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![Figure 10. Plot of ln [(2/8) * MR] versus DT.](publication/373240256/figure/fig4/AS:11431281182827319@1692581643195/Plot-of-ln-2-8-MR-versus-DT_Q320.jpg)
Researchers have carried out the kinetics of various agro products for open sun drying, but research articles still need to address such analysis for cotton seeds. Open sun drying of cotton seeds has been experimentally investigated and presented in this paper. Shorting of cotton seeds was carried out to collect appropriate samples in current resea...
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... Finally, to confirm the reliability and applicability of the developed mathematical model, it is required to validate it through comparison of its predictions with individual experimental data. Numerous mathematical models of drying conducted in recent years have been validated with experimental results (Ajah et al., 2023;Balzarini et al., 2018;Costa et al., 2022;Myhan & Markowski, 2022;Nazarova et al., 2022;Patel et al., 2023;Reppich et al., 2021). This validation process ensures the accuracy and effectiveness of the model in predicting the drying characteristics of the material under varying conditions. ...
This review paper mainly concentrates on mathematical models, simulations, and CFD studies in the field of convective drying of fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of past and current research and recent studies on mathematical modeling for convective drying of fruits and vegetables, with a special consideration of computational approach studies. The main parameters in numerical models of drying fruits and vegetables are presented, and fundamental literature studies in numerical analysis in convective drying are showcased. The main mathematical models, boundary equations, transfer mechanisms, and solution methods are introduced. The simulation of the drying process throughout computational fluid dynamics (CFD) allows for the examination and exploration of airflow and temperature distribution patterns. In this paper, the main CFD software packages used in drying applications have been discussed with their advantages, limitations, and applications. To better understand the drying processes, the factors affecting drying kinetics have been explained. This comprehensive review will be useful for future studies on drying processes, in particular for analysis, optimization, and design of new drying systems.
... Fick's second law was employed to describe the drying processes of food material during falling rate [17,23,25] as expressed in Equation (7) to determine effective diffusivity coefficients at different drying temperatures. ...
... The D eff of the leaves were obtained by plotting Ln MR versus time Arrhenius Equation generally describes that the D eff is dependent on temperature [18,25]; ...
... The drying rate was highest at 70 • C during the first 30 min of drying, and it also showed that drying occurred at a falling rate, and no constant rate was recorded. Similar results have been observed in the drying of different fruits and vegetables: Indian spinach [6], pepper [7], and cotton seeds [25]. Akpinar et al. [10] reported that drying during the falling rate period is governed by water diffusion in the solid. ...
... Several studies are presented for the DK behaviour of various herbs, vegetables, fruits and agro products like parsley, mint, basil (Akpinar, 2006), rough rice (Kumar et al., 2021) apricot, grapes, peaches, fig, plum (Toĝrul andPehlivan, 2004), apricot (Pehlivan, 2003), potato slices (Pandiaraj et al., 2022), red pepper (Akpinar et al., 2003), carrot (Doymaz, 2004), eggplant (Ertekin and Yaldiz, 2004), Citrus aurantium leaves (Mohamed et al., 2005), black turmeric (Lakshmi et al., 2018), grapes (Hamdi et al., 2018), Moroccan horehound leaves (Bahammou et al., 2019), beef (Mewa et al., 2019) and stevia leaves (Castillo Téllez et al., 2018). Authors recently published a research paper on the mathematical modelling of cotton seed dried in open sun (Patel et al., 2023). DK analysis of the whole gooseberry was also presented by Chauhan and Kumar (Chauhan and Kumar, 2018), dried in a greenhouse with the north wall insulated. ...
