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Construction waste is becoming a serious environmental problem in many large cities in the world. In Malaysia, the construction industry generates lots of construction waste which caused significant impacts on the environment and aroused growing public concern in the local community. Thus, the minimisation of construction wastes has become a pressi...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... blocks, concrete and aggregate, wood, metal products, roofing materials, plastic materials and packaging of products. Table 1 summarises the estimates for the composition of construction waste generation in the site. The estimated total construction waste generation is done by material type. The composition of total waste generation is shown in Fig. 3 which is percentage by weight. Concrete and aggregate is the largest component with 65.8% followed by soil and sand (27%), 5% from wood based materials such as timber, lumber, etc., 1.6% from brick and block, 1% from metal products, 0.2% from roofing materials and 0.05% from plastic and packaging products such as papers, cardboards, ...
Context 2
... TC is the total costs of reusing and recycling of construction waste materials on the site, CS C the collection and separation costs of construction waste materials, EP C the equipment purchasing cost, S C the storage cost, T C the transportation cost and A * is the intangible costs. The findings of the case study are discussed below. The discussion focuses on the composition and recycling of construction waste, and the economic feasibility of the waste minimisation at the project site. In the study, generation of construction waste refers to the weight of materials and products as they enter the waste management system from the building construction process and before reuse, recycling and disposal. During the construction of this new building, it was estimated that total construction waste generation from the project site was 27068.40 t. This estimation was based on gross waste production in tonnage. The composition of C&D debris is highly variable and depends critically on the type of activity where sampling is done (US EPA, 1998) as well as the many different type of buildings and construction practices in existence. The source of construction waste at the project site include materials such as soil and sand, brick and blocks, concrete and aggregate, wood, metal products, roofing materials, plastic materials and packaging of products. Table 1 summarises the estimates for the composition of construction waste generation in the site. The estimated total construction waste generation is done by material type. The composition of total waste generation is shown in Fig. 3 which is percentage by weight. Concrete and aggregate is the largest component with 65.8% followed by soil and sand (27%), 5% from wood based materials such as timber, lumber, etc., 1.6% from brick and block, 1% from metal products, 0.2% from roofing materials and 0.05% from plastic and packaging products such as papers, cardboards, etc. The practice of waste minimisation i.e. reuse and recycling of construction waste materials is common on the site. In the project site, construction waste materials contain a large percentage of reusable and recyclables. It is estimated that 73% of the waste materials is reused and recycled. Table 2 shows the amount of reused and recycled waste materials on the site. The highest amount of reused and recycled materials is concrete and aggregate, comprising 67.64% of the total reused and recycled material in the site followed by soil and sand (27.33%), wood (4%), brick and block (0.64%), metal products (0.27%) and roofing materials (0.03%). The study included excavated soil as a construction waste material, which is reused after piling, resulting in a large percentage (73%) of the total generated waste. Generally, economic feasibility is carried out using the standard measures of profitability such as, cost benefit analysis. Most studies revealed that there are many benefits associated with waste minimisation i.e. environmental, economic, liability, public image, etc. (EH&S, 1994; Lorton et al., 1988; US EPA, 2002.). According to the US EPA (2002), waste minimisation makes good economic and business sense and at the same time, waste minimisation can improve production efficiency, profits, good neighbour image, employee participation, product quality and environmental performance. This study performed a benefit–cost analysis (BCA) to estimate the economic feasibility of construction waste minimisation in terms of cost savings. The benefit–cost analysis is important for the implementation of waste management systems in the construction industry. In performing the benefit–cost analysis of waste minimisation such as reusing and recycling of generated construction waste materials in the site, all the benefits and costs are considered. The benefits come from all the direct, indirect and intangible benefits due to reusing and recycling of waste materials as well as the costs of all the direct, indirect and intangible costs involved of the reusing and recycling on the site. The study tried to quantify all benefits and costs in terms of monetary value and also those benefits and costs that do not have monetary value which is defined as an intangible term such as A (intangible benefits) and A * (intangible costs). The benefit–cost analysis followed a conservative method of estimation as it is an initial study and the beneficial value is based on the opportunity cost approach. The direct benefits of reusing and recycling consist of purchasing cost savings by reusing and recycling of construction waste materials and revenue from selling of scrap materials. The indirect benefits consist of waste collection and transportation cost savings and cost savings from landfill charge by reusing and recycling of construction waste materials. Purchasing cost savings explain that the company saved money after reusing and recycling of waste materials instead of buying these materials. If the company could not reuse and recycle these materials it would be needed to buy those materials. The estimated purchasing cost savings is shown in Table 3. In these estimations, soil and sand waste materials are not considered because the contractors usually do not buy soil and the amount of sand is negligible. Total purchasing cost savings is the sum of the cost savings from materials market price and transportation cost savings. The calculation of the total purchasing cost savings is based in the following ...
