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Comparison of psychological assessments between plant and computer stimuli. (A) Feelings of comfort, (B) the feeling of relaxation, and (C) the feeling of naturalness. N = 24, mean ± SD, **P < 0.01 according to the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
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![Figure 3: Comparison of average log[LF/(LF + HF)] of HRV during the...](publication/275666367/figure/fig2/AS:267423320375304@1440770096135/Comparison-of-average-logLF-LF-HF-of-HRV-during-the-plant-and-computer-tasks-N24_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 4: Comparison of average log[LF/(LF + HF)] and logHF of HRV...](publication/275666367/figure/fig3/AS:267489389051945@1440785848618/Comparison-of-average-logLF-LF-HF-and-logHF-of-HRV-during-the-last-3min-of-plant-and_Q320.jpg)
Developments in information technology cause a great deal of stress to modern people, and controlling this stress now becomes an important issue. The aim of this study was to examine psychological and physiological benefits of interaction with indoor plants.
The study subjects were 24 young male adults at the age of 24.9 ± 2.1 (mean ± SD). The cros...
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Patients with epilepsy and those with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) experience high levels of stress and stress is one of the most frequently self-identified seizure precipitants. Although stress is a multifaceted phenomenon, few studies have systematically examined its different components in patients with seizures. The aim of...
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... Indoor plants as a nature-based intervention offer frequent and prolonged contact with nature [59,60] and the opportunity to interact with nature intentionally and directly [61,62], as well as the flexibility (variety and aesthetic) within personal spaces [63] to improve an individual's psychological and physiological well-being [64][65][66]. Studies have shown that engaging with indoor plants (for example, transplanting houseplants for 15 min) can significantly reduce psychological and physiological stress, offering a respite from the demands of mental work [67]. Additionally, simply gazing at indoor plants has been found to alleviate work-related stress [68], and the presence of indoor plants has been associated with lower blood pressure and improved cognitive function [69]. ...
... Previous research has shown that engaging with indoor plants demonstrates encouraging results in reducing stress and improving wellness [62,69]. Lee et al.'s [67] findings indicate that active interaction with indoor plants can reduce physiological and psychological stress by suppressing sympathetic nervous system activity and lowering diastolic blood pressure. Female participants exhibited improved task performance when a plant was present in the room [128]; this enhancement was found to be attributed to a positive change in mood [128,129]. ...
Stressful life events are often undesirable, inevitable, and significant changes in one’s life, often triggering rumination and posing risks to mental health. However, these risks can be managed through coping strategies. Contact with nature has been shown to reduce rumination and enhance mental well-being. The current study investigated the effectiveness of a one-month nature-based intervention in enhancing psychological well-being and building resilience to manage rumination following a stressful life event. In this mixed-method study, 26 participants were randomly allocated to either an experimental group (n = 13), which tended to the Zamioculcas zamiifolia indoor plant for one month, or a waitlist control group (n = 13). Quantitative findings showed that tending to indoor plants was significantly effective in reducing depressive symptoms (p = 0.003), perceived stress (p < 0.001), negative affect (p = 0.017), and rumination (p = 0.015), as well as in enhancing resilience (p = 0.03) compared to the control group post-intervention. Qualitative findings provided insight into how the nature-based intervention fosters rumination resilience, the mediating effects of tending to an indoor plant, and the contribution it makes to psychological well-being. ‘Offers a slice of nature by bringing the outside, in’ demonstrates how caring for indoor plants creates a bridge for connection with nature. ‘Fosters an emotionally regulating personal sanctuary’ captures how tending to indoor plants can help manage emotions and provide a sense of empowerment that helps mitigate the tendency to ruminate. ‘Plants seeds for improving self-care, personal growth and introspection’ highlights indoor plants as a symbolic representation of resilience and renewal. A narrative emerges: as indoor plants grow and thrive with attention, so too does the individual, forming a deep, reciprocal relationship between nature and personal well-being. This study demonstrates nature’s role in coping with stressful life events and developing rumination resilience, paving the way for further research to explore its caveats and refine and expand nature-based interventions.
