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Concentration of Uranium in air by Distance from Fukushima shortly after the explosions. Data from US EPA RADNET.
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Nuclear energy and nuclear weapons have been historically connected in Japan and elsewhere. Japan’s nuclear energy program, particularly, its breeder reactor program and used fuel reprocessing, has been directly linked to its national security. This chapter explores how nuclear energy became an important foundation of Japan’s national security and...
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Context 1
... that is the origin of the genetic effects which are the cause of the illnesses. One other way is when the exposure is to micron sized particles, so-called hot particles (but also not-so-hot particles). These were detected after Fukushima in Tokyo, and as far away as Hawaii and California. The ionization density near such particles is very great. Fig. 1 shows a graph of the concentration of Uranium after Fukushima by distance from Japan. This shows the presence of Uranium particles in air, being breathed in. But these particles can be so small they effectively act as a gas and can pass though the skin. An analogy would be comparing sitting in front of a warm coal fire and absorbing X ...
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... has a high level of sea food, shellfish and fish. In Fig. 5 I show an 100 image of the alpha tracks from particles contaminating an edible mussel from the Irish Sea near the Sellafield nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. Alpha particle tracks in CR39 plastic from hot particles in an edible mussel from Ravenglass near the Sellafield plant in the UK. Fig. 1. Mytilus edulis. This section across the lumen of the intestine of Ravenglass individuals, illustrating the presence of hot particles recorded in CR39 detector superimposed upon this section. Exposure period 166 d Fig. 2. Mytilus edulis. Distribution of α activity in a transverse kidney section of Ravenglass individuals, illustrating ...
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... period 166 d. Procedures as in Figure 1 Worst Case Scenario Because of the way in which ocean currents and atmospheric air movements operate, I do not think that there will be any measurable effect in the Southern hemisphere, and the concentrations in Europe of the Fukushima material (which we monitored and even measured) were too low to cause any effects. Unlike the atmospheric test fallout, Fukushima is mostly a local affair. ...
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