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Mataram city as National Activity Center (NAC) led to increased of activity that occurs in this region. This condition impacted the increasing of population and the amount of waste. The amount of waste in Mataram City currently reaches 1,444 m3/day and that has been transported by the Sanitation Department as much as 1,033.82 m3 or 71.59%. This res...
Citations
... Traditionally, these mechanisms have been investigated largely through anthropological approaches due to a lack of quality secondary data and practice-based characteristics of CDWM (Andersson & Buser, 2022;Lu et al., 2021), such as participant observation, questionnaire survey, and interviews. Over the last decade, substantial studies have applied anthropological approaches to uncover a variety of mechanisms of CDWM across different geographic contexts, including (1) waste generation rates and compositions in Vietnam (Nguyen et al., 2021), Lebanon (Bakshan et al., 2015) as well as China (Lu et al., 2011); (2) barriers and challenges of CDWM in Somaliland (Negash et al., 2021), Hong Kong (Bao et al., 2020), and Bangladesh (Hasan et al., 2023); (3) stakeholders' awareness of CDWM in Chile (Véliz et al., 2022), the United Kingdom (Osmani et al., 2008), as well as China ; and (4) economic feasibility of CDWM enterprises in China (Zhao et al., 2010), Spain (Rodríguez et al., 2015), as well as Malaysia (Begum et al., 2006). Although such anthropological approaches are still effective in revealing mechanisms of CDWM nowadays, criticism also exists for their intrinsic limitations, such as time-consuming and labor-intensive nature, significant reliance on personal connections for data collection, limited objectivity, and narrow geospatial coverage of data (Kabirifar et al., 2021), which may prevent stakeholders from digging out universally applicable CDWM mechanisms for further informing strategy formulation precisely (Lu et al., 2015), thus calling for more objective and precise approaches for CDWM. ...
Construction and demolition waste management (CDWM) is a grand challenge on a global scale. Traditional CDWM has heavily relied on anthropological approaches, which may prevent stakeholders from acquiring a comprehensive understanding of a macro standpoint for developing effective strategies. The emergence of geospatial technologies offers a more objective and precise approach for CDWM to enhance resource management and support environmental and socio‐economic sustainability. However, a holistic review of how these geospatial technologies have been applied to CDWM is still lacking. To fully harness the potential of geospatial technologies for CDWM, this study aims to examine how different categories of geospatial technologies serve different application scenarios in CDWM through a systematic literature review. Through delving into 73 papers spanning 2004 to 2024, the results find this research discipline has been a hotspot since 2017. Existing CDWM literature has predominantly utilized geographic information systems (GIS) technology, followed by remote sensing technology and a hybrid technology strategy. Geospatial technologies have been extensively integrated with other non‐geospatial technologies. Existing literature is mainly distributed across four application scenarios: identification and classification, site selection, quantification, and decision support. Finally, three research gaps have been also pinpointed, directing future studies to devote specific efforts to improving data accuracy, combining geospatial technologies with traditional methods as well as expanding application scenarios from a life cycle perspective. This paper offers academics and practitioners a clear roadmap on how to utilize geospatial technologies for propelling the discipline of CDWM toward high efficiency and precision.