... Designing restorative spaces is a prerequisite for creating effective therapeutic home environments, as they support both mental and physiological recovery from health-harming stressors [214]. By emulating the restorative properties of the natural environment, biophilic interior design serves as an evidence-based strategy to promote relaxation and homeostatic rebalancing of the autonomic nervous system [127, [215][216][217]. Below, we outline the perspectives for developing "therapeutic home environment" interventions aimed at improving the prevention and treatment of diverse chronic diseases. ...
... For anxiety, biophilic elements improve relaxation, as reflected in reducing sympathetic and increasing parasympathetic activity [127, [215][216][217]. As illustrated in Figure 3, creating a refuge space at home that incorporates house plants and wooden elements, like furniture and flooring, can further enhance relaxation effects through both visual and nonvisual perceptions [133,[225][226][227][228][229]. ...
A high prevalence of chronic diseases exposes diverse healthcare pain points due to the limited effectiveness of pharmaceutical drugs and biologics, sedentary lifestyles, insufficient health literacy, chronic stress, unsatisfactory patient experience, environmental pollution and competition with commercial determinants of health. To improve patient care and long-term outcomes, the impact of the home environment is overlooked and underutilized by healthcare. This cross-disciplinary work describes perspectives on (1) the home environment as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and (2) transforming health-centric household goods e-commerce platforms into digital health interventions. We provide a rationale for creating therapeutic home environments grounded in biophilic design (multisensory, environmental enrichment) and supporting physical activities, quality sleep, nutrition, music, stress reduction, self-efficacy, social support and health education, hence providing clinical benefits through the modulation of the autonomic nervous system, neuroplasticity and behavior change. These pleiotropic “active non-pharmacological ingredients” can be personalized for people living with depression, anxiety, migraine, chronic pain, cancer, cardiovascular and other conditions. We discuss prospects for integrating e-commerce with digital health platforms to create “therapeutic home environment” interventions delivered through digital therapeutics and their combinations with prescription drugs. This multimodal approach can enhance patient engagement while bridging consumer spending with healthcare outcomes.
... Ayrıca, teknolojinin hızla gelişmesiyle birlikte akıllı ev sistemleri ve dijital tasarım araçlarının kullanımı da iç mimarlık alanında artış göstermektedir. Bu teknolojiler, kullanıcılara daha fazla konfor ve kontrol imkânı sağlarken, tasarım sürecini de daha esnek ve verimli hale getirmektedir (Lee & Park, 2015). ...
... In horticultural activities, plants have a positive effect on individuals. Even in flower-arranging activities, it was shown that blood pressure decreases and alpha brain wave activity increases (Lee et al. 2015;Tao et al. 2020). Indoor horticultural activities among elementary school students have been shown to enhance concentration , and visual stimulation from green plants has a positive effect on concentration and emotional stability in elementary school students (Oh et al. 2019). ...
... When comparing horticultural activities with computer operation, horticultural activities have been associated with increased comfort, relaxation, and a natural feeling. These activities also lead to increased parasympathetic nervous system activity and decreased blood pressure, indicating both psychological and physiological relaxation (Lee et al. 2015). In addition, horticultural activities have been linked to improved upper limb and hand functionality (Park et al. 2013;Son et al. 2022) and enhanced balance perception among rehabilitation patients (Lee 2017). ...
This study investigated whether coding (computer programming) and horticultural activities alone and combined have psychophysiological and psychological effects. Compulsory computer programming has been required in elementary schools in South Korea since 2018. A total of 34 participants, who were students between the ages of 11 and 16 years were involved in the study. Participants undertook the following activities in random order: connecting components, coding, horticultural activities, and combining coding and horticultural activities (run program, horticultural activities, and coding modifications). Brain waves were measured during the activity, and a subjective self-report evaluation was conducted at the end of each activity. In a spectral edge frequency of 50% of the alpha spectrum band, which indicates a comfortable, stable, and relaxed state, there was a significant difference in the left prefrontal pole when participants performed a combination of coding and horticultural activities ( P < 0.001). In addition, there were significant differences in the coding activities based on horticultural activities ( P < 0.05, P < 0.001), with a relatively low beta, indicating attention and alertness; relative mid beta, indicating active awareness; ratio of SMR to theta, indicating focused attention; and the ratio of mid beta to theta, indicating concentrated focus. It is judged that activities involving plant engagement can contribute to comfort, stability, focused attention, and positive effects in response to active stimuli. As a result of a subjective evaluation, it was found that horticultural activities had a positive effect on participants’ emotions ( P < 0.01). This study demonstrates that horticulture-based coding activities have a positive impact on physiological relaxation and cognitive enhancement, and are also associated with subjectively reported positive emotions.
