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Concentration of Flavonoids in Different Parts of Azadirachta indica, Albizia coriaria and Tylosema fassoglensis
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The present study elucidates antidiabetic potential of Loranthus longiflorus in an alloxan-induced rabbit model, taken from Azadirachta indica and Albizzia lebbeck trees, which serve as hosts for this parasitic woody shrub. Phytochemical screening suggested the presence of alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids as major secondary metabolites. The meth...
Citations
... Studies have indicated that the protein, moisture, crude fiber, and ash content of Tylosema fassoglense is higher than in Tylosema Esculentum [24]. Laboratory studies have also assessed its phytochemical content, identifying the presence of phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids in the roots of the plant, which indicate the species' possible medicinal properties [25]. Ethnobotanical surveys have shown that some local communities use the species for antenatal care for pregnant women [26,27]. ...
... For example, ethnobotanical knowledge collected from Luo communities in Kenya on the use of the plant to treat malaria was screened in vitro, verifying the likely substantial antiplasmodial properties of the plant [54]. Similarly, the knowledge of local communities in the Mt Elgon area of western Kenya about the possible anti-cancer properties of the plant helped to identify the high flavonoid, tannin, phenol, and terpenoid content (among others) of the species, which have been associated with anti-cancer effects [25]. ...
... Of the different plant parts, the roots have possibly the highest medicinal potential due to the presence of many compounds associated with antioxidative, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activity [90,91]. For example, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, phlobatannins, and anthraquinones were identified in the roots of the plant from samples collected from the Mt Elgon region of Kenya [25]. Furthermore, phenolics were identified in roots, barks, and seeds from samples of the species obtained from the Rorya area in Tanzania [57]. ...
Neglected and Under-utilized plant Species (NUS) can contribute to food system transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa, but many are understudied. Here, we conducted a systematic review of 37 empirical studies to synthesize the evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa about the agro-ecological characteristics, nutritional properties, and medicinal properties of the NUS Tylosema fassoglense. Overall, the evidence is highly fragmented and lacks a comprehensive description of the species characteristics, properties, and benefits. Most reviewed studies focus on the eastern part of Africa and a few on the southern part, suggesting its limited geographic distribution. Studies on agro-ecological properties, and especially on morphological characteristics, indicate that the species’ long tuberous roots and large vegetative systems help it adapt to harsh climatic conditions. The species is also utilized for medicinal and nutrition purposes by different communities across its range due to its phytochemical, macro-, and micronutrient content, along with its favorable physico-chemical properties. In particular, the seeds contain many different amino acids, while their calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, and carbohydrate content is comparable to Tylosema esculuntum, the better studied species in the Tylosema genus. These demonstrate the species’ potential to contribute to nutrition and food security. Furthermore, parts of the plant contain many phytochemicals, such as phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoid, terpenoids, and tannins (mainly in the roots), and for this reason local communities use it to treat various conditions. Overall, our systematic review suggests that although Tylosema fassoglense has some potential to contribute towards food security, nutrition, health, and livelihoods, there are many remaining knowledge gaps that constrain its effective integration into agricultural production systems and possible contribution to food system transformation in the region.
... 12 It is expected that they rely on herbal plant extract to treat cancer, as is the case with other illnesses, due to the remoteness of most of East Africa. 13 The WHO reports that more than 80% of developing nations use traditional medicines, and they continue to be an excellent source of prospective therapeutics. 10 Several ethnobotanical surveys for plant species used to treat cancer have been undertaken in East African regional countries between 2019 and 2023. ...
... This is consistent with a previous study of ours that found a substantial preference for traditional cancer remedies over modern cancer therapies and other diseases among people in the rural Elgon sub-region and Butelejja district of eastern Uganda. 13,19,20 The increased use of herbal therapies has also been attributed to their affordability, claimed safety, accessibility, and, most importantly, their assumed effectiveness. 21 Gender is one of the notifiable factors influencing the use of herbal medicine, the significant use of herbal plants for disease treatment and has been linked to the region of residence, age, and education. ...
... Rainfall is nearly constant throughout most of East Africa, allowing for the availability and buildup of phytochemicals that have curative properties for a range of diseases, including cancer. 13 Due to their availability all ...
Background
In the East African region, herbal plants are essential in the treatment and control of cancer. Given the diverse ecological and cultural makeup of the regional states, it is likely that different ethnic groups will use the same or different plants for the same or different diseases. However, since 2019, this has not been compiled into a single study.
Purpose
The study aimed to compile and record the medicinal plants utilized in East Africa from April 2019 to June 2023 to treat various cancer types.