... (Ding et al., 2018) showed that waste reduction management could reduce waste generation by 40.63%, resulting in reduced greenhouse gas emissions, saving landfill space, and less illegal dumping, and achieving environmental benefits such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and saving landfill space. (Begum et al., 2006) found that waste minimization is economically feasible and can improve environmental management. Moreover, value generation is a critical principle in sustainable construction practices (Wang et al., 2020). ...
Purpose
In the modern era, the concept of sustainability has become pervasive, permeating various sectors, including the construction industry. Driven by growing environmental concerns, construction organizations are increasingly compelled to seek operational excellence while realigning their practices towards environmental sustainability goals. Hence, this paper investigates the capability of lean construction (LC) principles in enhancing environmental performance (EP) within the construction industry using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach.
Design/methodology/approach
The study employs SEM to explore the relationship between LC components and environmental performance factors in the construction context. This methodology integrates both empirical and qualitative analyses within a structured framework to explore the relationship between LC components and EP factors in the construction context. By collecting and statistically testing data from 307 Moroccan construction companies, the study evaluates the impact of five LC principles – process transparency and standardization, continuous improvement, waste elimination, planning and scheduling and material flow and pull – on four environmental performance indicators: material use, energy consumption, non-product output and pollutant releases.
Findings
The analysis reveals that, among the five LC principles – process transparency and standardization, continuous improvement, waste elimination, planning and scheduling and material flow and pull – the principles of waste elimination and planning and scheduling significantly contribute to environmental improvements. These practices were shown to impact positively four environmental performance indicators: material use, energy consumption, non-product output and pollutant releases.
Originality/value
This research fills a critical gap in empirical studies on the beneficial effects of LC practices on environmental sustainability in the construction industry. It provides theoretical insights and practical recommendations for managers and practitioners to effectively implement LC principles, thereby promoting more efficient and sustainable practices, particularly in developing countries.
... Some studies have explored the economic viability of recycling CDW, as stakeholders are primarily driven by the economic benefits of recycling [73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. They have found that recycling CDW is economically feasible and contributes to improved environmental management. ...
This article explores the integration of wood recycling and reuse practices within construction and reconstruction processes, as highlighted in a wood products questionnaire. The aim of this study is to understand how the Romanian consumers perceive the circular economy in order to adopt responsible consumption models. The working instrument consisted of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was applied to 60.7% urban respondents and 39.3% rural ones and consisted of 23 items. The response rate was 68.5% for certain items (257 responses). In the first part, the integration of wood recycling and reuse practices within construction and reconstruction processes is examined. Emerging recycling techniques and demolition processes, particularly incorporating reused, reconditioned, and recycled wood in the construction industry, are evaluated. The economic and environmental implications of these practices are also examined, contributing to the discussion of eco-design policies, and construction waste management and standards. In the second part, insights are provided into how Romanian consumers’ knowledge of CE principles, information about product characteristics, and attitudes influence the demand for recycled wood products. The study concludes with recommendations for better promotion strategies of wood-based recycled products, aiming to increase awareness of its long-term environmental and socio-economic benefits. Additionally, it suggests the need for providing more information on the environmental benefits of wood-based recycled products, and for a more active engagement of stakeholders in the transition to a circular economy. The results serve as a basis for a better understanding of Romanian consumers’ adoption of sustainable consumption behavior in agreement with circular economy concepts and SDGs. While the majority of respondents generally shows openness to an eco-friendly product, mere promotion of these principles may not suffice to change entrenched behaviors and purchasing habits.
... Depending on the types of project cost of materials 50% to 70% of the total construction cost [2][3][4]. Construction waste is becoming a serious environmental problem in many large cities in the world [1,[5][6][7][8][9]. ...