... Many studies have shown that exposure to nature has a positive impact on people's psychological as well as physiological aspects, which can help to improve people's emotional state, attention restoration, mental state, behavior, and health [20,21]. Plants can alleviate physiological stress [22] and negative psychological symptoms [23,24], and through horticultural therapy can improve or treat some mental health problems and have a positive effect on the recovery of patients with clinical depression [24][25][26]. ...
A living wall, when integrated with a mechanical ventilation system, can effectively improve the indoor thermal environment and reduce indoor CO2 concentration during the transition season. In this study, a control experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of a living wall integrated with mechanical ventilation (LW-V) on indoor air quality. During the experiment, indoor air temperature, relative humidity, indoor air speed, and CO2 concentration were measured, while the skin temperature was monitored and subjective questionnaires were administered to 60 subjects. The results show that the indoor environment was effectively improved by employing the LW-V system, with the average indoor temperature decreasing by 1.45 °C, while relative humidity increased by 19.1%. Due to the plant photosynthesis, CO2 concentrations were reduced by 13.83 ppm. Meanwhile, the mean skin temperature was reduced by 0.18 °C and was closer to the neutral mean skin temperature. Questionnaire analysis reveals the LW-V system improved overall air freshness sensation and thermal comfort level by 1.09 and 0.53, respectively. The LW-V system improved the indoor thermal environment as well as air quality during the transition season significantly.
... Moreover, the aesthetic enjoyment provided by Floral Health Tourism, including the colors, shapes, and fragrances of flowers, not only satisfies visual and olfactory sensory enjoyment but also serves as a form of artistic and emotional inspiration. Research by Lee et al. (2015) also supports the positive effects of interacting with plants in reducing psychological and physiological stress. Finally, as carriers of culture, flowers bear the historical and symbolic significance of different regions and ethnicities. ...
... Despite a large body of research confirming the emotional, physical, and cognitive benefits of engaging with the natural environment and plants, whether indoors or outdoors (Aydogan & Cerone, 2021;Barbiero, Berto, Venturella, & Maculan, 2021;Kuo, 2015;Kuo, Barnes, & Jordan, 2019;M. Lee, J. Lee, Park, & Miyazaki, 2015), there is still a lack of teaching examples. This lack highlights the current inadequacy of didactical examples that illustrate the central importance of considering plants as a valuable educational resource. In the realm of educational design, time emerges as a pivotal factor in nurturing a profound connection with educational living b ...
The pedagogy of listening, which originated in the Reggio Emilia approach and is known for the promotion of discussion and democratic participation, serves as the basis for exploring the integration of plants as educational resources. This study aims to elucidate behaviors, methods, and interpretations related to plant-based education through individual interviews with teachers and educators in formal and informal contexts. The interviews will explore the influence of adults on children in relation to plants, examining the impact of time on strategies and the role of listening. The findings could identify factors that influence educators' planning and potentially shift perspectives by recognising plants as "sensitive" entities. Documenting educators' efforts in plant-based education could be crucial, providing a repository of innovative ideas to influence curricula and teaching methods. This study argues for a paradigm shift in education towards the promotion of sustainability and the consideration of the needs of all living beings.
... Hal ini tidak lepas dari peran serta tanaman yang memberikan ragam fungsi bagi kehidupan manusia, salah satunya dapat mengurangi stress fisik dan gejala negatif psikis (Fjeld, 2000;Chang dan Chen, 2005). Kontak dengan tanaman adalah intuitif dan aktivitas nonverbal yang dapat memberikan stabilitas psikologis dan kenyamanan dengan merangsang empat indera melalui berbagai cara (Lee et al., 2015;Pratiwi et al., 2020). Lee et al. (2015) menambahkan bahwa interaksi aktif seseorang dengan tanaman indoor dapat mengurangi stress fisik dan psikis. ...
