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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a revolutionary manufacturing technique that can fabricate a 3D object by depositing materials layer by layer. Different materials such as metals, polymers, and concretes are generally used for 3D printing. In order to make 3D printing sustainable, researchers are working on the use of different bioderived materia...
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... The most common type of 3D printing technology is fused deposition modeling (FDM), which mainly melts thermoplastic materials into semi-fluids, then prints them into a layer of 2D form through nozzles, and finally superimposes them layer by layer to form a 3D structure [17,18]. The semi-fluid material solidifies naturally at room temperature. ...
Currently, bone tissue engineering is a research hotspot in the treatment of orthopedic diseases, and many problems in orthopedics can be solved through bone tissue engineering, which can be used to treat fractures, bone defects, arthritis, etc. More importantly, it can provide an alternative to traditional bone grafting and solve the problems of insufficient autologous bone grafting, poor histocompatibility of grafts, and insufficient induced bone regeneration. Growth factors are key factors in bone tissue engineering by promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, which in turn increases the efficiency of osteogenesis and bone regeneration. 3D printing technology can provide carriers with better pore structure for growth factors to improve the stability of growth factors and precisely control their release. Studies have shown that 3D-printed scaffolds containing growth factors provide a better choice for personalized treatment, bone defect repair, and bone regeneration in orthopedics, which are important for the treatment of orthopedic diseases and have potential research value in orthopedic applications. This paper aims to summarize the research progress of 3D printed scaffolds containing growth factors in orthopedics in recent years and summarize the use of different growth factors in 3D scaffolds, including bone morphogenetic proteins, platelet-derived growth factors, transforming growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factors, etc. Optimization of material selection and the way of combining growth factors with scaffolds are also discussed.
... It works on the principle of material extrusion process (Jiang & Fu, 2020). In FDM, Polymer materials in the form of filaments are supplied to the nozzle, where they are heated, melted and extruded through it in a semi solid state (Wasti & Adhikari, 2020). This extruded semi solid-state material gets bound with the earlier printed layer and solidifies within the less possible time. ...
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is becoming the leading innovation in many fields due to its ease in generating a 3D object by adding one layer of material over the other from a source of Computer Aided Design (CAD) model as input file. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one among the technologies available in AM, which works on material extrusion process for which the material is served in filament shape. The practice of utilizing the resources effectively by meeting the requirements of subsequent generations is internationally referred to as Sustainable Manufacturing (SM). It deals with the issues that impact the economy, society and environment. Green manufacturing approaches like reduce, reuse and recycle theories are linked with 3D Printing. In this paper research has been conducted on the studies of sustainability of the parts produced on FDM for ASTM D638 Type- IV standard tensile test specimen to optimize the process parameters for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material by using Design of Experiments (DOE) through Taguchi technique and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The variables considered are print speed, orientation, layer thickness and print temperature and the responses studied are energy consumption, CO2 emission, dimensional accuracy, surface roughness and mechanical properties. The primary aim of this research is to reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emission without compromising mechanical properties, in order to achieve sustainability by finding the optimum values for the input process parameters.
... Fused deposition molding (FDM) : Fused deposition molding is a 3D printing technology widely used in rapid prototyping and custom production (Wasti, 2020). Thermoplastic filament is used as the starting material and fused and extruded for layer upon layer bonding to create 3D objects. ...
Structural lightweight design is the process of reducing the amount of material in a component to reduce its overall weight without sacrificing reliability or function. It is the most common application in aerospace, automotive manufacturing and Marine ships, and has received extensive attention from the industry and academia. TPMS combined with 3D printing technology can realize the integrated production of porous structures, solve the problem of processing micro-size material components, and is an important technical support in the process of structural lightweight. In this paper, by designing different TPMS porous structures and optimizing the 3D printing parameters process, polylactic acid (PLA) was successfully printed by material fusion deposition molding (FDM) method, and the tensile and compression characteristics of different structures were analyzed through mechanical properties testing. The experimental results show: The print specimen is divided into three stages in the whole tensile process, which are elastic stage, yield stage and fracture stage, and the failure form is brittle failure. Among them, the tensile properties of D structure are the best, while the tensile properties of F-RD structure and N structure are relatively poor. The printed specimen has two forms in the whole compression stage process, FRD structure and D structure have three stages, that is, the rising stage, the gentle stage, the second rising stage, and the N structure has only two stages, that is, the rising stage and the second rising stage. Among them, F-RD structure and D structure have relatively good compression performance, The shape variables are all about 55% under 13MPa, while N structure has poor compression performance, At 13MPa, the shape variable is only 15%. The type D sample has horizontal pore type, the more uniform the stress is, and the lower the number of stress concentration sites in the same position interface, the better tensile and compressive properties. FRD sample has large pores, but the number is small, the force is more uniform, and the overall tensile and compressive properties are slightly lower than D sample. N-type samples have the largest number of pores, small pores and large distribution area. In the same section, there are many stress concentration locations, which seriously affect the tensile and compressive properties, so the N-type tensile and compressive properties are the worst.
