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Columbicola asukae n. sp. ex Columba janthina janthina. (A) Male head, dorsal and ventral views. Pulvinus omitted for clarity. Abbreviations used: ads ¼ anterior dorsal seta; amhs ¼ anterior medial head seta; as1 ¼ anterior seta 1; avs1–3 ¼ anterior ventral setae 1–3; dsms ¼ dorsal submarginal seta; mds ¼ mandibular seta; mts1–5 ¼ marginal temporal setae 1–5; os ¼ ocular seta; pas ¼ preantennal seta; pcs ¼ preconal seta; pmhs ¼ posterior medial head seta; pns ¼ postnodal seta; pos ¼ preocular seta; pts ¼ posttemporal seta; s1–6 ¼ sensillae 1–6; vsms1–2 ¼ ventral submarginal setae 1–2. (B) Female right antennae, ventral view. (C) Male thorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. (D) Male genitalia, dorsal view. (E) Female terminalia, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: A, B, E ¼ 0.1 mm; C, D ¼ 0.5 mm.
Source publication
The chewing louse fauna of pigeons and doves in Japan is reviewed based on published records and new collections. An updated checklist of the chewing lice of Japanese pigeons and doves is provided and 3 new species are described: Columbicola asukae n. sp. and Coloceras nakamurai n. sp., both from Columba janthina Temminck, 1830 (Japanese wood pigeo...
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The chewing louse subgenus Cicchinella new subgenus is erected and described for species of Guimaraesiella Eichler, 1949, parasitizing Old World babblers (Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae). The subgenus is divided into three species groups based on chaetotaxy, head and genitalia of both sexes. Two species are redescribed: Guimaraesiella (Ci...
Citations
... Guimaraesiella inaccessibilis and G. aedon are thus the latest in a growing list of lice known from rare or threatened hosts (e.g. Pérez & Palma 2001;Gustafsson & Olsson 2012;Leonardi & Palma 2013;Rózsa & Vas 2014;Gustafsson et al. 2015Gustafsson et al. , 2021. At least 12 species of lice have probably become extinct in recent years (Mey 2005), and many more are found on endangered hosts (Rózsa & Vas 2014). ...
We describe Guimaraesiella (Guimaraesiella) inaccessibilis sp. nov. from the Inaccessible Island finch, Nesospiza acunhae Cabanis, 1873 (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), and Guimaraesiella (Guimaraesiella) aedon sp. nov. from the Nightingale Island finch, Nesospiza questi Lowe, 1923. Considering that the conservation status of both host species is "vulnerable", it can be assumed that G. (G.) inaccessibilis and G. (G.) aedon are also vulnerable.
... General terminologies for head chaetotaxy can be found in Clay (1951) for the Ischnocera, Clay (1969) for the Menoponidae, Nelson (1972a) for the Ricinidae, and Kim et al. (1986) for the Anoplura. Additional head setal characters for the Ischnocera can be found in Valim & Silveira (2014) and Gustafsson et al. (2015). ...
A checklist of the 88 genera and 332 species of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) recorded from Sweden is provided, including records of 128 species and 12 genera hitherto not reported
from Sweden. Philopterus linariae (Piaget, 1885) is reported for the first time from Spinus
spinus (Linnaeus, 1758). Actornithophilus sedes Eichler, 1944, is reported for the first time
from Calidris alpina alpina (Linnaeus, 1758). We confirm that Austromenopon lutescens
(Burmeister, 1838) naturally occurs on Tringa glaroela (Linnaeus, 1758). A brief overview
of the knowledge of the louse fauna in the other Nordic countries, a basic overview of louse
morphology, and a key to the lice of Sweden are also provided.
... pigeons and doves worldwide (Bush et al. 2009, Gustafsson andBush 2015). Columbicola spp. ...
Chewing lice comprise a large group of ectoparasites that colonize and adversely affect several domestic and wild birds including pigeons. In Saudi Arabia, there is a lack of studies describing such ectoparasites and their infestation rates. Through this work, a new record, Columbicola, tschulyschman Eichler (C. tschulyschman Eichler) was collected from domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica, Linnaeus). The collected C. tschulyschman Eichler was morphologically identified based on specific taxonomic keys. Mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (EF-1α) gene fragments were used for molecular identification and phylogenetic reconstruction. In this study, the C. tschulyschman Eichler accounted for around 69.40%. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. tschulyschman Eichler in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. To improve the tree topology and differentiate between genera, further studies should utilize the 16s rRNA.
... Presently, only a single species of phthirapteran louse is included on the IUCN Red List, Haematopinus oliveri (based on Gerlach 2014). However, a growing list of lice are known to be either already extinct, or occur on endangered or critically endangered hosts (Mey 2005;Leonardi and Palma 2013;Pérez et al. 2013;Gustafsson et al. 2015;Rózsa and Vas 2015). At least for the host-specific louse species on these lists, the threat status of the hosts implies that the lice themselves are also threatened; after all, if the host becomes extinct, the lice will presumably also go extinct. ...