Materials and methods
The study examined 13 original studies that included ethnobotanical research conducted in East Africa. They were retrieved from several internet databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, and Research for Life. The study retrieved databases on plant families and species, plant parts used, preparation methods and routes of administration, and the country where the ethnobotanical field surveys were conducted. Graphs were produced using the GraphPad Prism 8.125 program (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA). Tables and figures were used to present the data, which had been condensed into percentages and frequencies.
Results
A total of 105 different plant species from 45 different plant families were identified, including Asteraceae (14), Euphorbiaceae (12), Musaceae (8), and Apocynaceae (7). Uganda registered the highest proportion (46% of the medicinal plants used). The most commonly mentioned medicinal plant species in cancer management was Prunus africana. Herbs (32%), trees and shrubs (28%), and leaves (45%) constituted the majority of herbal remedies. Most herbal remedies were prepared by boiling (decoction) and taken orally (57%).
Conclusion
East Africa is home to a wide variety of medicinal plant species that local populations and herbalists, or TMP, frequently use in the treatment of various types of cancer. The most frequently used families are Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae, with the majority of species being found in Uganda. The most frequently utilized plant species is Prunus africana. Studies on the effectiveness of Prunus africana against other malignancies besides prostate cancer are required.
... f) kalk and Albizzia coriaria Welw. ex oliv., were commonly used in cancer [15,37,38]. The growth of species is regulated by ecological variation and study time. ...
... Concoctions frequently reported to be employed in herbal preparation in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Gabon diverge from our study. This is explained by the widespread belief among herbalists that combining multiple plants gives more synergistic advantages in disease management than combining one plant (decoction) [13,38,42]. The plants used typically had a scored plant value above 50%, which denotes that they are preferred in the treatment of cancer (Table 2). ...
... The phytochemical evidence revealed that Tylossema fassoglensis (Schweinf.) Torre &I harvested from the Elgon sub-region recorded the highest concentration of phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids compared to those ever recorded in different locations of Uganda [38]. This species has been widely used to cure a number of ailments, including bacterial, viral, and fungal problems, despite the fact that it contains a higher concentration of chemical components [51]. ...
Background
In Uganda, medicinal plants have been utilized to treat a variety of ailments, including cancer. However, there is little information available about the medicinal plants used to treat cancer in the Elgon subregion. As a result, the current study documented the plant species used in the management of cancer in the Elgon sub-region.
Methods
Data were gathered by observation, self-administered questionnaires, interview guides, and guided field trips. Analyzing descriptive statistics and creating graphs were done using SPSS (version 21.0) and GraphPad Prism® version 9.0.0, respectively. Well-established formulae were used to calculate quantitative indices. The narratives were interpreted using major theories and hypotheses in ethnobotany.
Results
A total of 50 plant species from 36 families were documented, and herbal knowledge was mainly acquired through inheritance. Fabaceae and Asteraceae comprised more plant species used in herbal preparation. Most plants were collected from forest reserves (63%); herbal therapies were made from herbs (45%); and leaves were primarily decocted (43%). The most frequently used plants were Tylosema fassoglensis, Hydnora abyssinica, Azidarachata indica, Prunus Africana, Kigelia africana, Syzygium cumini, Hydnora africana, Rhoicissus tridentata, Albizia coriaria, and Plectranthus cuanneus. All the most commonly used plants exhibited a high preference ranking (60–86%) and reliability level (74.1–93.9%). Generally, the ICF for all the cancers treated by medicinal plants was close to 1 (0.84–0.95).
Conclusions
The ten most commonly utilized plants were favored, dependable, and most important for treating all known cancers. As a result, more investigation is required to determine their phytochemistry, toxicity, and effectiveness in both in vivo and in vitro studies. This could be a cornerstone for the pharmaceutical sector to develop new anticancer medications.
... Gallic acid extracted from Rhoicissus tridentata and proanthocyanin monomers and dimers have been demonstrated to stimulate smooth muscle in the rat uterus, which may help with safe delivery [12]. However, the phytochemical compounds in these plants differs amongst plant species and even within the same plant species, plant habitat circumstances, the portions of the plant employed, the solvent used in the extraction process, and the harvesting season [14]. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Tylosema fassoglensis, Azadirachta indica, and ...
... (Fig. 2 and Table 2). The distinctions can be attributable to the fact that different species' phytochemical compositions have been observed, even among members of the same family and plants cultivated in similar habitats [14]. With phenol at 97.58 ± 0.09 and avonoids at 97.47 ± 0.12, the levels of total phenol in our sample were higher (129.74 ± 0.587) but lower (11.01 ± 0.188) than in the report mentioned by [48]. ...