... Future work could focus on developing high-throughput automated systems to integrate 3D printing and biopolymers, allowing for further control over the deposition of biopolymer-based materials. 104 In conventional manufacturing processes like milling, grinding, and machining, products are created by subtracting material from large stocks or sheets, which may be insufficient for producing small and intricately designed items. The limitations of traditional manufacturing are addressed by the 3D printing process, which 14 -FOOD BIOMACROMOLECULES constructs highly complex parts by layering materials with minimal waste. ...
Biopolymers, derived from renewable resources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, are emerging as sustainable alternatives to traditional petroleum‐based polymers. The review examines the key characteristics of biopolymers, including their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and potential for carbon neutrality. These characteristics are crucial for determining their suitability for different packaging applications and their potential to reduce environmental pollution. While acknowledging the promise of biopolymers, the review also addresses challenges such as production costs, scalability issues, and performance limitations. Strategies to enhance biopolymer performance, including plasticization, blending, and nanomaterial reinforcement, are discussed. Interestingly, the review highlights the emerging field of active and intelligent packaging systems, which incorporate antimicrobial agents and sensors to extend shelf life and monitor food quality in real‐time. The review emphasizes the importance of life cycle assessments in evaluating the overall environmental impact of biopolymer‐based packaging compared to conventional alternatives. In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the current state of biopolymer research and identifies areas for future investigation. By synthesizing current knowledge, identifying challenges, and highlighting opportunities, this review contributes to ongoing efforts to create a more sustainable and circular packaging industry.
... 3D printing is a technology called additive manufacturing, in which 3D products can be created based on the designed 3D model by depositing materials layer by layer in the 3D printing apparatus [1,2]. It is also considered a technology that drives the world's rapid development and has an over-whelming impact on our daily lives. ...
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology facilitates the direct creation of intricate objects from computer-aided digital designs. This method offers an efficient means to integrate all essential components by leveraging biomaterials, advanced printing techniques, and innovative cell delivery methods. As 3D printing becomes increasingly prevalent in research, commercial, and domestic spheres, the demand for high-quality polymer filaments continues to rise. Biopolymers, which are widely accessible, low- or nontoxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, chemically versatile, and inherently useful, hold significant potential for diverse applications including biomedicine, food, textiles, and cosmetics. Recent studies have examined the 3D printing of polylactic acid (PLA) using biopolymers such as cellulose, lignin, chitosan, starch, collagen, and gelatin. These biodegradable composites outperform non-biodegradable counterparts in various applications, enhance the properties of PLA, and offer environmental benefits. Thus, a thorough understanding of the 3D printing process for these biocomposites is essential for their production. This review classifies PLA/biopolymer 3D printing materials, details the materials and processing technologies, and discusses their applications. Furthermore, it explores the roles and characteristics of specific filler materials in PLA-based biocomposites and their effects as fillers.
... Therefore, this technology is applied to manufacturing processes in addition to building prototype molds [1]. Microfluidics chips have recently been created using a variety of 3D printing methods, the most popular ones being stereolithography [2,3], fused deposition modeling (FDM) [4,5], and photopolymer inkjet printing [6]. ...
... 126 Ecology [26] The review presents the latest advances in the application of the fused deposition method in 3D printing using biomaterials. In particular, the properties and characteristics of biopolymers, their composites and polymers containing biofillers are discussed. ...
The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the use of 3D Concrete printing (3DCP) technology to create urban infrastructure facilities according to sustainable development principles. The work includes a study of scientific articles on the subject area under consideration, a survey of additive construction market participants, as well as an analysis and generalization of promising areas for technology development and methods for improving the quality of objects erected using 3DCP. As part of the conducted literature review, publications included in the Scopus database for the period 2015–2024 were selected for analysis using the keywords ‘Sustainable development + 3DCP’ and ‘Sustainable construction + 3DCP’. The following conclusions were made: (i) the most popular publications are review articles about the development of materials and technologies for 3DCP and (ii) the most sought-after are the studies in the field of partial application of 3DCP technology, existing equipment and materials for 3DCP, and assessment of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 3DCP use. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed consisting of three blocks: equipment and technologies; structures and materials for 3DCP; the ecology and economics of 3DCP applicability. As a result, four main risks have been identified, which represent promising areas for 3DCP development.
... The process involves creating three-dimensional objects from a digital file, typically by adding material layer by layer [17]. Various types of 3D printing exist, including stereolithography (SLA) [18], fused deposition modeling (FDM) [19], and selective laser sintering (SLS) [20], each with its unique strengths and suitable applications (Figure 1). One significant limitation is the relatively long processing time required for the completion of the printing process [22]. ...
