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Conflict severity in four cases
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This article focuses on a key aspect of the EC Qualification Directive, namely, the grounds of eligibility for subsidiary protection. These grounds rest on a test for the risk of ‘serious harm’ were the applicant to be returned to his or her country of origin. If a genuine risk of harm is found, then the applicant would qualify for protection. Arti...
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This paper reviews the history of the introduction of the concept of human security into security discourses in the Philippines. Gasper's (2005, 2010) understanding of the concept as a " boundary object " and its roles inside and between discourses, are especially considered for the study. We start by briefly describing the way the concept emerged...
Citations
... Nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, o cenário internacional foi marcado por políticas restritivas de definição de refugiados nos países ocidentais, mormente porque o tema passou a ser compreendido como questão de segurança (Von Sternberg, 2002). Havia a resistência dos Estados de considerar os refugiados como consequências de guerras e não resultante de problemas de perseguição no sentido clássico do artigo 1.º da Convenção de 1951 (Lambert;Farrell, 2010). Realmente, situações de conflitos armados produzem deslocamento forçado de pessoas em grande escala e nenhum país está interessado em receber uma multidão de refugiados, justamente por uma questão de segurança da ordem interna (Kälin, 1991). ...
... Isso ocorre porque os instrumentos jurídicos internacionais jamais foram capazes de tutelar todos aqueles que precisam de proteção internacional, ou de fornecer a gama de direitos para os que não se enquadram na conceituação de refugiado, estabelecida pela Convenção de 1951 (Van Garderen;Ebenstein, 2010). Portanto, em face do vácuo legal, na proteção dos refugiados de guerra, busca-se, em termos de tutela, instituir uma convergência entre as normas de Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos (DIDH) e de Direito Internacional Humanitário (DIH) (Lambert;Farrell, 2010). ...
... Isso ocorre porque os instrumentos jurídicos internacionais jamais foram capazes de tutelar todos aqueles que precisam de proteção internacional, ou de fornecer a gama de direitos para os que não se enquadram na conceituação de refugiado, estabelecida pela Convenção de 1951 (Van Garderen;Ebenstein, 2010). Portanto, em face do vácuo legal, na proteção dos refugiados de guerra, busca-se, em termos de tutela, instituir uma convergência entre as normas de Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos (DIDH) e de Direito Internacional Humanitário (DIH) (Lambert;Farrell, 2010). ...
Este artigo tem por propósito analisar a possibilidade das normas de Direito Internacional Humanitário servirem como uma extensão da tutela concedida aos refugiados, sobretudo os decorrentes de conflitos armados. A Convenção para os Refugiados de 1951, bem como o Protocolo Adicional de 1967, não fazem menção aos refugiados de guerra. Logo, a solução recai por meio da análise sistemática do artigo 1.º da Convenção de 1951, à luz do artigo 31(3) (c) da Convenção de Viena de 1969. Por fim, ressalta-se que se optou pelo método dedutivo-hipotético e de pesquisas de natureza bibliográfica e documental.
... After the Cold War, traditional security concerns were replaced by a new dimension on the academic study of war that focused on -new security challenges associated with the decline of centralized state institutions and the dissolution of federal states. In response, the focus of Strategic Studies broadened to include internal as well as international armed conflict‖ (Lambert and Farrell 2010). This marked shift is important to refugee law, as it recognizes the increased occurrences of cross-border conflict, and the resulting refugee crises that are the result. ...
The Indian culture has a long history of valuing diversity. It has consistently emphasised the importance of embracing diversity and promoting acceptance of racial, cultural, linguistic, and
religious differences. The concept of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam – viewing the world as a single family – is deeply ingrained in Indian philosophy and reflects this all-encompassing ethos without bias or hierarchy. This paper examines India’s historical practice of providing refuge to those persecuted by their government. It also examines how India integrated and rehabilitated a large influx of people during the post-partition era and how its current management of Rohingya refugees can be re-evaluated within the framework of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam. The Rohingya issue serves as a poignant backdrop for re-evaluating approaches
to refugee rights. This paper delves into the intersection of refugee rights and Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, elucidating how India’s response to the Rohingya predicament can be reshaped
to prioritise empathy, interconnectedness, and collective responsibility. This study further explores refugee rights through an analysis of recent judgments from India’s Supreme Court
and High Courts.
Based on a systematic and empirical comparative study of six European Union countries, Christel Querton explores judicial decision-making in the context of persons fleeing armed conflicts in the EU. Addressing and redressing misconceptions about the relevance of the Refugee Convention, this book demonstrates how appellate authorities across the EU approach situations of armed conflict predominantly through outdated understandings of warfare and territoriality. Thus, they apply a higher standard of proof than is warranted by international refugee law. Adopting a gender perspective, Querton also shows how appellate authorities fail to acknowledge the gender-differentiated impact of armed conflicts. Drawing from gender and security studies, this book proposes an original conceptual framework which, supported by existing international legal standards, reframes the definition of 'refugee' and better reflects the reality of violence in modern-day conflicts. In doing so, it re-asserts the Refugee Convention as the cornerstone of international protection.
The impact of violence and conflict on refugee status determination and international protection is a key developing field. Given the contemporary dynamics of armed conflict, how to interpret and apply the refugee definitions at global and regional levels is increasingly relevant to governmental policy-makers, decision-makers, legal practitioners, academics and students. This book will provide a comprehensive analysis of the global and regional refugee instruments as they apply to claimants in flight from situations of armed violence and conflict, exploring their interrelationship and how they are interpreted and applied (or should be applied). As part of a broader United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees project to develop guidelines on the interpretation and application of international refugee law instruments to claimants fleeing armed conflict and other situations of violence, it includes contributions from leading scholars and practitioners in this field as well as emerging authors with specific expertise.
The impact of violence and conflict on refugee status determination and international protection is a key developing field. Given the contemporary dynamics of armed conflict, how to interpret and apply the refugee definitions at global and regional levels is increasingly relevant to governmental policy-makers, decision-makers, legal practitioners, academics and students. This book will provide a comprehensive analysis of the global and regional refugee instruments as they apply to claimants in flight from situations of armed violence and conflict, exploring their interrelationship and how they are interpreted and applied (or should be applied). As part of a broader United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees project to develop guidelines on the interpretation and application of international refugee law instruments to claimants fleeing armed conflict and other situations of violence, it includes contributions from leading scholars and practitioners in this field as well as emerging authors with specific expertise.
This article is an output of a major research project examining the notion of imminence in the law on international protection. It is the first piece of scholarship to identify an emerging trend, namely the introduction of imminence—whether invoked implicitly or explicitly—as a potential barrier to refugee status or complementary protection. The article analyses the jurisprudence of relevant international bodies and courts and critiques the validity of this notion as a tool for assessing States’ protection obligations.
Citation: Goodwin-Gill, Guy S. and Einarsen, Terje and Engedahl, Marthe and Inder, Claire and Azhigulova, Khalida and Marques, Rodolfo and Fourer, Margarita and Koo, John (2017) The Future of Refugee Law: RLI Working Paper Series Special Edition (Papers 16–22) Abstract: UN Security Council can and has issued exhortatory resolutions on resettlement (to a third country). Only local resettlement resolutions have been obligatory, establishing opinion juris. Practically, UNSC resolutions could be triggers in long-standing burden-sharing resettlement arrangements. Alternatively, third country resettlement can be added to peacekeeping resolutions or an UNMEER-style resettlement mission could be established. These measures would be incentivised through mitigating accrued or future peacekeeping mission debt.
