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This article presents sub-band full duplex (SBFD) as a duplexing scheme to improve the uplink (UL) throughput in 5G–Advanced networks, as an alternative to traditional time-division duplexing (TDD). SBFD provides opportunities to transmit and receive simultaneously on non-overlapping frequency resources. To accomplish this, SBFD time slots include...
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... antenna elements, (N g columns, M g rows, and P g polarization dimension) are considered for TDD baseline whereas in SBFD N g × M g × P g antenna elements for reception and a same number of antenna elements for transmission are assumed. Therefore, the total number of antenna elements will be N g × 2M g × P g for SBFD deployment as illustrated in Fig. 3. Digital single-user Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (SU-MIMO) with the dual-stream transmission for DL, and single-stream for UL direction are assumed, using Type-I precoders [22]. At the receiver-side, a linear minimum mean square error interference rejection combining (MMSE-IRC) receiver is assumed ...
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... becomes even lower than legacy UE-to-gNB interference. This indicates that even with sufficient self-and intra-site interference mitigation, the inter-site gNB-to-gNB interference is limiting the SBFD gain on the UL throughput. Self-Interference Intra-site gNB-to-gNB Interference Inter-site gNB-to-gNB Interference UE-to-gNB legacy Interference Fig. 12 and 13 show the average and CDF of the DL user throughput for SBFD compared to TDD, respectively. The reason for the differences in users DL throughput for SBFD and TDD is that TDD configuration allows the packets to be fully transmitted in a shorter time than SBFD due to the larger availability of DL resources in DL slots. On the other hand, ...
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p>The 5G networks revolutionize industrial connectivity, offering reliable, low-latency, and high-bandwidth communication for diverse critical environments, including mining. However, the current uplink capacity of 5G poses limitations for transmitting large data volumes, necessitating the exploration of concurrent wireless solutions. To address th...
p>The 5G networks revolutionize industrial connectivity, offering reliable, low-latency, and high-bandwidth communication for diverse critical environments, including mining. However, the current uplink capacity of 5G poses limitations for transmitting large data volumes, necessitating the exploration of concurrent wireless solutions. To address th...
Citations
... As the requirement of 5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation (5G-ACIA), scenarios referred as indoor factory have been studied in Release 16 and 17, where four sub-scenarios are further distinguished by clutter density and the relative height of the base station (BS). Based on these, many works have been conducted on various conditions to analyze and evaluate system performance for apply 5G in factory [6]- [8]. However, these studies are all simulations that did not consider the complex layouts and harsh operating conditions of real-world environments. ...
The rapid advancement of network communication technologies has unlocked significant potential for advanced manufacturing industries. This new wave of industrial transformation, known as the Industry 4.0 era, is characterized by the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as Fifth Generation mobile communication technology (5G). Experimental commercial 5G deployments in factories have been reported, but these applications are generally limited to specific use cases. At present, there are no foundational standards for 5G in production lines, and its industrial adoption remains in the exploratory phase. This motivates an in-depth investigation into the potential of 5G for practical applications in production workshops, with a particular focus on evaluating its real-time performance in the presence of concurrent operations. This research focuses on the latency and packet loss performance of multi-link communication between multiple programmable logic controllers to evaluate the system’s real-time performance and reliability. By using different scenarios and parameter settings, and introducing other concurrently running services as background interference, it conducts extensive measurements and comprehensively analyzes the behavior of the resulting data. The empirical results indicate that the latency of the 5G system increases with higher load, particularly when concurrent services are running. However, adding more links does not lead to a significant increase in system latency, indicating the system’s robustness. Measured results also demonstrate the system’s high reliability in multi-link setups. The abnormal latency behavior can be caused by increased load and background interference, emphasizing the need for enhancing 5G performance to meet the high real-time requirements of industrial applications.
... This innovative approach signifies a significant progress in the realm of wireless communication systems, enabling enhanced spectral efficiency through full duplex functionality within a Chen Sun is corresponding author. single spectrum [3]. Research efforts in the wireless industry and academia have focused on SBFD operation, encountering various real-world challenges. ...
... Theoretically, compared with half duplex, IBFD can harvest doubled spectrum efficiency if the interference is perfectly suppressed. However, considering the technical challenges and costs of implementing IBFD, subband full duplex (SBFD) emerges as a more feasible solution [7], [13], [14]. SBFD is a preliminary version of full duplex, where DL subband for DL transmission and UL subband for UL transmission are not overlapped. ...
... However, the SBFD performance evaluations focus only on a single SBFD pattern (i.e., SBFD pattern 1 as described in section III of this paper) and a single traffic type. Recently, authors in [14] present precise modeling of different interference types and provide simulation results with rich details. Metrics including average DL and UL user throughput and 5th percentile user throughput are evaluated under different ratio of self-interference (RSI) values to show the performance improvement of the proposed SBFD scheme over traditional TDD schemes. ...
... Compared with TDD, SBFD increases UL transmission opportunities for UL, which further increases UL coverage and UL throughput performance. On top of TDD duplex mode, dynamic TDD is introduced to dynamically update the DL and UL resource partition in time domain, which makes it impossible to avoid co-channel interference between base stations and between UEs [7], [14]. Compared with dynamic TDD, SBFD system can avoid the serve co-channel interference between base stations and between UEs. ...
As an essential technology in the evolution towards full duplex, the subband full duplex (SBFD) operation has attracted significant attention from both the academic and industrial communities, as well as global standardization bodies for its capability to increase the user perceived throughput (UPT) and the uplink coverage, reduce the transmission latency and support various traffics with different requirements in the same cell in time division duplexing (TDD) bands. In this paper, the model of a SBFD based communication system is clearly presented, along with the interference. To facilitate the early deployment of SBFD in 5G-Advanced and 6G networks, comprehensive performance evaluations on UPT, latency and coverage under different scenarios, different SBFD patterns and different traffics are conducted to explore the potential of the SBFD operation. Furthermore, a field test is carried out to verify the practical performance of SBFD in a typical outdoor scenario. Results obtained from both the simulations and field tests demonstrate significant performance gain for SBFD compared with traditional division duplexing schemes, especially for uplink transmissions.
Time-division duplex (TDD) and frequency-division duplex (FDD) are mainly used in commercial new radio (NR) deployments, where the time-or frequency-domain resources are split between downlink (DL) and uplink (UL). Full duplex (FD) will enable 5G-advanced and 6G systems to go beyond TDD and FDD operation into a new duplexing mode that leverages the benefits of both TDD/FDD deployments. It achieves higher throughput and lower latency while enabling flexible UL/DL scheduling. However, there are several challenges that need to be overcome to enable FD operation in large-scale system deployment, including intranode and internode user equipment (UE) and next-generation node B (5G base station) interference along with intercarrier interference. In this article, we present solutions to mitigate self-interference (SI) and cross-link interference (CLI) in 5G-advanced/6G systems, provide system-level evaluations, and discuss the outcome of Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) study item on duplexing evolution. We introduce the concept of subband FD (SBFD) as an effective solution for a macro network to achieve the key features of FD, such as latency reduction and UL link budget improvement. Finally, we present the field test results for the performance of world-first SBFD prototype of high transmit power massive-multi-input–multioutput (MIMO) macro network.
