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The considerable therapeutical problems of persistent infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacterial strains constitute a continuing need to find effective antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the activities of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oils against multidrug- resist...
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... Rosemary essential oils can be extracted through steam distillations of twigs and fresh leaves. A previous study by Sienkiewicz et al. (62) revealed that the major compounds in rosemary essential oil include 1,8-cineole (46.4%), camphor (11.4%), and α-pinene (11.0%). ...
Sivaphongthongchai A, Nakkliang K, Thetsana P, Seepika N, Thammarakkit T, Nopthaisong T, Phuneerub P. A Review on Seven Selected Essential Oils used as Aromatherapy to Maintain Sports Performance. JEPonline 2023;26(5):40-54. Aromatherapy is the science of holistic medicine for taking care of the human body and mind using pleasant smells of essential oils. Sports performance refers to carrying out physical routines or procedures by those who are trained or skilled in physical activity to achieve goals by meeting or surpassing specific standards. Essential oils widely used as aromatherapy in sports performance belong to three families. In Lamiaceae family, Lavendula angustifolia Mill (lavender) helps athletes recover from their training, and it is used as a massage oil in athletes. Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) helps improve fatigue, reduce the stress hormone levels and cure muscle spasm. Salvia officinalis L. (sage) improves mood, fatigue, memory performance and boosts cognitive function. Mentha x piperita (peppermint) helps stimulate, strengthen, and improve concentration, lung function, and physical performance. In Rutaceae family, Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) lowers physical and cognitive anxiety while improves lung function and exercise performance. Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. (lemon) promotes repeated high-intensity exercise performance. In Poaceae family, 41 Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) promotes athletic performance, lung function, cognitive function, and alters mood. Aromatherapy is an alternative for athletes to maintain their sports performance.
... Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor (Halahlah et al., 2021), anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic (Moura et al., 2022) effects are found in its extract or essential oil (Kontogianni et al., 2022). 1,8 cineole (46.4%), camphor (11.4%), α-pinene (11.0%), β-pinene (9.2%), and camphene (5.2%) are the primary components of rosemary essential oil (REO), which possesses antibacterial and antifungal properties (Sienkiewicz, Łysakowska, Pastuszka, Bienias, & Kowalczyk, 2013). The most potent antibacterial compounds have been identified as α-pinene and β-pinene (Halahlah et al., 2021). ...
In this study, an intelligent and active gelatin-based film incorporated with aloe vera gel (AVG), rosemary
essential oil (REO), and common poppy (CP) anthocyanins was produced, and its ability to monitor fish freshness
was investigated. The film samples were examined by Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), field emission scan�ning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction tests. The results showed that adding AVG and REO caused the
creation of a uniform surface morphology for film samples. Additionally, the FT-IR spectroscopy indicated the
formation of new interactions between the gelatin matrix and additives. The addition of CP anthocyanins
significantly improved the crystalline structure and mechanical properties of the gelatin-based films. Moreover,
the film incorporated with CP anthocyanins showed considerable sensitivity against pH changes and, ammonia
gas and their color changed from reddish to green by increasing pH from 2 to 12. Also, the gelatin/AVG/REO film
containing CP anthocyanins was used for monitoring fish spoilage. The obtained results showed that the color of
the intelligent colorimetric film changed from red to green, and its SRGB increased to 39.28% after 72 h storage.
These findings indicated the potential of the developed multifunctional film for use in monitoring the spoilage of
food products and extending their shelf life.
... In the narrative review, four research papers analyzed the effects of rosemary ( R officinalis) on the eradication of MDR and antibiotic-resistant strains of E coil. In all four studies, rosemary (R officinalis) suppressed the replication of MDR and antibiotic-resistant E coli (Dahiya, 2012;Qabaha, 2013;Sienkiewicz, 2013;Hussain, 2010 (Dahiya, 2012). ...
... mcl/ml, 18.25 mcl/ml to 20 mcg/ml, 19 to 20 mcl/ml, and 18.25 mcl/ml to 19.75 mcl/ml for samples extracted from the abdominal cavity, wounds, the bronchia and urine, blood, and catheters respectively(Sienkiewicz, 2013). The study by Qabaha et al did not establish a MIC. ...
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this narrative review was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of garlic (_Allium sativum_), thyme (_Thymus vulgaris_), oregano (_Origanum vulgare_), turmeric (_Curcuma longa_), rosemary (_Rosmarinus officinalis_) and cinnamon (_Cinnamomum _species) for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant strains of _Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli_, _Campylobacter jejuni, _and _Salmonella typhimurium_. METHODS. The scientific electronic database PubMed was utilized to review the current literature. The inclusion criteria consisted of academic journal articles that were available as free full-text studies published between 2007-2018. RESULTS. In total, 2,923 articles were found and 71 of those met the preset criteria. The literature review provided evidence that garlic (_Allium sativum_), thyme (_Thymus vulgaris_), oregano (_Origanum vulgare_), turmeric (_Curcuma longa_), rosemary (_Rosmarinus officinalis_) and cinnamon (_Cinnamomum _species) may be effective for the suppression of growth of antibiotic-resistant strains of _Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli_, _Campylobacter jejuni, _and _Salmonella typhimurium_. CONCLUSION. Antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria are a major issue in the healthcare field. Natural plant-based products may provide a benefit as an adjunct therapy or monotherapy for certain strains of bacteria that are antibiotic resistant.