... Selection of low quality products 0.617 5 0.8 2 0.708 4 Table 6 shows that relative importance index of all the 12 causes of design and documentation of construction materials wastage evaluated. The results table 6 show that the analysis average of different two parts which means contractor and consultants. They are ranked depending on the respondents by using the relative importance index analysis so, first rank are Lack of knowledge about construction techniques during design activities relative importance index are 0.775 was found to be very important technique to reduce construction materials wastages. ...
The rapid development of the construction industry has caused in the construction materials wastage that negatively affect the environment, budget and humanity. The aim of this study is to assess the cause of construction materials wastages on public construction project a case of Mettu town. The target population was selected randomly consultant and contractors of public construction project in Mettu town. The questionnaires were distributed to the respondents’ a categories of questionnaires according to five groups on the cause of construction materials wastage of construction project. The main technique of data analysis was descriptive statistics comprising of percentage, mean value and relative importance index. The result of data analysis are shows on the tables and figures of the data collection. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-Test were used to test the hypotheses. The first three highest contributors to cause of construction material waste are found Group 3 operation, Group 1 design and documentation, and Group 5 site supervision in terms of groups with average relative importance index of 0.697, 0.686 and 0.680 respectively. The three rank cause of key construction materials, which are wasted on construction sites are Tile, Block (HCB), concrete, the relative importance index value are 0.683, 0.680, and 0.678 are wasted respectively. The statistical difference in the perceptions of the various group’s contractor and consultant concerning the most cause of wastage construction material produced during construction project. To evaluate the difference across five groups of cause of construction materials wastage on the contractor and consultant was tested using kruskal-wallis test. The test is significant difference of contractor, consultant and average (Aysmp sig. 0.000, 0.431, 0.812 are respectively. In the preference of cause of construction materials wastage for five groups of respondents are (Group 1=12, Group 2 = 19, Group 3 = 14, Group 4 = 13, and Group 5 = 5). The waste of construction materials is a common occurrence in Mettu town. Therefore, it is the obligation of all parties involved in the construction sector to minimize the construction materials waste. This study suggested that in order to achieve efficient waste reduction in the construction business, contractors and consultants need to receive the necessary training and motivation. The study's conclusions may have applications in waste management, construction technology, and control for environmentally friendly public construction projects.
... The benefit-cost analysis is important to estimate the economic feasibility of construction waste minimization. For the reuse and recycling of C&D waste, a net benefit of 2.5% from the total budget was reported [16]. ...
In this paper, we present the structural, mechanical and electrical properties of composite cement materials that can be widely used as substituent for cement. We start with the characterization of a composite cement sample using an analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The measurements of the Vickers hardness, cyclic and sweep linear voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of composite cement materials were also recorded. This study compared the effect of the different nanocomposites added to cement on the mitigation of the alkali–silica reaction, which is responsible for the swelling, cracking and deleterious behavior of the material. The enhancement in Vickers hardness was more pronounced for composite cement materials. In contrast, the values of Vickers hardness decreased for the composite cement containing mortar and the control sample, suggesting that the long-term performance of cement was compromised. In order to obtain information about the bulk resistance of the composite cement material, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data were employed. The results suggest that for composite cement materials, there is an improvement in bulk electrical resistance, which can be attributed to the lower amounts of cracks and swelling due to lower expansion. In the control sample, a reduction in the bulk resistance suggests the formation of microcracks, which cause the aging and degradation of the material. The intersection of arcs in the EIS spectrum of the mixed composite cement sample gradually increased by an alkaline exposure of up to 21 days and finally shifted towards a low value of high frequency with an increase in alkaline exposure of up to 28 days.
... The interviews reinforced the efficacy of recycling as a means of combating the issues of construction and demolition wastes. Using a reduced strategy can improve cooperation and alignment among the parties involved in a project, facilitating the smooth integration of CE principles across all project stages (Begum et al., 2006). Consistent with this viewpoint, interviewee 11 expressed the significance of CE integration in the design stage and in promoting inter-project collaboration. ...
