Table 4 - uploaded by Munassir Alhamami
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Source publication
The majority of the published studies on multilingualism concentrate on education, while only a few published papers describe this concept outside the education environment. The current descriptive study uses Makkah City as an example to describe two multilingual phenomena: Umrah and Hajj as examples of permanent and temporary multilingualism pheno...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... modern standard Arabic is probably the most spoken Arabic dialect by Arabic domestic Hajjis. Table 4 compares the number of non-Saudi pilgrims who traveled to Makkah to participate in the Hajj in 2016 and 2017. The number of pilgrims increased in 2017 for each group with different ratios. ...
Context 2
... Arabia is not included in this ratio. Table 4 shows a 30.8% increase in the number of non-Saudi pilgrims compared with the prior year. ...
Context 3
... modern standard Arabic is probably the most spoken Arabic dialect by Arabic domestic Hajjis. Table 4 compares the number of non-Saudi pilgrims who traveled to Makkah to participate in the Hajj in 2016 and 2017. The number of pilgrims increased in 2017 for each group with different ratios. ...
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Citations
... 2 EMI makes learners learn better. 3 Teaching in English can promote students' interest in learning more. 4 ...
Medium of instruction has been shifting towards English, thereby producing English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in Saudi higher education due to internationalization, globalization, economic and technological advancement. Saudi universities have been adopting EMI to address the needs of the day and the demands by the stakeholders and students. This study explores the perceptions of Saudi university students and teachers about the use of EMI in the Saudi higher education. The participants are 80 students and 20 university teachers affiliated to Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A five-point Likert-scale questionnaire was used to collect data. The findings show that both teachers and students hold positive perceptions about the use of EMI in Saudi universities. The findings suggest that teachers hold stronger positive attitudes towards the use of EMI. Students demonstrate a positive attitudinal behavior when teachers switch to Arabic while teaching. Findings further show that the use of EMI may hamper the native language and culture as perceived by the students. A number of implications have been suggested as students may feel hesitant to speak in English due to their low English proficiency.
... It is about 64 km away from Taif city. 4 Every year, it is visited by hundreds of people from different countries (Alhamami 2018). This is to perform Hajj and Umrah: two Islamic rituals. ...
Post-focus compression (PFC), in which words following focus are compressed in F 0 and intensity, is recently found to be effective in encoding focus. Recent studies find that PFC is present in Egyptian, Hijazi and Lebanese Arabic, and hence they are classified as +PFC languages. However, there are languages from the same family language which differ mainly in terms of the presence and absence of PFC. The current study investigated the production and perception of prosodic focus marking in Makkan Arabic, an under-researched Arabic dialect. Systematic acoustic analyses and statistical tests show that (a) the on-focus word is realized by expanding the excursion size, increasing the F 0 and strengthening the intensity of its stressed syllable, (b) information and contrastive focus are not prosodically distinguishable, (c) Makkan Arabic lacks PFC, and (d) focus recognition is low compared to Hijazi Arabic (+PFC), Taiwanese and Taiwan Mandarin (other −PFC languages). The new findings, taken together with recent findings, suggest that (1) the prosodic encoding of focus is different across Arabic dialects productively and perceptually, and (2) the on-focus raising is not a sufficient factor in recognizing prosodic cues to focus. These results contribute to broadening our understanding of different prosodic focus markings cross-linguistically and cross-dialectally.
... Patients have spoken Egyptian Arabic, Tunisian Arabic, Sudanese Arabic, Jordanian Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, and Algerian Arabic, among other dialects of the same language. [31] However, the management is not hampered by this difficulty. Patients are kindly handled and treated as is known about the Almadinah community, in addition to the existence of new generations who can express instructions to their parents. ...
Background
The study aimed to identify the level of satisfaction and confidence of dental intern students in emergency care emergency room (ER) during COVID-19 Pandemic in order to determine factors that influence their satisfaction such as patient's age, gender, and ethnicity.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted at Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah-Taibah University Dental-College and Hospital. The overall sample included in analysis was 105 dental interns with an average age of 24.7 years who were treating patients between July 2019 and August 2020 in emergency dental clinics at TUCDH.
Results
The survey response rate was 100% and 51.4% of the participants felt comfortable and 80% felt confident on emergency days. However, male interns were significantly more comfortable and confident than females ( P = 0.001 and 0.022 respectively). Endo-emergency constituted 77% of dental emergencies followed by surgery. 81.9% believe that age is the most challenging factor affecting their ER work, and most of them do not believe that patient's gender and ethnicity affect their performance. Stock shortages were the biggest challenge for their supervisor-led management.
Conclusion
Majority of interns feel satisfied with their management of emergency cases during COVID-19 Pandemic with superior male significant meaning. More emergency training programs should be established in the educational dental curriculum to improve their satisfaction and confidence rate, especially for females during pandemics.
The majority of the published studies on multilingualism concentrate on education, while only a few published papers describe this concept outside the education environment. The current descriptive study uses Makkah City as an example to describe two multilingual phenomena: Umrah and Hajj as examples of permanent and temporary multilingualism phenomena, respectively. This study uses government and published statistics to illustrate each multilingual phenomenon. First, this research describes temporary multilingual phenomenon and uses Hajj to illustrate it. Second, the current study describes permanent multilingualism phenomenon by using Umrah as an example. Third, this study discusses the issues related to the diversity of native speakers in one location. Lastly, research agendas are suggested.