... Kontak dengan tanaman adalah intuitif dan aktivitas nonverbal yang dapat memberikan stabilitas psikologis dan kenyamanan dengan merangsang empat indera melalui berbagai cara (Lee et al., 2015;Pratiwi et al., 2020). Lee et al. (2015) menambahkan bahwa interaksi aktif seseorang dengan tanaman indoor dapat mengurangi stress fisik dan psikis. Bagi pasien rumah sakit, melihat tanaman asli bahkan foto tanaman saja, dapat menurunkan level stress (Beukeboom et al., 2012;). ...
dr A Dadi Tjokrodipo Regional Hospital Bandar Lampung is one of the hospitals whose mission to create a clean, green and pollution-free hospital environment. This mission is in line with the Program of the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, namely The green hospital Program, a hospital which has designed, built/renovated, operated and maintained by considering the principles of health and a sustainable environment. The implementation of the green hospital principles at dr A Dadi Tjokrodipo Regional Hospital has not been optimal, one area which is the landscape of the hospital gate. This study aims to provide recommendations in the landscape design of hospital gate by implementing the principles of green hospital to support dr A Dadi Tjokrodipo Regional Hospital towards green hospital in Bandar Lampung. This study used design method modified from LaGro (2013) which consisted of a site survey stage; literature study; analysis-synthesis stage and conceptual design stage. Based on the results of this research, the implementation of green hospital principles in the landscape design of the dr A Dadi Tjokrodipo Regional Hospital applied to two major criteria, namely design and construction criteria and operational criteria. Design and construction criteria implemented include land development criteria and healing garden criteria. The operational criteria applied include transportation criteria and green material procurement criteria. Design recommendations based on the principle of green hospital can be followed up in the form of detailed engineering design (DED) documents and proposed budget plans so that the design can be implemented in the field.
... This reduction is achieved through the inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system's activity and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure. Additionally, individuals report increased feelings of comfort, tranquillity, and a sense of natural well-being [5]. ...
In recent times, there has been a noticeable trend towards increased indoor living, driven by the allure of convenience. However, this trend has raised concerns about heightened exposure to indoor pollutants, which significantly impact air quality and contribute to stress. Indoor plants are renowned for their air-purifying and stress-reducing qualities, serving as natural solutions to enhance indoor air quality. Nevertheless, many people struggle to care for them due to time constraints or a lack of expertise. This research endeavors to bridge the gap between the benefits of indoor plants and the hurdles of their maintenance. Furthermore, it acknowledges the significance of decluttering indoor spaces to alleviate stress, with pegboards emerging as a popular organizational choice. The primary objective of this study is to introduce an innovative solution: a modular, magnetic pegboard system featuring purpose-built modules. This multifunctional pegboard system serves a dual purpose. Firstly, it streamlines organization, effectively reducing the stress induced by desk clutter. Secondly, it fosters an environment conducive to indoor plant care, making it accessible to all, including those with limited horticultural knowledge.
Additionally, strategically placed indoor plants can offer natural shade and insulation, potentially reducing the need for excessive heating or cooling in indoor spaces. This, in turn, can lead to lower energy consumption and decreased greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with sustainable material use. Pegboards constructed from sustainable materials, such as wood, can indeed be eco-friendly choices that contribute to the overall reduction of the environmental footprint in living spaces.
The primary focus of this study centers on the design, development, and implementation of this user-friendly pegboard system, underscored by its adaptability and positive impact on indoor well-being, air quality, and sustainability. By means of this innovation, the research aspires to elevate indoor spaces, fostering healthier and more harmonious living and working environments, well-being, and air quality.
... Houseplants have been extensively studied for their positive effects and benefits on human well-being (Lee et al., 2015). Interacting with indoor plants has been shown to reduce both psychological and physiological stress. ...
... Subjects reported feeling more comfortable, calm, and natural after engaging in plant transplantation tasks compared to computer work. Moreover, diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased following plant transplantation tasks (Lee et al., 2015). Adachi, Rohde, and Kendle (2000) investigated changes in human emotions across three different room conditions: one adorned with flowers, one with foliage, and one devoid of adornments. ...
