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A sustainable design of production systems is essential for the future viability of the economy. In this context, biointelligent production systems (BIS) are currently considered one of the most innovative paths for a comprehensive reorientation of existing industrial patterns. BIS are intended to enable a highly localized on-demand production of p...
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... Thereupon, a coherent theoretical model of ISZ was derived. Similar approaches are well-documented in the literature [38,39]. ...
Implementing sustainability strategies is essential for the future viability of companies. While companies have been focusing intensively on the operationalization of efficiency and consistency for quite some time, sufficiency approaches are rare. As a result, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of the concept, its inherent potential, as well as a lack of basic implementation concepts for strategies, management systems, and product and process development. Based on a literature review using Scopus and Web of Science according to the PRISMA approach, this paper develops a definition for the concept of industrial sufficiency and presents three general industrial sufficiency strategies (frugality, longevity, and specificity) regarding three distinct business determinants (product, production, and business model). The investigation shows that not only can there be overlaps between the three general sustainability strategies (efficiency, consistency, and sufficiency) but that individual measures are also mutually dependent at different levels. In addition, significant conflicts of objectives for implementation in industrial practice are revealed.
... The aim of this work is, thus, to execute subjectively perceived sections of reality by describing and defining concepts, to abstract on the basis of individual cases and to develop alternative courses of action for the realization of future realities. By identifying essential issues of integrated bio-additive manufacturing [32,33]. Figure 1 illustrates the procedure used. ...
... The results of the literature review were reviewed in relation to previous studies. Similar approaches are well-documented in the literature [32,33]. Figure 1 illustrates the procedure used. ...
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a decisive element in the sustainable transformation of technologies. And yet its inherent potential has not been fully utilized. In particular, the use of biological materials represents a comparatively new dimension that is still in the early stages of deployment. In order to be considered sustainable and contribute to the circular economy, various challenges need to be overcome. Here, the literature focusing on sustainable, circular approaches is reviewed. It appears that existing processes are not yet capable of being used as circular economy technologies as they are neither able to process residual and waste materials, nor are the produced products easily biodegradable. Enzymatic approaches, however, appear promising. Based on this, a novel concept called enzyme-assisted circular additive manufacturing was developed. Various process combinations using enzymes along the process chain, starting with the preparation of side streams, through the functionalization of biopolymers to the actual printing process and post-processing, are outlined. Future aspects are discussed, stressing the necessity for AM processes to minimize or avoid the use of chemicals such as solvents or binding agents, the need to save energy through lower process temperatures and thereby reduce CO2 consumption, and the necessity for complete biodegradability of the materials used.
... In this context, numerous authors predict a potential change of value creation design towards a more decentralized production of goods due to the increasing introduction of biomanufacturing technologies within a sustainable bioeconomy [14][15][16]. This idea culminates in the vision of biointelligent manufacturing that identifies major opportunities for on-site production through the increasing convergence of bio-, hardand software in production technologies [17][18][19][20]. Biointelligent manufacturing systems realize the entire energetic and material value creation steps, including recycling, at a single location [19]. ...
... This idea culminates in the vision of biointelligent manufacturing that identifies major opportunities for on-site production through the increasing convergence of bio-, hardand software in production technologies [17][18][19][20]. Biointelligent manufacturing systems realize the entire energetic and material value creation steps, including recycling, at a single location [19]. Early technological examples of such systems include advanced therapy medicinal products manufacturing or biologics. ...
... [21][22][23], new forms of food production [24][25][26][27], and so-called waste-to-X systems [28]. Fig. 1 illustrates the shift of focus of value creation according to Miehe et al. [19] Fig. 1: Shift of focus of value creation according to Miehe et al. [19] While the concept of decentralization has been discussed in various scientific disciplines since the 18 th century, partially linked to the question of how to produce with fewer resources [29], up to now it appears somewhat vague in the context of biointelligent manufacturing. This paper thus addresses two unresolved research questions: (1) Is decentralization actually evident in research and practice in the context of evolving biointelligent manufacturing technologies? ...