... More often, informal assessments of threat status or coextinction risks are published (e.g. Rózsa and Vas 2015;Gustafsson et al. 2015;Ash et al. 2017), often due to a combination of lack of data and a reluctance to sample too many hosts in case parasite populations are vulnerable. However, Kwak et al. (2019) provided a formal framework for assessment of parasite species, allowing threat and conservation status to be evaluated more objectively. ...
The crested ibis has survived a dramatic population decline during the twentieth century, declining from a range across much of China, Japan, the Korean peninsula and nearby Russia, to a known world population of seven individuals. These formed the basis of a successful breeding program in Shaanxi, China. We examined ibises in this breeding program for ectoparasites, to establish whether any of the three chewing louse species known from this host had survived this severe host population bottleneck. We recovered representatives of three species of lice, identified as the same species as those previously known from the wild populations: Ardeicola nippon, Colpocephalum nipponi, and Ibidoecus meinertzhageni. Of these, the two first species were recovered from almost all examined hosts, whereas I. meinertzhageni was more rare. As these lice are host specific, this implies that all three louse species remarkably survived this bottleneck, and are now thriving in both the reintroduced and captive populations of crested ibis. This constitutes an unintentional success story in the conservation of parasitic species. We provide the first photos of all three species, as well as a preliminary assessment of their conservation status, and discuss the future of chewing louse conservation.
... Most other surveys have focused on either specific louse genera or specific host groups of an area (e.g. Emerson & Elbel 1957;Gustafsson et al. 2015Shimada & Yoshizawa 2020). For other Asian countries, the louse fauna is partially known (e.g. ...
... Terminology and abbreviations of morphological and setal characters follow Clay (1951), Mey (1994), Smith (2000), Gustafsson et al. (2015, Gustafsson & Bush (2017) and . Abbreviations used are: ads = anterior dorsal seta; as1 = anterior seta 1; dsms = dorsal submarginal seta; mts1-5 = marginal temporal setae 1-5; os = ocular seta; pmes = posterior mesosomal setae; pns = postnodal seta; ps = pleural seta; psps = principal postspiracular seta; pst1-2 = parameral setae 1-2; pts = posttemporal seta; s1-9 = sensilla 1-9 [of dorsal postantennal head]; ss = sutural seta; sts = sternal setae; tps = tergal posterior setae; vms = vulval marginal setae; vos = vulval oblique setae; vss = vulval submarginal setae. ...
... In some cases, museum collections contain lice from birds that are so rare in their natural environment that collecting fresh material should be discouraged to avoid driving the louse populations to extinction. Some examples are: Ardeicola nippon Hajela & Tandan, 1968 from the Japanese crested ibis; Coloceras nakamurai Gustafsson et al., 2015 from the Japanese wood pigeon; and Olivinirmus amamiensis Mey, 2017 from Lidth's jay. ...
Five new species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) are described and illustrated from Chinese birds, as follows: Cuculicola calyptocamptus new species ex Hierococcyx sparverioides (Vigors, 1832) (Cuculiformes), Goniocotes kristinae new species ex Lophura swinhoii (Gould, 1863) (Galliformes), Goniocotes rolandi new species ex Crossoptilon harmani Elwes, 1881 (Galliformes), Rallicola (Rallicola) tibetana new species ex Zapornia bicolor Walden, 1872 (Gruiformes), and Resartor elugeus new species ex Alcippe fratercula yunnanensis Harington, 1913 (Passeriformes).
... Two thirds of louse species are associated with only a single host species (Durden and Musser 1994;Smith 2004). The genus Columbicola comprises 91 known species, all found on pigeons or doves (Bush et al. 2009;Gustafsson et al. 2015;Adly et al. 2019); most of these louse species are found on a single host species (Johnson et al. 2007(Johnson et al. , 2009). ...
The pigeon louse Columbicola columbae is a longstanding and important model for studies of ectoparasitism and host-parasite coevolution. However, a deeper understanding of its evolution and capacity for rapid adaptation is limited by a lack of genomic resources. Here, we present a high-quality draft assembly of the C. columbae genome, produced using a combination of Oxford Nanopore, Illumina, and Hi-C technologies. The final assembly is 208 Mb in length, with 12 chromosome-size scaffolds representing 98.1% of the assembly. For gene model prediction, we used a novel clustering method (wavy_choose) for Oxford Nanopore RNA-seq reads to feed into the MAKER annotation pipeline. High recovery of conserved single-copy orthologs (BUSCOs) suggests that our assembly and annotation are both highly complete and highly accurate. Consistent with the results of the only other assembled louse genome, Pediculus humanus, we find that C. columbae has a relatively low density of repetitive elements, the majority of which are DNA transposons. Also similar to P. humanus, we find a reduced number of genes encoding opsins, G protein-coupled receptors, odorant receptors, insulin signaling pathway components, and detoxification proteins in the C. columbae genome, relative to other insects. We propose that such losses might characterize the genomes of obligate, permanent ectoparasites with predictable habitats, limited foraging complexity, and simple dietary regimes. The sequencing and analysis for this genome were relatively low-cost, and took advantage of a new clustering technique for Oxford Nanopore RNAseq reads that will be useful to future genome projects.