Introduction
Prostate cancer remains a formidable threat in Uganda. As such, the quest to find novel, efficacious therapies with reduced side effects to avert this challenge is still ongoing. Medicinal plants are taking center stage in these efforts. In the Elgon sub-region of Eastern Uganda, Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) is one of the medicinal plants commonly used in the management of prostate cancer among communities and traditional herbalists but its phytochemical profiles responsible for toxicity activity have not fully been investigated. This impedes the potential usefulness of R. tridentata in developing improved anticancer biotherapeutics.to find novel, efficacious therapies with reduced side effects to avert this challenge is still ongoing. The current study investigated the phytochemical compositions of aqueous and methanol extracts of Rhoicissus tridentata used in the management of prostate harvested from the Elgon sub-region.
Methods
The root tubers were harvested from the mountain Elgon sub-region, identified and authenticated, cleaned, air-dried, pounded, and subjected to qualitative phytochemical profiling and spectrophotometry. The laboratory experiments were conducted at Islamic University in Uganda, Uganda Natural Chemotherapeutics Laboratories, and Makerere University. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with STATA version 15.0 software. Graphs were plotted using GraphPad Prism® version 9.0.0.
Results
The researchers found that Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) root tuber extracts were very rich in a number of phytochemical compounds that dissolve better in methanol than in ethanol. Polyphenols, tannins, glycosides, carotenoids, and flavonoids were significantly higher in methanol than in ethanol and water (p = 0.0022), while saponins were substantially higher in water (p = 0.0022).
Conclusions
Root tubers of Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) had several bioactive compounds, with the majority found in methanol as compared to water extract. The bioactive compounds observed were mainly polyphenols and flavonoids, and these have been reported to possess reputable anticancer properties. To help the pharmaceutical industry develop novel and more potent anticancer medications from plants such as R. tridentata, it is necessary to undertake in vitro and in vivo investigations on the plant extracts and to purify and characterize the most bioactive compounds.
... Gallic acid extracted from Rhoicissus tridentata and proanthocyanin monomers and dimers have been demonstrated to stimulate smooth muscle in the rat uterus, which may help with safe delivery [12]. However, the phytochemical compounds in these plants differs amongst plant species and even within the same plant species, plant habitat circumstances, the portions of the plant employed, the solvent used in the extraction process, and the harvesting season [14]. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Tylosema fassoglensis, Azadirachta indica, and Albizia coriaria, gathered in four separate places in Uganda, were reported to contain large amounts of polyphenols, avonoids, tannins, and alkaloids in earlier research [8,13]. ...
... Figure 2 and Table 2). The distinctions can be attributable to the fact that different species' phytochemical compositions have been observed, even among members of the same family and plants cultivated in similar habitats [14]. With phenol at 97.58±0.09 ...
Introduction: Prostate cancer remains a formidable threat in Uganda. As such, the quest to find novel, efficacious therapies with reduced side effects to avert this challenge is still ongoing. Medicinal plants are taking center stage in these efforts. In the Elgon sub-region of Eastern Uganda, Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) is one of the medicinal plants commonly used in the management of prostate cancer among communities and traditional herbalists but its phytochemical profiles responsible for toxicity activity have not fully been investigated. This impedes the potential usefulness of R. tridentata in developing improved anticancer biotherapeutics.to find novel, efficacious therapies with reduced side effects to avert this challenge is still ongoing. The current study investigated the phytochemical compositions of aqueous and methanol extracts of Rhoicissus tridentata used in the management of prostate harvested from the Elgon sub-region.
Methods: The root tubers were harvested from the mountain Elgon sub-region, identified and authenticated, cleaned, air-dried, pounded, and subjected to qualitative phytochemical profiling and spectrophotometry. The laboratory experiments were conducted at Islamic University in Uganda, Uganda Natural Chemotherapeutics Laboratories, and Makerere University. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with STATA version 15.0 software. Graphs were plotted using GraphPad Prism® version 9.0.0.
Results: The researchers found that Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) root tuber extracts were very rich in a number of phytochemical compounds that dissolve better in methanol than in ethanol. Polyphenols, tannins, glycosides, carotenoids, and flavonoids were significantly higher in methanol than in ethanol and water (p=0.0022), while saponins were substantially higher in water (p=0.0022).