... Its versatility is evident in its wide range of applications, from crafting presurgical dental models to aiding intricate surgical procedures [24]. On the other hand, FDM offers distinct benefits that make it a popular choice in many applications [19]. Notably, FDM exhibits a high production speed, making it suitable for rapid prototyping and smallscale manufacturing (Figure 1b). ...
Orthognathic surgery, specifically, is a subset of oral and maxillofacial surgery that focuses on correcting diseases and disorders affecting the structure of the jaw and face, sleep patterns, TMJ disorders, malocclusion problems owing to skeletal disharmonies, and other orthodontic problems that cannot be easily treated with orthodontics [1]. These surgeries aim to improve chewing, speaking, and breathing functionality while enhancing the patient’s appearance [2]. On the other hand, oral maxillofacial surgery is a broader field that not only includes orthognathic surgery but also concerns the treatment of diseases and injuries of both the functional and aesthetic aspects of the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region [3]. This can range from the removal of impacted teeth and administering of complex facial reconstructions to the treatment of oral cancer, cleft lip and palate, and chronic facial pain disorders. These fields require an in-depth understanding of the interplay between aesthetics and function, and the complex anatomical structures and their relationships in the craniomaxillofacial region [4]. Surgeons specializing in these areas combine their expertise in dentistry, surgery, and general medicine to provide comprehensive care for patients.
... For example, research has examined how different FDM process parameters influence the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts, offering valuable insights into optimizing printing conditions for improved performance [8]. Additionally, the use of biomaterials in fused deposition modeling (FDM) enables the creation of biocompatible and bioresorbable structures, which have applications in healthcare and other fields [9]. Furthermore, the integration of bio-waste fillers into PLA composites has been explored, revealing their effects on mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties and advancing sustainable material development [10]. ...
Today, around the world, there is huge demand for natural materials that are biodegradable and possess suitable properties. Natural fibers reveal distinct aspects like the combination of good mechanical and thermal properties that allow these types of materials to be used for different applications. However, fibers alone cannot meet the required expectations; design modifications and a wide variety of combinations must be synthesized and evaluated. It is of great importance to research and develop materials that are bio-degradable and widely available. The combination of PLA+, a bio-based polymer, with natural fillers like sawdust and soybean oil offers a novel way to create sustainable composites. It reduces the reliance on petrochemical-based plastics while enhancing the material’s properties using renewable resources. This study explores the creation of continuous hexagonal-shaped 3D-printed PLA+ samples and the application of post-print fillers, specifically sawdust and soybean oil. PLA+ is recognized for its eco-friendliness and low carbon footprint, and incorporating a hexagonal pattern into the 3D-printed PLA+ enhances its structural strength while maintaining its density. The addition of fillers is crucial for reducing shrinkage and improving binding capabilities, addressing some of PLA+’s inherent challenges and enhancing its load-bearing capacity and performance at elevated temperatures. Additionally, this study examines the impact of varying filler percentages and pattern orientations on the mechanical properties of the samples, which were printed with an infill design.
... Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely used additive manufacturing technique in 3D printing known for its efficiency and versatility [18], [19]. is method involves heating a thermoplastic filament, typically ABS or PLA, to its melting point and extruding it through a nozzle onto a build platform in precise layers to form the desired object [20], [21]. FDM offers several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, high precision, and the ability to create complex geometries with ease [22]. ...
... Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) in 3D printing relies on various critical parameters to achieve precise and dependable fabrication [21]- [23]. ese parameters encompass layer height, nozzle diameter, printing speed, extruder temperature, bed temperature, infill pattern, infill density, and material type. ...
Additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the manufacturing sector, particularly with the advent of 3D printing technology, which allows for the creation of customized, cost-effective, and waste-free products. However, concerns about the strength and reliability of 3D-printed products persist. This study focuses on the impact of three crucial variables—infill density, printing speed, and infill pattern—on the strength of PLA+ 3D-printed products. Our goal is to optimize these parameters to enhance product strength without compromising efficiency. We employed Charpy impact testing and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to analyze the effects of these variables in combination. Charpy impact testing provides a measure of material toughness, while RSM allows for the optimization of multiple interacting factors. Our experimental design included varying the infill density from low to high values, adjusting printing speeds from 70mm/s to 100mm/s, and using different infill patterns such as cubic and others. Our results show that increasing infill density significantly boosts product strength but also requires more material and longer processing times. Notably, we found that when the infill density exceeds 50%, the printing speed can be increased to 100mm/s without a notable reduction in strength, offering a balance between durability and production efficiency. Additionally, specific infill patterns like cubic provided better strength outcomes compared to others. These findings provide valuable insights for developing stronger and more efficient 3D-printed products using PLA+ materials. By optimizing these parameters, manufacturers can produce high-strength items more efficiently, thereby advancing the capabilities and applications of 3D printing technology in various industries.