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Bluetooth (over IEEE 802.15.1), ultra-wideband (UWB, over IEEE 802.15.3), ZigBee (over IEEE 802.15.4), and Wi-Fi (over IEEE 802.11) are four protocol standards for short range wireless communications with low power consumption. From an application point of view, Bluetooth is intended for a cordless mouse, keyboard, and hands-free headset, UWB is or...
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... This work therefore joins similar studies ( . The advantage Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) includes higher data rate, ability to connect to the internet, ability to allow more numbers of devices to connect (Pothuganti and Chitneni, 2014). The ability of Wi-Fi to connect to the internet and allow for more multiple users to connect is important in this era of virtual environment, especially for a multidisciplinary team like that needed for the management of DF. ...
Digitally estimating the magnitude of the Plantar Pressures (PP) of the foot is an important aspect in the biomechanical management of diabetic foot and is not yet adopted in our clime and many low income countries mostly due to high cost and complexity of existing designs, as well as poor awareness. This study aimed to produce a cheaper, easier to use and internet of things compliant digital plantar pressure estimating device (DPPE) which should be able to detect, estimate and output in-shoe plantar pressure distribution. 10 Force Sensitive Resistor (FSR) were anatomically spread across an ambipedal insole. ESP8266 board was utilized as the microcontroller. Web applications were designed to ensure a smooth communication between the sensors, the microcontroller, the internet and the display units (Computers and Phones). The device achieved ambipedal fitting, Wi-Fi to internet signal transmissions were successful, and the sensors ability to detect and estimate pressure was achieved. The DPPE as produced in this study can help in achieving digital assessment of the PP estimation and its distribution on the foot for clinical evaluations, hence, it is an important tool in the clinical assessment of the DF managements. Use of WiFi as a mode of data transmission is ideal in a post-COVID world of ours as it supports virtual communication.
... The most widely-known protocols that have been employed in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are Wi-Fi, ZigBee and Bluetooth, which correspond to the 802.11a/b/g, IEEE 802.15.4 and 802.15.1, standards, respectively [13], [14]. For wireless condition monitoring and fault diagnosis, very few researchers have used Wi-Fi to send data to the base station. ...
... Therefore, the process of analyzing OD data for each bus stop was very diverse (Haseman et al., 2010). However, Bluetooth was shown to be more useful for short-distance devices, whereas Wi-Fi is more beneficial for long-distance devices (Pothuganti and Chitneni, 2014). The Wi-Fi application was respectively applied to a large bus (Dunlap et al., 2016) and a small bus in a small city (Hidayat et al., 2018a). ...
Origin-destination (OD) information is very useful for transportation management and planning. OD provides a detail information about traffic volume or passenger volume for each zone in the area. In developing countries, the paratransit mode produces varied OD data daily because it has stops at irregular nodes and times. This research uses Wi-Fi technology in to capture media access control (MAC) address passenger data during paratransit service. The objective of this study is to make OD or boarding alighting data based on Wi-Fi estimated. The result showed some characteristics and/or similarities with dates or routes. A high correlation is shown on all days for the Antang route (0.85) and on August 27, 2018, for the Antang route (0.79). For the accuracy of each Wi-Fi device result, A high correlation was obtained for the Antang, Cendrawasih, Daya, and Panampu routes.
... Operating space for the most common wireless standards in Improved Restricted Access Window Mechanism for IEEE 802.11ah Performance Optimization terms of power consumption and implementation complexity are depicted in Fig. 1. [8], [9]. ...
... . IOT NETWORK STANDARD COMPARISON[8]-[12] purpose of fill the gap between traditional mobile networks and the growing demand for wireless sensor networks. The IEEE 802.11ah standard itself was published in May 2017 and is comparatively new. ...
... Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) [5] is a trademark of Wi-Fi Alliance and is defined as a product that corresponds to a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) based on the Electronic Engineers Association (IEEE) 802.11 standard. Wi-Fi is a technology that allows access to wireless NFC networks within a certain distance from where the AccessPoint (AP) is installed, and 802.11b or 802.11g uses the 2.4 GHz (12 cm) and 5 GHz (6 cm) wireless bands. ...
... Bluetooth [5] that is developed by the Bluetooth Technology Multinational Alliance (SIG), is an NFC device that connects and exchanges information with NFC devices in a communication standard designed with short distances and low power based on transceiver microchips. The communication distance of Bluetooth is a class 2 device that is mostly used in smart phones and laptops, with a minimum range of 5 meters to 10 meters. ...
... In a bus study, the use of a Bluetooth detector and Wi-Fi is considered more suitable because the number of bus users and the passengercarrying capacity varies; hence, the process of analyzing OD data for each bus stop is very diverse (Haseman et al., 2010). However, Bluetooth connects devices over short distances, whereas Wi-Fi can connect devices over long distances (Pothuganti and Chitneni, 2014). In two studies conducted in a bus, Wi-Fi technology was applied to a large bus (Dunlap et al., 2016) and a small bus in a small city (Hidayat et al., 2018a). ...