... The composition of thyme EO was comparable with the composition previously reported, although the amount of some components in other EOs differs [37]. For rosemary EO, the amount of Linalool (13.34%) was higher for other reports that present 0.4-0.5% [38,39]. Peppermint EO presents more p-Menthan-1-ol (8.39%) than other reports, with only 0.3-0.9% ...
Citation: Romo-Castillo, M.; Flores-Bautista, V.A.; Guzmán-Gutiérrez, S.L.; Reyes-Chilpa, R.; León-Santiago, M.; Luna-Pineda, V.M. Synergy of Plant Essential Oils in Antibiotic Therapy to Combat Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections. Abstract: Increased antibiotic resistance presents a health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization published a list of pathogens considered a priority for designing new treatments. Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is a top-priority microorganism, highlighting the strains that produce carbapenemases. Developing new efficient therapies or complementing existing treatments is a priority, and essential oils (EOs) provide an alternative. EOs could act as antibiotic adjuvants and enhance antibiotic activity. Employing standard methodologies, the antibacterial activity of the EOs and their synergic effect with antibiotics were detected. A string test was used to identify the impact of the EOs over the hypermucoviscosity phenotype presented by Kp strains, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis identified EOs and the composition of EOs. The potential of EOs for designing synergistic therapies with antibiotics to combat the infection of KPC diseases was demonstrated. In addition, the alteration of the hypermucoviscosity phenotype was shown as the principal mechanism of a synergic action between EOs and antibiotics. The differential composition of the EOs lets us identify some molecules that will be analyzed. Synergic activity of EOs and antibiotics can provide a solid platform for combating multiresistant pathogens that represent a severe health sector problem, such as Kp infections.
... This herbal essential oil has the main bioactive compounds of carvacrol (Murthy et al., 2009) and thymol (Sabra et al., 2018), which can be compared with thyme and oregano EOs. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is another aromatic plant from the Lamiaceae family with the main components including camphor, 1,8-cineole, and α-pinene (Sienkiewicz et al., 2013). ROE is more well known than PAE for farm animal research, with numerous studies utilizing ROE as a feed additive in poultry (Gharejanloo et al., 2017;Loetscher et al., 2013;Mahgoub et al., 2019;Mathlouthi et al., 2012;Yesilbag et al., 2011). ...
Abstract This work aimed to assess the effects of Plectranthus amboinicus essential oil (PAE) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil (ROE) as feed additives on performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology, immune response, and plasma biochemistry using 320 unsexed 1‐day‐old Ross 308 broiler chickens. The chickens were assigned randomly into four treatments containing eight replicates with 10 chickens each. Treatment diets included a basal diet as a control group, 100 mg/kg PAE, 200 mg/kg PAE, and 100 mg/kg ROE. ROE affected the growth performance in the starter phase by improving (p = .01) the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control diet. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the plasma were elevated (p
... Meanwhile, Naksang et al. (65) discovered that O. basilicum leaves powder had high antibacterial action towards foodborne infectious Grampositive bacteria, specifically Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes, as well as S. aureus. Therefore, E.coli infection could also be reduced by supplementing basil essential oil and in S. Typhimurium and C. perfringens (66)(67)(68). ...
... Finally, the activity of basil and rosemary essential oils has also been demonstrated against multi-resistant clinical strains of Escherichia coli. The results show that both essential oils tested were active against all clinical strains of Escherichia coli, including broad-spectrum β-lactamase-positive bacteria [81]. All of this evidence supports the idea that Rosmarinus officinalis can be used both as an important therapeutic tool and as an adjuvant within cosmetological formulations for its broad-spectrum antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities. ...
The rosemary plant, Rosmarinus officinalis L., one of the main members of the Lamiaceae family, is currently one of the most promising herbal medicines due to its pharmaceutical properties. This research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant role of Rosmarinus officinalis and its bioactive compounds on the skin, with a focus on the newly emerging molecular mechanisms involved, providing extensive scientific evidence of its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound-healing and anticancer activity in dermatological practice. The search was conducted on articles concerning in vitro and in vivo studies in both animals and humans. The results obtained confirm the antioxidant role of R. officinalis. This assumption derives the possibility of using R. officinalis or its bioactive elements for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious skin pathologies. However, although the use of rosemary in the treatment of skin diseases represents a fascinating line of research, future perspectives still require large and controlled clinical trials in order to definitively elucidate the real impact of this plant and its components in clinical practice.