... One level deeper, such a factory can be characterized as a bundle of intelligent production systems or production units. However, biointelligent production is increasingly promoting the type of on-site production, as it can be a sustainable production method in many aspects [34,35]. The production units have to be as decentralized as possible, with the goal of proximity to the user or the location of use. ...
Biointelligent systems are among the most important enablers for a sustainable transformation of industry. The convergence of bioware, hardware and software generates completely new system architectures that allow products to be manufactured and utilized more decentralized, autonomous, and demand-driven. With the increasing amount of (heterogeneous) production data required for this and the need for real-time capability, the importance of edge computing is growing. To fulfill the demand for edge computing, the requirement for intelligent high-end embedded systems, together with an operating system, for future production has grown.
After a series of recent publications describing the basic principles of the necessary information technology networking of biological and technical systems, we introduce the concept of a biointelligent, embedded system, discuss its need for an operating system and place it in a larger system context. By comparing the use of embedded operating systems in digital product systems, necessities of an operating system in biointelligent systems are derived, e.g. managing resources, guaranteeing real-time processing, mastering complexity, ensuring usability and increasing security. Upon the evaluation of the fulfillment of existing embedded operating systems to these necessities, we derive white spots for future research.
... In an attempt to further strengthen the link between biointelligence and sustainability, Miehe et al. introduce the concept of implicit biointelligence (i.e., sustainability-oriented approach) [28,29]. As opposed to explicit biointelligence (bioconvergence approach), it is expressed in an intelligent (i.e., rational) handling of biological resources. ...
... In contrast, the launched EU Horizon projects 'BioProS' (Biointelligent Production Sensor to Measure Viral Activity) and 'BIOS' (The bio-intelligent DBTL cycle, a key enabler catalyzing the industrial transformation towards a sustainable bio-manufacturing) rely on the presence of a biological component respectively on the combination of bio-, information-and automation technology [34,35]. This likewise applies to several conceptual foundations for this published by Miehe et al., including considerations on biologytechnology-interfaces, the transferability of concepts such as digital twins and embedded systems, and a framework for life cycle management [15,16,29,36]. ...
... In the past five years, comprehensive concepts of biologicalization of industrial value creation have emerged [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Their common approach is the convergence of biological and technical systems and, in part, the substitution of technical by biological systems. ...
... Besides the technical (explicit) understanding, i. e., the convergence of bio-, hard-and software, a new normative framework, which aims at sustainability along the entire life cycles in biointelligent manufacturing, is required [8]. Thereby, the overarching objective is prudent management of natural resources. ...
... Vice versa, (2) from the point of view of biotechnological production, bioprocess engineering methods are to be improved in quality, efficiency and process understanding with the help of cyber-physical systems (e. g., bioreactors and biofoundries). Based on previous work [1,3,4,5,8,17,18,19], extensive literature research, more than ten workshops of the authors, as well as three workshops with more than 20 experts in production technologies, life science and computer science, we have deducted three main research topics for the categorization of research projects. ...
... By improving not only the efficiency of the production output but also the consumption of resources, the ultra-efficiency enables a simultaneous increase in eco-efficiency while realizing eco-effectiveness [24][25][26]. Influenced by the emerging potentials of digital and biological transformation [27,28], new methods and opportunities are enabling the future development of the ultra-efficiency factory. Contrary to other approaches, the ultra-efficiency factory reveals existing and emerging conflicting goals in an early stage with the help of its holistic consideration [25]. ...
The sustainable design of production systems is essential for the industry’s future viability. In this context, the concept of positive impact factories has recently evolved, striving for a completely loss-free factory benefiting positively its surroundings. To establish a holistic view of this approach in everyday corporate life, it is necessary to develop a management policy with defined process flows in the sense of a dedicated management system. This paper thus reviews the scientific literature on (sustainable) management systems and develops a tailored management system for the example of the ultra-efficiency factory. In doing so, we specifically combine and complement established management systems such as environmental, energy and quality management, as well as compliance, maintenance, and lean management. In order to define an applicable framework, the basic considerations presented here were developed in cooperation with and reviewed by a large German automotive supplier. Thereupon, the results are discussed with regard to the future implementation of the system, and starting points for future research are derived.