The main objective of this study is to estimate bus passenger volume based on a Wi-Fi scanner transportation survey. The study proposes a new data cleaning procedure to characterize bus passenger volume using a combination of media access control (MAC) address and global positioning system (GPS) data. We used a Wi-Fi scanner to detect the MAC addresses of individual bus passengers. The Wi-Fi scanner, used as a tool to capture passenger device data, can engage in a probe request mode to capture the MAC addresses of mobile devices or other Wi-Fi-enabled modalities without connecting to the internet. The approach proposed in this study can yield the passenger volume outputs for various bus route sections. A comparison of the passenger volume results obtained from Wi-Fi data and ground truth data indicates that the number of passengers determined from the former is less than that from the latter. The correlation between Wi-Fi estimation and ground truth is 0.78, and the trend line in both methods is similar. Therefore, the cleaning procedure proposed in this study can effectively clean raw Wi-Fi data to extract passenger volume data.
... Therefore, Wi-Fi is mostly applied at home and ZigBee is widely used to transmit long distance data like in the jungle or sea. Table 3 shows the comparison of Bluetooth, Zigbee and Wi-Fi protocols [63]. ...
... Comparison of the Bluetooth, Zigbee and Wi-Fi Protocols[63]. ...
Wearable devices like FitBit, Garmin and Amazfit smartwatch have become popular in recent years. Athlete like swimmers and runners mostly use smartwatch to track speed of the swim or run using embedded global positioning system (GPS) sensor in the wearable devices. Unfortunately, high jump sports still on the old style in tracking the movement of the jump by using vision system. Thus, this paper presents an overview on related work, existing methods and developments on the area of wearable sensor for high jump sports. The analysis of high jump sports related works in terms of main injury and parameters to prevent the injury are being analysed. The used of biosensors in recent wearable devices has been also reviewed in term of the types and issues of sensor that need to implement in the wearable device. Other than that, the processing methods that contains Internet of Thing (IoT) gateway device, network transmission and real-time monitoring system (RtMS) are proposed to develop a complete wearable device. Finally, the main injury parameters of the high jump sports and sensors related to the parameter has been reviewed and an overall idea of processing method RtMS has been summarised.
... In bus study, the use of a Bluetooth detector and Wi-Fi on a bus is more predictable because the bus users and the passenger-carrying capacity varies so the process of analyzing OD data for each bus stop is very diverse (Haseman et al., 2010). However, Bluetooth is more useful for short distance device, and Wi-Fi is more beneficial for long distance device (Pothuganti and Chitneni, 2014). The Wi-Fi applicationwas applied to a big bus (Dunlap et al., 2016), a small bus ina small city (Hidayat et al., 2018a).On bus Wi-Fi survey, the cleaning process algorithm is more straightforward because the bus has bus stops and timetable. ...
Paratransit service has characteristics such as no stopping spot, no timetable, and irregular pattern because stopping depends on driver or passenger demand. This study uses Wi-Fi scanner equipment to capture media access control (MAC) address of the paratransit passenger in Makassar city, Indonesia. The objective of this study is 1) to produce a cleaning procedure to clean Wi-Fi raw data from non-passenger data, 2) to match data between ground truth and Wi-Fi, and 3) to make an OD or boarding alighting data based on Wi-Fi estimated. The result showed that 1211 of the 2925 real passengers from Wi-Fi data after MAC address processing matched with ground truth data, and the possible similarity in the number of actual passenger and MAC address is 41.4%. The trend between Wi-Fi cleaning result and ground truth is similar and the same tendency. The correlation value between Wi-Fi cleaning result and ground truth is 0.89.
... The aim of D2D communication is to leverage on the physical proximity of communicating devices to extend the cellular coverage mostly in sparse environments. D2D communication supports various technologies such as Ultrawideband (UWB), Near Field Communications (NFC), ZigBee, Bluetooth, WiFi Direct or LTE Direct [8]. ...
... One of the subtypes of this technology is Low-Rate WPANs (LR-WPANs). LR-WPAN provides low-cost communication networks, consumes minimal power, and enables a reliable data transfer protocol [74,75]. In general, two types of devices can be used in LR-WPAN network including full-function device (FFD) and reduced function device (RFD). ...
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem that integrates physical objects, software and hardware to interact with each other. Aging of population, shortage of healthcare resources, and rising medical costs make IoT-based technologies necessary to be tailored to address these challenges in healthcare. This systematic literature review has been conducted to determine the main application area of IoT in healthcare, components of IoT architecture in healthcare, most important technologies in IoT, characteristics of cloud-based architecture, security and interoperability issues in IoT architecture and effects, and challenges of IoT in healthcare. Sixty relevant papers, published between 2000 and 2016, were reviewed and analyzed. This analysis revealed that home healthcare service was one of the main application areas of IoT in healthcare. Cloud-based architecture, by providing great flexibility and scalability, has been deployed in most of the reviewed studies. Communication technologies including wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID), ZigBee, and Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (LoWPAN) were frequently used in different IoT models. The studies regarding the security and interoperability issues in IoT architecture in health are still low in number. With respect to the most important effects of IoT in healthcare, these included ability of information exchange, decreasing stay of hospitalization and healthcare costs. The main challenges of IoT in healthcare were security and privacy issues.