... Two thirds of louse species are associated with only a single host species (Durden and Musser 1994;Smith 2004). The genus Columbicola comprises 91 known species, all found on pigeons or doves (Bush et al. 2009; Gustafsson et al. 2015; Adly et al. 2019); most of these louse species are found on a single host species (Johnson et al. 2007(Johnson et al. , 2009). ...
The pigeon louse Columbicola columbae is a longstanding and important model for studies of ectoparasitism and host-parasite coevolution. However, a deeper understanding of its evolution and capacity for rapid adaptation is limited by a lack of genomic resources. Here, we present a high-quality draft assembly of the C. columbae genome, produced using a combination of Oxford Nanopore, Illumina, and Hi-C technologies. The final assembly is 208 Mb in length, with 12 chromosome-size scaffolds representing 98.1% of the assembly. For gene model prediction, we used a novel clustering method ( wavy_choose ) for Oxford Nanopore RNA-seq reads to feed into the MAKER annotation pipeline. High recovery of conserved single-copy orthologs (BUSCOs) suggests that our assembly and annotation are both highly complete and highly accurate. Consistent with the results of the only other assembled louse genome, Pediculus humanus , we find that C. columbae has a relatively low density of repetitive elements, the majority of which are DNA transposons. Also similar to P. humanus , we find a reduced number of genes encoding opsins, G protein-coupled receptors, odorant receptors, insulin signaling pathway components, and detoxification proteins in the C. columbae genome, relative to other insects. We propose that such losses might characterize the genomes of obligate, permanent ectoparasites with predictable habitats, limited foraging complexity, and simple dietary regimes. The sequencing and analysis for this genome were relatively low-cost, and took advantage of a new clustering technique for Oxford Nanopore RNAseq reads that will be useful to future genome projects.
... Valim & Silveira (2014) proposed a nomenclature for the postantennal head sensilla. This system has since been expanded by Gustafsson et al. (2015) and used in several recent publications (e.g. Gustafsson & Bush 2017;Gustafsson et al. 2020). ...
The lice of the Oxylipeurus-complex parasitising the turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, belong to a previously undescribed genus. In this paper, we describe this genus as Valimia new genus, redescribe two of its species: Lipeurus polytrapezius Burmeister, 1838 and Oxylipeurus corpulentus Clay, 1938, and describe the new species Valimia necopinata, discovered during our examination of samples of the two known species. This occurrence represents the first record of three congeneric species of chewing lice parasitising the same host individual.
... Recently, several new species of chewing lice were described from columbiform host in different parts of the world (e.g. Bush et al., 2009;Naz et al., 2012;Gustafsson et al., 2015). Together, these descriptions and ours highlight indicate the fact that there is more louse species to be found not only in rare or seldom caught groups of birds, but even in such relatively well studied groups as pigeons and doves. ...
Little information is available about the chewing lice of wild birds of Egypt, including common groups such as pigeons and doves (Columbiformes). Through this work, parasitic chewing lice of common columbiformes of Egypt were revised including new data. Three species of pigeons and doves (Streptopelia decaocto Frivaldszky 1838, Spilopelia senegalensis Linnaeus 1766 and Columba livia Gmelin 1789) were examined for chewing lice at three different localities. A total of 124 specimens of lice were collected. Nine species were identified from these samples; one species (Columbicola joudiae n. sp.) was considered a new species to science, six species were recorded from Egypt for the first time, and two species have been identified in Egypt before. Taxonomic and ecological remarks for all identified chewing lice samples are provided along with known and local hosts, measurements and material examined. Description and images of the new species are also provided.
... Harrison's rule is particularly striking in the genus Columbicola (Clayton et al., 2003;Johnson et al., 2005). The number of described species of Columbicola has recently increased to 90, all of which are host-specific 'wing lice' that parasitise pigeons and doves (Bush et al., 2009;Gustafsson et al., 2015). Like other species of feather lice (Ischnocera), wing lice feed on feathers and complete all stages of their life cycle on them. ...
1. Harrison's rule, which predicts that large‐bodied species of hosts have large‐bodied species of parasites, has been documented in a wide diversity of parasites.
2. Harrison's rule has been most thoroughly studied in avian feather lice, which escape from host defence (preening) by hiding in the feathers. Lice that are unable to hide are selectively removed by preening. Preening selects for small lice on small hosts, which have small feathers in which to hide.
3. Preening should not, however, select for large lice on large hosts. Instead, the larger size of lice on large hosts is thought to result from a positive relationship between size and fecundity, as shown for many other insects.
4. This study tested for a size–fecundity correlation within Columbicola columbae, the host‐specific ‘wing louse’ of rock pigeons (Columba livia).
5. The results confirm a positive relationship between female body length and number of eggs laid.
6. The study thus supports a mechanism consistent with stabilising selection leading to the evolution of the Harrison's rule pattern among species of Columbicola and their hosts.
