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Computed tomography angiography (CTA) axial image; suspected active hemorrhage with clots in the right pyelocaliceal system.
Source publication
We describe an 80-year-old female with a left ureteroileal fistula and simultaneously a right ureteroiliac fistula. Her history highlights the predisposing factors of radiation, major surgery in the region, and presence of bilateral double-J-stents. She was successfully treated with an endovascular approach after being initially misdiagnosed. There...
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Ureteral damage during appendicectomy.
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Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of tamsulosin and alfuz-osin as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones. Patients and methods: In all, 112 patients with ureteric stones of 610 mm, located along the ureter, were randomly divided into three groups. In group I, 32 patients received no a-blockers (controls), in group II 40 patient...
Citations
... It is important to bear in mind that the source of a urinary tract bleeding through the ureteral orifice is not always the kidney. If the urologist and interventional radiologist do not keep that in mind, this could lead to unnecessary renal embolization or even nephrectomy due to misdiagnosis [6,12,15]. A high degree of suspicion in patients with known risk factors for UVF is the key to a correct diagnosis. ...
Introduction
Ureterovascular fistula (UVF) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Since its primary description by Moschkowitz in 1908, many case reports, studies and reviews have been written about this condition with the suggestive symptoms and risk factors repeatedly discussed. This study will be focusing on the different locations of 532 out of 605 fistulae published from 1908 up to 2022 besides eight new patients of our own.
Material and methods
A systematic review of the literature started using PubMed database searching for “ureteroarterial fistula”, “arteriovascular fistula” and “uretero vascular fistula” was performed yielding 122, 62 and 188 results respectively. Those studies and the cited literature in each study were examined to include studies, which did not appear in the primary search. A total of 605 patients in 315 publications were gathered. Only studies mentioning new patients, a clear indication of the location of the UVF, the presence/absence of urinary diversion (UD) as well as the type of UD if present were included. Ten duplicates as well as studies lacking information regarding the UVF and/or the UD (seven publications with 63 patients) were excluded, with 298 publications including 532 external patients remaining. Eight internal cases were included with a total of 540 cases.
Results
From the 540 included cases, 384 patients (71.1%) had no UD compared to 156 patients (28.9%) with UD. Due to the anatomical ureteral course, the common iliac artery (CIA) was the most common vascular component of UVF, irrespective of the presence or absence of UD. Any dispute to whether the crossing point is the common or the external iliac artery (EIA) was settled for the CIA. Further common vascular components besides CIA include the aorta, EIA, internal iliac artery (IIA) including its branches and vascular bypasses including the anastomosis sites. Other unusual arterial localizations were stated under the “others” category.
Conclusion
Identifying the location of the bleeding artery in UVF is critical and represents the most important step for successful management. We present the largest summary of described locations up to date including our own.
Graphical Abstract
... Pelvic angiography remains the diagnostic method of choice, offering an immediate treatment strategy. [13][14][15] In cases of uncontrollable hematuria with hemodynamic compromise, endovascular therapy is a lifesaving measure. 14,16 The potential pitfalls of this procedure include infection, stent thrombosis, and distal embolization. ...
Ureteroarterial fistula (UAF) is a rare and life-threatening source of hematuria. A high index of suspicion is warranted for early diagnosis and timely intervention. Because of high perioperative risk and comorbidities in UAF patients, the endovascular approach has become preferred for repair. Infection can complicate this mode of therapy, and treatment with antibiotics is important. Herein we present five cases of secondary UAFs treated with stent graft alone or stent graft and embolization. (J Vasc Surg Cases and Innovative Techniques 2019;5:396-401.)
Arterio-ureteral fistula (AUF) is a rare, but life-threatening disease that causes massive hematuria. We present a case of a 43-year-old female with AUF successfully treated with coil embolization and deployment of endovascular stents, along with a literature review. AUF symptoms most commonly occur with intermittent hematuria. AUF can occur in association with ureteral stenting, radiation, and prior pelvic or vascular surgery. Arteriography or ureteral pyelography are recommended as the most effective diagnostic strategies. Recent treatment efforts have focused on the use of endovascular stenting techniques as an alternative to open surgery.
Background:
Ureteroarterial fistula (UAF) represents an uncommon complication after urological surgery; however, this is a well-documented condition in patients with predisposing risk factors. The aim of the present study is to report and analyze the endovascular management of a series of patients with UAF, treated in authors' hospital, and to report and analyze the same data concerning patients retrieved from a systematic literature review.
Methods:
Authors conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data and a systematic literature review. The research was carried out through PubMed database searching the following keywords: "uretero arterial fistula" and "uretero iliac fistula." It includes only articles reporting the endovascular management.
Results:
Forty-six articles were included in the present study for a total of 94 patients. Risk factors were as follows: chronic indwelling ureteral stents, pelvic surgery, radiotherapy, iliac artery pseudo-aneurysm, and chemotherapy. All patients had gross hematuria at presentation. Stent graft placement was performed in 89 patients, embolization in 5 patients, and iliac internal artery embolization combined with stent graft placement was performed in 24 patients. Four postprocedural complications were observed (4.2%). During a median follow-up of 8 months, 10 complications related to UAF were observed (10.6%): rebleeding (7 cases) and stent thrombosis (3 cases). Two patients died for causes related to UAF (2.1%): rebleeding (1) and retroperitoneal abscess (1).
Conclusion:
Based on the present data, endovascular treatment is feasible and safe with low postprocedural complications and mortality rate. Considering the increase in surgery and radiotherapy performed, UAF should be always debated in patients with massive hematuria.
Background
Ureteroarterial fistulas (UAFs) have a low incidence but are a potentially fatal cause of hematuria. Initially treated by open surgery, endovascular techniques have decreased potential complications.
Material and Methods
We present a short series of UAFs (n = 5) treated in our institution in the last 10 years: 1 case showed up after aorta-iliac bypass surgery, 1 case after endovascular aortic repair and embolization of right hypogastric artery, and 3 cases after oncological surgeries. We review the published literature via PubMed.
Results
The different approaches (2 open and 3 endovascular procedures) were based on the clinical situation of the patients and on technical limitations. Three patients died after the procedure (2 after open surgery and 1 after endovascular treatment). In our institution, endovascular treatment showed good results in terms of early complications and associated mortality compared with open surgery.
Conclusions
UAF is a rare but a potentially fatal complication in patients with predisposing factors. No long-term follow-up has been published to assess the possible complications arising from the technique, such as prosthetic infection. No antibiotic treatment protocols have been established, so long-term follow-up is necessary to determine late complications.