... Since CDW is the primary global contributor to landfills, a significant portion of this work takes this into account (Osmani & Villoria-Sáez 2019). For instance, a cost-benefit analysis conducted in Malaysia in 2006 discovered that reducing CDW was commercially viable with a net profit of 2.5% (Begum et al. 2006). This study examined the costs and advantages of reducing waste at a Malaysian construction site. ...
Waste generation from the construction industry has been
recognized as a key factor in environmental deterioration.
Excessive waste in the construction field is a direct outcome
of unsustainable production and consumption practices,
typically ending up in landfills. To tackle this problem, a
circular economy management approach has been
proposed as a solution for sustainable construction and
demolition waste management. This review outlines the
strategy of the circular economy to promote sustainable
management of construction and demolition waste. The
circular economy management strategy emphasizes the
importance of reducing waste production and promoting
the reuse and recycling of materials. This approach also
promotes the use of sustainable materials and the
implementation of effective waste management practices
during construction and demolition. The circular economy
management approach to sustainable handling of
construction and demolition waste involves several key
strategies. These include embracing sustainable design and
construction methods, encouraging material reuse and
recycling, and establishing efficient waste management
systems. These strategies require the cooperation and
involvement of all stakeholders in the construction and
demolition process, including architects, contractors,
developers, and waste management companies. The
circular economy management approach provides a
promising framework for achieving the objectives of
effective waste management and sustainable construction.
By promoting sustainable patterns of production and
consumption, this approach can reduce the environmental
impact of the construction industry while generating
economic benefits for stakeholders. However, successful
implementation of this approach requires strong regulatory
support and the willingness of all stakeholders to adopt
sustainable practices.
... Properly managing C&D waste can bring numerous environmental benefits such as the efficient use of raw materials, minimisation of CO 2 emissions, and less waste being sent to landfills [22,139]. Economic benefits can also be realised through savings on purchasing costs, landfill charges, and revenue generated from selling scrap waste materials [14,46,140]. Additionally, sustainable C&D waste management can have social benefits such as job creation in the recycling and reuse sectors, improved working conditions and safety for waste management operators, increased awareness of waste management practices, and a reduction in illegal dumping [14,42,80,81]. ...
... Many efforts have been made to assess C&D waste management performance through developing and evaluating sustainability assessment models, for instance, the waste prediction model in Spain, the waste score determination model in Singapore, the factor analysis model to assess contactors' behaviour and attitudes in Malaysia, the sustainable procurement model, and many more [24,27,140,142]. Some other studies focus on environmental aspects [13,17,21], economic aspects [111,140,143], and social aspects [42,80,81]. ...
... Many efforts have been made to assess C&D waste management performance through developing and evaluating sustainability assessment models, for instance, the waste prediction model in Spain, the waste score determination model in Singapore, the factor analysis model to assess contactors' behaviour and attitudes in Malaysia, the sustainable procurement model, and many more [24,27,140,142]. Some other studies focus on environmental aspects [13,17,21], economic aspects [111,140,143], and social aspects [42,80,81]. However, the aforementioned research focused on specific geographical locations rather than wider cross-regional mobility of C&D waste management throughout the lifecycle process [3,69]. ...
(1) Background: Globally, numerous development projects are being undertaken to expand and improve urban infrastructure facilities, which result in around 30% to 40% of construction and demolition (C&D) waste in the total waste generation. Due to its detrimental impacts on the environment and human health, several researchers have been striving to find effective methods to manage these large amounts of C&D wastes to minimise environmental impacts and maximise the economic and social benefits. Despite these efforts, limited studies have focused on comprehensively reviewing the integrated sustainable management of C&D waste. Thus, this study aims to conduct a comprehensive review of the published literature to identify barriers that hinder sustainable C&D waste management practices and map future research areas for effective C&D waste management. (2) Methods: A two-step systematic approach was adopted where the first step involved a bibliometric assessment of the published literature from 2002 to 2022, and then the most significant publications were reviewed from the bibliometric findings to achieve this study aim. (3) Results: The review findings identifies several research gaps which were categorised according to seven themes, including limitations in operational aspects, the lack of monitoring of legislation and regulations, an inadequate market for recycled products, inefficient stakeholder engagement and management, limitations of effective framework/models for sustainable C&D waste management, limited research on social performance, and inadequate integration of information technology in C&D waste management. This study’s findings are invaluable for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers for in-depth understanding of the boundaries and potential future research areas to enhance sustainable C&D waste management practices.
