to 0.509, with averages of 0.113 and 0.295, respectively. These markers will be useful for further investigations in resource conservation, selection of parental types in cross-breeding, the molecular evolution of this species, and for related research in Paeonia species.
Luculia yunnanensis (Rubiaceae), an evergreen shrub or small tree, is endemic to China and confined to Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province. This plant is of high ornamental value owing to its attractive pink flowers, sweet fragrance, and long flowering period. Due to the influence of climate change and human factors, the distribution range of L. yunnanensis has exhibited a significant shrinking trend, and it has become a vulnerable species that is in urgent need of conservation and rational utilization research. In this study, the flower transcriptome sequencing of L. yunnanensis was conducted using an Illumina HiSeq platform. We designed and developed a series of EST-SSR primers based on the flower transcriptome data of L. yunnanensis. The results showed that 98,389 unigenes were obtained from the L. yunnanensis flower transcriptome, all of which were aligned with sequences in public databases. Nr, Nt, Pfam, KOG/COG, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, and GO annotated 31,859, 13,853, 22,684, 10,947, 21,416, 9722, and 23,390 unigenes, respectively. The MISA (Microsatellite) tool was used to identify SSR loci from all unigenes, and a total of 15,384 SSRs were identified. Repeat motifs were given priority with mononucleotides, dinucleotides, and trinucleotides. The 81 primer pairs were synthesized randomly, of which 44 pairs showed effective amplification. A total of 17 primers showed stable amplification, and rich polymorphism was observed in 6 populations. We concluded via genetic diversity analysis that the average effective number of alleles (Ne), Shannon’s information index (I), and polymorphism information content (PIC) were 1.925, 0.837, and 0.403, respectively. In conclusion, 17 EST-SSR primers can be used for subsequent population genetic diversity analysis and molecular-marker-assisted breeding, which is of great significance for formulating resource conservation and utilization strategies for L. yunnanensis.
Head-space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was adopted to gather volatile organic compounds emitted from the flower of Luculia gratissima (Wallich) Sweet. Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for the analysis of the characteristics of the volatile component profile. The inflorescence of L. gratissima is a terminal umbel of tubular ended white or pink flowers with 5 spreading petals. A total of 20 compounds were identified, representing 99 % of the entire amount. The major components were γ-muurolene (46.3 %), 3-carene (23.5 %) and trans-isoeugenol (14.4 %), and they were found to make a principal contribution to the volatile compounds of this flower. It is suggested that L. gratissima would be fully qualified as a delightfully fragrant houseplant.
