FIGURE 4 - uploaded by Diego Bogarín
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Comparison between anther cap shape in L. bruncana and L. tricolor. A-C. L. bruncana. A. from D. Bogarín 3987. B. from F. Pupulin 2780. C. from A. Karremans 1076. A'-B' L. tricolor. A'. from D. Bogarín 733. B'. from JBL-06408. All vouchers in JBLspirit collection. Scale bar = 5 mm. MAP 1. Distribution of L. bruncana and L. tricolor.

Comparison between anther cap shape in L. bruncana and L. tricolor. A-C. L. bruncana. A. from D. Bogarín 3987. B. from F. Pupulin 2780. C. from A. Karremans 1076. A'-B' L. tricolor. A'. from D. Bogarín 733. B'. from JBL-06408. All vouchers in JBLspirit collection. Scale bar = 5 mm. MAP 1. Distribution of L. bruncana and L. tricolor.

Citations

... DNA barcoding has been proposed as a genetic tool that may help identify and document orchid taxa in the wild. DNA barcoding has been used to assess genetic variation in congeneric orchid species (Yao et al. 2009;Xiang et al. 2011;Singh et al. 2012), identify new orchid species (Bogarin 2007;Pessoa et al. 2012), detect illegal orchid trade (Subedi et al. 2013;Vu et al. 2020), and catalogue species richness in areas of high orchid biodiversity (Lahaye et al. 2008). The rbcL and matK gene regions of the chloroplast genome may hold promise for species identification in orchid taxa (CBOL Plant Working Group 2009). ...
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Orchidaceae is among the largest plant families in the world; that is why it is notoriously difficult to identify species using traditional taxonomic methods. This problem is especially apparent in the Andean region of South America, a global hot-spot for orchid diversity. Plant DNA barcoding has been proposed to help with orchid species discrimination. However, the utility of the rbcL and matK DNA barcode markers to discriminate between orchid species still needs investigating. The goal of this study is to determine the utility of the rbcL and matK DNA barcode markers to discriminate orchid species from a localized Andean montane forest in Ecuador. A total of 174 samples from the Siempre Verde Preserve, Ecuador, were sequenced, returning 51 unique rbcL and 81 unique matK barcode gene region sequences. Similar rates of sequencing success, rbcL (76%) and matK (75%), were found for both gene regions. Sequences were then queried to GenBank, where top matches were compared to the taxonomic identification of samples. Analysis of 132 unique orchid sequences indicated that, overall, the matK gene region was more robust for species (63%) and genus level (78%) discrimination compared to the rbcL gene region (species: 29%; genus: 36%). However, for 11 of 29 genera, rbcL and matK had similar success at genus level discrimination. Collectively, results emphasize the utility of the matK DNA barcode for the discrimination of orchid taxa and the importance of incorporating taxonomic and genetic methods when investigating the identity of plant species from complex groups.
... Diversity in number, shape, orientation, and packaging of pollinia (including the degree of tetrad packing, the state of the pollini a, the form, arrangement, orientation, and possible dimorphism of massu- lae), as well as the structure, development, or- ganization and shape of poIlinaria (including the presence of caudicles and their composition, a nd the presence, number and shape of stipes), have been employed as sources of characters at vari- ous systematic levels to define taxa from species to subfamilies. The use of pollinaria information as a n addition al tool in taxonomic work is a cur- rent practice at Lankester Botanical Garden (LBG), where researchers make use of their morphological features in a broad range of sys- tematic applications (i.e., Dressler & Klikunas 2006, Pupulin 2007a, 2007bBogarfn 2007, Pupulin in press). As pollinaria are less subject to parallelism than other floral features, their morphology also played a significant role in the FIGURE 3. A. Cases hosting the collection of pol- linaria. ...
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The relevance of pollinaria study in orchid systematics and reproductive biology is summa-rized. The Orchid Pollinaria Collection and the associate database of Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, are presented. The collection includes 496 pollinaria, bèlonging to 312 species in 94 genera, with particular emphasis on Neotropical taxa of the tribe Cymbidieae (Epidendroideae). The associated database includes digital images of the pollinaria and is progressively made available to the general public through EPIDENDRA, the online taxonomic and nomenclatural database of Lankester Botanical Garden. Examples are given of the use of the pollinaria collection by researchers of the Center in a broad range of systematic applications.