... A project site's total construction trash created throughout the new building construction is expected to be roughly 27,068.40 tons (Begum et al., 2006). ...
Since building materials have been increasingly chosen based on their ecological attributes, contemporary development is strongly tied to preserving natural resources through avoiding environmental deterioration. Nevertheless, it was argued that concrete cannot be considered environmentally friendly because of its destructive, resource-consuming nature and the potential for severe environmental impact after its use. Concrete is among the most adaptable materials in construction and contributes significantly to expanding the infrastructural and industrial segments. Nevertheless, it will continue to be the dominant building material utilized everywhere. Even though recycled aggregates (RAs) were still less often employed in the construction sector, much effort was conducted to recycle hardened concrete, and further improvements are needed to maximize this. Some investigations on recycled aggregate's characteristics, applications, drawbacks, and behavior were also discussed. The current research aims to present a statistical analysis of coarse aggregate replacement with different water/cement ratios utilizing Single and two-way ANOVA for different mechanical features (tensile and compressive strengths) and durability features (Chloride ion penetrability) at 28 and 90 curing days. The results show no significant differences in one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA for compressive strength and chloride ion penetrability at 28 and 90 curing days.
... According to sources [20,21], India ranks as the world's second-largest brick manufacturer, and the estimated amount of brick waste it produces constitutes 32% of the total CDW, which is greater than 28% of concrete waste. It is estimated that approximately 315 tonnes of brick waste is generated by demolishing an area of 50,000 m 2 [22]. The United States environmental data fact sheet reveals that CDW produced around 44 million tonnes of brick waste during 2012-2014, requiring significant landfill space to dispose of it. ...
Considering the substantial production of concrete and the significant generation of demolition waste resulting from the dismantling of old concrete structures, the reuse of construction and demolition waste (CDW) has become crucial. Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the adequacy of the mechanical behavior of concrete incorporating CDW within the last two decades. However, there is a dearth of scientometric reviews on studies examining the environmental impacts of CDW. To address this gap, science mapping methods were utilized to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research on the environmental impacts of CDW. To conduct a comprehensive scientometric assessment of the utilization of recycled brick aggregates in concrete (RBAC) production, a search was performed in the Scopus database. The search primarily focused on the keywords "recycled bricks" and "concrete" to retrieve relevant papers. The objective of this study was to conduct a scientometric analysis of the bibliometric data on recycled bricks to identify its key components. The findings of this study included the following: (1) identifying the mostly focused area on the use of recycled bricks in concrete, (2) identifying authors with the greatest contribution, (3) journals with the most publications, (4) countries that contributed most in terms of publications, and (5) publications with highest number of citations. The findings suggest that the mechanical properties of RBAC have been the core of existing research. Existing studies have focused on the behavior of RBAC under monotonic loading only. The application of RBAC in structural contexts requires considerable attention, as prior research has yet to concentrate on this specific domain. No empirical research has yet explored the incorporation of recycled brick aggregate concrete in the presence of lap splices or within shear-dominated regions. Existing research has revealed substandard mechanical properties of RBAC that induce concerns for its structural applications. Given the state-of-the-art of RBAC and its applications, its behavior needs to be examined for reinforced concrete structural members. Moreover, the provisions of modern codes for RBAC also require significant attention. Moreover, the behavior of RBAC concrete under reverse cyclic loading needs attention.