... As mentioned above, the inhibitory effect of rosemary extract in E. coli strains isolated from urine is widely demonstrated. Nevertheless, this pathogen could be distributed in the abdominal cavity, bronchia, wounds, and blood; therefore, rosemary extracts could inhibit the growth of E. coli strains regardless of their location and with a different pattern of resistance [141]. Moreover, EO rosemary has an antibacterial effect against other pathogens, such as S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and P. vulgaris strains, with a MIC of around 0.06 to 0.16 mg/mL. ...
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infectious diseases worldwide. These infections are common in all people; however, they are more prevalent in women than in men. The main microorganism that causes 80–90% of UTIs is Escherichia coli. However, other bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae cause UTIs, and antibiotics are required to treat them. However, UTI treatment can be complicated by antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. Therefore, medicinal plants, such as spices generally added to foods, can be a therapeutic alternative due to the variety of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenes present in their extracts that exert antimicrobial activity. Essential oils extracted from spices have been used to demonstrate their antimicrobial efficacy against strains of pathogens isolated from UTI patients and their synergistic effect with antibiotics. This article summarizes relevant findings on the antimicrobial activity of cinnamon, clove, cumin, oregano, pepper, and rosemary, spices popularly used in Mexico against the uropathogens responsible for UTIs.
... ( It is been concluded from the results of this study that the alcoholic extract of rosemary has different modes of action and exhibited stronger biological activity against Enterobacteriaceae and the alcoholic extract has an effect on the growth of gram negative bacteria, this was in agreement with the study [13]. The plant extract contains active gradients such as glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, cumarin, tannins and saponins which inhibit the enzymes responsible of basal metabolic reactions by their non specific interactions with the proteins leading to denaturation of proteins and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms [14], and [15]. The activity of alcoholic extract of rosemary may be due to the effect of extract on the permeability of cell membrane and the action of bacteria, the activity of all extracts of this plant were contained phenols which have inhibition on the synthesis of cell walls and cell membranes, nucleic acid and protein, as well as on the metabolism of neuclic acid and on the gram positive and negative bacteria and other active ingredients such as tannins, flavonoids which have wide range inhibition on bacteria and fungi [16]. ...
Background : In this study the alcoholic extract of rosemary leaves was used to know their inhibition on the growth of some pathogenic bacteria : Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis in Muller agar using different concentrations of this alcoholic extract( 200 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml). The mean of inhibition zone were measured, and the most effective concentration was on the following bacteria Salmonella typhi , E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. mirablis and K. pneumonia respectively, and when ever the concentration of extract was increasing , the mean of inhibition was increased . It was concluded from the results of this study and other similar studies that the natural herbs were able to control the pathogenic microorganism which were resistant to antibiotic, in addition to the important role of these herbs to develop an effective drugs which are safe and cheap . The aim The main aim of this research was to find out the inhibitory effect of the alcoholic extract of this plant on the following microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis. Methods The strains which are used in this study have been cultured on Mueller Hinton agar then alcoholic extracts of Rosmarinus at concentration 200 mg/ml were added to the agar then the inhibitory effects were considered by measuring the inhibition zone. Results This results shows that inhibitory effect of alcoholic extract was more effective on Salmonella typhimurium then E.coli. P.aeruginosa, P.mirabilis and K.pneumonia respectively. High effect of the alcoholic extracts of plant Rosmarinus on the different type of bacteria investigation of presence of active compounds (Alkaloids, Glycoside, Tannins, Saponine, Resine and Flavonoids) in this plant were carried out.
... Antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-tumor (Halahlah et al., 2021), anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic (Moura et al., 2022) effects are found in its extract or essential oil (Kontogianni et al., 2022). 1,8 cineole (46.4 %), camphor (11.4 %), α-pinene (11.0 %), β-pinene (9.2 %), and camphene (5.2 %) are the primary components of rosemary essential oil (REO), which possesses antibacterial and antifungal properties (Sienkiewicz et al., 2013). The most potent antibacterial compounds have been identified as α-pinene and β-pinene (Halahlah et al., 2021). ...
In this study, an intelligent and active gelatin-based film incorporated with aloe vera gel (AVG), rosemary essential oil (REO), and common poppy (CP) anthocyanins was produced, and its ability to monitor fish freshness was investigated. The film samples were examined by Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction tests. The results showed that adding AVG and REO caused the creation of a uniform surface morphology for film samples. Additionally, the FT-IR spectroscopy indicated the formation of new interactions between the gelatin matrix and additives. The addition of CP anthocyanins significantly improved the crystalline structure and mechanical properties of the gelatin-based films. Moreover, the film incorporated with CP anthocyanins showed considerable sensitivity against pH changes and, ammonia gas and their color changed from reddish to green by increasing pH from 2 to 12. In addition, the gelatin/AVG/REO film containing CP anthocyanins was used for monitoring fish spoilage. The obtained results showed that the color of the intelligent colorimetric film changed from red to green, and its SRGB increased to 39.28 % after 72 h storage. These findings indicated the potential of the developed multifunctional film for use in monitoring the spoilage of food products and extending their shelf life.