... The keywords for the search process resulted from a panel of three experts in the fields of production engineering, business accounting and sustainable engineering, who also reviewed the literature selection. Similar approaches are well documented in the literature [19,20]. The synthesis ofthe results provides the basis for the developed accounting system. ...
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is increasingly being applied in corporate accounting. Recently, especially carbon footprinting (CF) has been adopted as ‘LCA light’ in accordance with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. According to the strategy ‘balance, reduce, substitute, compensate’, the approach is intended to provide the basis for optimization towards climate neutrality. However, two major problems arise: (1) due to the predominant focus on climate neutrality, other decisive life-cycle impact categories are often ignored, resulting in a misrecognition of potential trade-offs, and (2) LCA is not perceived as an equal method alongside cost and value-added accounting in everyday business, as it relies on a fundamentally different system understanding. In this paper, we present basic considerations for merging the business and life-cycle perspectives and introduce a novel accounting system that combines elements of traditional operational value-added accounting, process and material flow analysis as well as LCA. The method is based on an extended system thinking, a set of principles, a calculation system, and external cost factors for the impact categories climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, air pollution, eutrophication and acidification. As a scientifically robust assessment method, the presented approach is intended to be applied in everyday operations in manufacturing companies, providing a foundation for a fundamental change in industrial thought patterns on the way to the total avoidance of negative environmental impacts (i.e., environmental neutrality). Therefore, this is validated in two application examples in the German special tools industry, proving its practicability and reproducibility as well as the suitability of specifically derived indicators for the selective optimization of production systems.
... In Germany, industry directly follows the energy sector, with 24% of greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 [4]. In addition to a more sustainable design of production systems as an essential prerequisite for the future viability of the economy, e.g., through biointelligent production [5][6][7], the progressive transformation towards renewable energy sources and sustainable converter and storage technologies is also considered a key objective for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the widespread implementation of such future technologies faces various difficulties such as the use of critical and scarce materials such as platinum, lithium, or iridium [8][9][10]. ...
The benefits of energy flexibility measures have not yet been conclusively assessed from an ecological, economic, and social perspective. Until now, analysis has focused on the influence of changes in the energy system and the ecological and economic benefits of these. Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform a life cycle sustainability assessment of energy flexibility measures on the use case of a bivalent crucible melting furnace in comparison with a monovalent one for aluminum light metal die casting. The system boundary was based on a cradle-to-gate approach in Germany and includes the production of the necessary process technologies and energy infrastructure and the utilization phase of the crucible melting furnaces in non-ferrous metallurgy. The LCSA is performed for different economic and environmental scenarios over a 25-year lifetime to account for potential adjustments in the energy system and volatile energy prices. In summary, it can be said that over the entire service life, no complete ecological, economic, and social advantage of energy flexibility measures through a bivalent system can be demonstrated. Only a temporarily better life cycle sustainability performance of the bivalent furnace can be shown. All results must be considered with the caveat that the bivalent crucible melting furnace has not yet been investigated in actual operation and the calculations of the utilization phase are based on the monovalent crucible melting furnace. To further sharpen the results, more research is needed and the use of actual data for bivalent operation.
... In this context, e.g. biointelligent production (which also represents novel challenges for management) is currently considered as one of the most innovative ways for a comprehensive reorientation of existing industrial patterns [1,46,47]. ...
Sustainability increasingly becomes a focus of production management. Consequently, we introduced the concept of Eco Lean Management (ELM) to the scientific community about five years ago. The concept is designed to synergistically implement and constantly optimize ecological criteria alongside economic aspects within a holistic framework of day-to-day operations in manufacturing companies. By facing issues at the economic-ecological interface on a daily basis, managers and employees are sensitized for a sustainable development of the manufacturing environment. After ELM has found its way into multiple companies, we review recent progress and discuss perspectives on a micro and macro level. We demonstrate that the systematic introduction of the concept in four factories continues to have considerable synergetic optimization potential. However, we find that its impact on the overall economic sustainability of production will remain low, even in an optimistic forecast
