Figure - available from: Brain Structure and Function
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Consensus modules visualized on a model brain. Nodes are color-coded according to module assignment. Node size is proportional to frequency of occurrence of that node in ISNs. Full details are available in Table S1. The top row shows lateral view; the bottom row shows medial view; and the middle image shows dorsal view
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Language function in the brain, once thought to be highly localized, is now appreciated as relying on a connected but distributed network. The semantic system is of particular interest in the language domain because of its hypothesized integration of information across multiple cortical regions. Previous work in healthy individuals has focused on g...
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The Inferior Frontal Occipital Fasciculus (IFOF) is a major anterior-to-posterior white matter pathway in the ventral human brain that connects parietal, temporal and occipital regions to frontal cortex. It has been implicated in a range of functions, including language, semantics, inhibition and the control of action. Recent research shows that th...
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Semantic verbal fluency (SVF) impairment is present in several neurological disorders. Although activation in SVF-related areas has been reported, how these regions are connected and their functional roles in the network remain divergent. We assessed SVF static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) and effective connectivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy participants. We observed activation in the inferior frontal (IFG), middle temporal (pMTG) and angular gyri (AG), anterior cingulate (AC), insular cortex, and regions of the superior, middle, and medial frontal gyri (SFG, MFG, MidFG). Our static FC analysis showed a highly interconnected network for task and resting state. Increased connectivity of AC with the pMTG and AG was observed for the task. The dynamic FC analysis provided circuits with connections similarly modulated across time and regions related to category identification, language comprehension, word selection and recovery, word generation, inhibition of speaking, speech planning, and articulatory planning of orofacial movements. Finally, the effective connectivity analysis provided a network that best explained our data, starting at the AG and going to the pMTG, from which there was a division between the ventral and dorsal routes. The SFG and MFG regions were connected and modulated by the MidFG, while the inferior regions formed the ventral route. Therefore, we successfully assessed the SVF network exploring regions associated with the entire processing, from category identification to word generation. The methodological approach can be helpful for further investigation of the SVF network in neurological disorders.