Conclusions: Root tubers of Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) had several bioactive compounds, with the majority found in methanol as compared to water extract. The bioactive compounds observed were mainly polyphenols and flavonoids, and these have been reported to possess reputable anticancer properties. To help the pharmaceutical industry develop novel and more potent anticancer medications from plants such as R. tridentata, it is necessary to undertake in vitro and in vivo investigations on the plant extracts and to purify and characterize the most bioactive compounds.
... All the plants scored high delity level index (above 70) and plant value (above 60). Our earlier study [52], also revealed that Tylosema fassoglensis, harvested from Elgon region had high concentration of tannin, alkaloids, polyphenols, and avonoids the than when it is grown elsewhere in the world [41]. ...
Background: In Uganda, medicinal plants have been utilized to treat a variety of ailments, including cancer. The anticancer medicinal herbs employed in the Elgon sub-region, however, have only been the subject of a relatively small number of investigations. This study's major objective was to document the anticancer medicinal plants used to treat cancer in the Elgon sub-region of eastern Uganda, with a focus on prostate cancer.
Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire that was administered by the researcher, interview guides, and guided field trips were used to collect ethnobotanical data. A number of quantitative indices were assessed, including informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL), and preference ranking. A descriptive statistical analysis and graphs were produced using SPSS version 21.0 and GraphPad Prism version 8.125 respectively. The narratives were then interpreted using major theories and hypotheses in ethnobotany.
Results: A total of 50 plant species from 36 families were documented and herbal knowledge was mainly acquired through inheritance. Most of the plant species revealed in this study belonged to the Fabaceae and Asteraceae families. Hydnora abyssinica A. Br. was mostly recommended by herbalists for prostate, cervical, and breast malignancies. Tylosema fassoglensis was the most favored in regard to its ability to treat all known cancers in the area. The majority were collected from forest reserves (63%); herbal therapies were made from herbs (45%); and were primarily decocted (43%) from leaves (40%).
Conclusions: The first 10 most often used plants all had FLI (71), ICF (0.8), and PV (60), values that were quite high, indicating that they are believed to be the most effective in treating the known cancers in this area. Therefore, further study is required to determine the phytochemistry, toxicity, and efficacy of these plants in order to develop a newer anticancer drug.
... The anticancer plants Tylosema fassoglensis A. Br., Azadirachta indica, and Albizzia coriaria showed higher quantities of tannin, alkaloids, polyphenols, and avonoids than those gathered in other parts of Uganda, according to a previous study. [53] [36]. ...
Introduction: Medicinal plants have been used to treat several diseases, including cancer in Uganda. However, very few studies have been reported on the anticancer medicinal plants used in the Elgon sub-region. The main aim of this study was to describe the anticancer medicinal plants used to treat cancer, with an emphasis on prostate cancer, in the Elgon sub-region of Eastern Uganda.
Methods: Information was gathered using a semi-structured, researcher-administered questionnaire, interview guides, and guided field walks. Quantitative indices such as fidelity level (FL), preference ranking, and informant consensus factor (ICF) were evaluated. To summarize ethnobotanical data, a descriptive statistical analysis and graphs were created by SPSS version 21.0 and GraphPad Prism version 8.125, respectively, and narratives were explained using theories and major hypotheses in ethnobotany.
Results: A total of 50 plant species from 36 families were described; of them, 45% were herbs and 10% were parasites. Additionally, 60% of plants were gathered from forest reserves, and 86% of the materials used by herbalists were leaves. The most effective treatment for cancer overall was Tylosema fassoglensis due to its versatility. Hydnora abyssinica A. Br., Hydnora africana, Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Wild & R.B. Drumm., Prunus africana, and Kigelia africana, respectively, are used to cure prostate cancer. Herbs make up 45% of all medical plant use, with the fidelity level (FL) for Hydnora abyssinica A. Br being 93.9%, Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Wild & R.B. Drumm (89.7%), Hydnora africana (84.8%), and Prunus africana (82.4%). Herbalists predominantly used leaves (86%), and 60% of the plants used as medicines were gathered from peripheral forest areas, according to their preferred ranking. The most popular methods of preparation and administration (86%) were oral routes and concoctions. Hydnora abyssinica A. Br. was the herb that was most sought after for treating prostate cancer. ICF values larger than 0.5 were only attained by plant species used to treat cervical and prostate cancer, indicating that herbalists often lack awareness of herbs used in cancer treatment.
Conclusions and recommendation: All the first ten frequently used plants in the treatment of cancer received faithfulness levels more than 50%, suggesting that herbalists have faith in the ability of these plants to treat cancer. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct additional research into their phytochemistry, toxicity, efficacy, and effectively enforced conservation.
... Alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids Antibacterial and anticancer [214,215] Vachellia karroo Flavonoids, phenols, proanthocyanidin, sterols, tannins and terpenoids Analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antihelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial and antioxidant [216] Vachellia nilotica Alkaloids, fatty acids, flavonoids and tannins Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiplatelet [217] Vachellia rehmanniana None found Anti-inflammatory [218] Vachellia sieberiana Flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, quinones, saponins and tannins Antibacterial and anticancer [219,220] Vigna unguiculata Flavonoids and phenolics Acetylcholinesterase inhibition, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antinociceptive and hypocholesterolaemic [221][222][223][224][225] Xeroderris stuhlmannii Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids and terpenoids Antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative [226][227][228] * "No report found" means that no record of the phytochemical or pharmacological properties were found in the literature. ...
The current study is aimed at providing a systematic review of the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Fabaceae species used as sources of traditional medicinies in Zimbabwe. Fabaceae is one of the well-known plant families of ethnopharmacological importance. Of the approximately 665 species of the Fabaceae family occurring in Zimbabwe, about 101 are used for medicinal purposes. Many communities in the country, mainly in peri-urban, rural and marginalized areas with limited access to healthcare facilities, rely on traditional medicines as their primary healthcare. The study reviewed research studies undertaken on Zimbabwe’s Fabaceae species during 1959 to 2022. Information was gathered from literature sourced from Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, books, dissertations, theses and scientific reports. This study showed that 101 species are traditionally used to manage human and animal diseases in Zimbabwe. The genera with the highest number of medicinal uses are Indigofera, Senna, Albizia, Rhynchosia and Vachellia. Species of these genera are used as traditional medicines against 134 medical conditions, mainly gastrointestinal conditions, female reproductive conditions, respiratory conditions and sexually transmitted infections. Shrubs (39.0%), trees (37.0%) and herbs (18.0%) are the primary sources of traditional medicines, while roots (80.2%), leaves (36.6%), bark (27.7%) and fruits (8.9%) are the most widely used plant parts. Many of Zimbabwe’s Fabaceae species used as sources of traditional medicines have been assessed for their phytochemical and pharmacological properties, corroborating their medicinal uses. However, there is a need to unravel the therapeutic potential of the family through further ethnopharmacological research focusing on toxicological studies, in vitro and in vivo models, biochemical assays and pharmacokinetic studies.
Background
Wounds have become a major health challenge worldwide, presenting marked humanistic and economic burdens such as disabilities and death. Annually, approximately 14 million people suffer from wounds worldwide and 80 % of these occur in developing countries like Uganda. In Uganda, besides many cases of daily wound occurrences, approximately 10 % of surgical procedures become septic wounds and consequently lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, several ethnomedicinal studies have identified plants used for wound treatment in different parts of Uganda and the wound healing activities of some plants have been reported. However, at present, these information remain largely separated without an all-inclusive repository containing ethnomedicinal and pharmacological information of the plants used for wound healing in Uganda, thus retarding appropriate evaluation. Therefore, this review focused on extensively exploring the plants used for treating cutaneous wounds in Uganda, along with associated ethnomedicinal information and their globally reported pharmacological potential.
Methods
Electronic data bases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were searched using key terms for required information contained in English peer reviewed articles, books, and dissertations. Additionally, correlations between selected parameters were determined with coefficient of determination (r²).
Results
The literature survey revealed that 165 species belonging to 62 families are traditionally used to treat wounds in Uganda. Most of the species belonged to families of Asteraceae (14 %), Fabaceae (10 %), and Euphorbiaceae (7 %). The commonest plant parts used for wound treatment include leaf (48 %), root (22 %), stembark (11 %), and stem (7 %), which are prepared majorly by poultice (34 %), decoction (13 %), as well as powdering (25 %). Fifty-four (33 %) of the plant species have been investigated for their wound healing activities whereas, one hundred eleven (67 %) have not been scientifically investigated for their wound healing effects. Pearson correlation coefficient between the number of wound healing plant families per part used and percent of each plant part used was 0.97, and between the number of wound healing plant families per method of preparation and percent of each method of preparation was 0.95, showing in both strong positively marked relationships.
Conclusion
The preliminarily investigated plants with positive wound healing properties require further evaluation to possible final phases, with comprehensive identification of constituent bioactive agents. Additionally, the wound healing potential of the scientifically uninvestigated plants with claimed healing effects needs examination. Subsequently, information regarding efficacy, safety, bioactive principles, and mechanism of action could prove valuable in future development of wound healing therapies.
