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Four species of Devario are recorded from Bangladesh: D. aequipinnatus, D. anomalus, D. coxi, new species, and D. devario. Devario aequipinnatus has a wide distribution in northern India and Bangladesh. Devario coxi, from southeastern Bangladesh near Cox’s Bazar, differs from D. aequipinnatus in mtDNA (COI, p-distance 1.8%), colouration, proportion...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... large rivers and beels [7][35] (pers. obs.; Fig 3), contrasting with other Devario which occur mainly in small streams. ...
Context 2
... distribution. In Bangladesh, D. aequipinnatus is found in small numbers in fast flowing small streams within the Karnafuli, Feni, and Meghna drainages (Fig 3). Records from the Tista and Brahmaputra drainages in India suggest that it occurs in similar habitats further to the west or northwest. ...
Context 4
... fin semihyaline or pale grey; grey stripe along middle rays. Juveniles (Fig 3) with dark brown cleithral spot, about 5 pale vertical bars from about 20 mm SL; broad P stripe, indistinct P-1 stripe and contrasting interstripes I and I-1 pos- teriorly on side. ...
Context 5
... distribution. Known only from Bangladesh, recorded from coastal streams between Himchori and Teknaf, and the middle Sangu River upstream of Bandarban (Fig 3). ...
Context 6
... is no colour description, which is remarkable, as D. aequipinnatus has been iden- tified by later authors as a species with distinctive striped colour pattern, and stripes are men- tioned in the colour description and shown in the drawing of D. ostreographus in the same paper [13], p. 392, pl. 46 [= 45], Fig 3). The tongue is described as thick and corrugated, and whereas a tongue is absent in Devario, the skin covering the floor of the gape is thick with transverse grooves. ...
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... A total of eleven freshwater fish species have been reported from Hopong in previous papers (Hora and Mukerji 1934, Roberts 2007, Kullander et al. 2017). All of them, except for Barbus hexastichus (valid as Neolissochilus hexastichus), are judged to be included in the 25 species reported in this study. ...
Hopong, a small town in the Salween (Thanlwin) River Basin, Myanmar, is located 35 km northeast of Inle Lake, a famous ancient lake with numerous endemic fish species. We surveyed the fish fauna of a spring pond in Hopong in 2016, 2019 and 2020 and identified 25 species. Of these, seven, including Inlecypris auropurpureus and Sawbwa resplendens , had been considered endemic to Inle Lake and at least three species were genetically unique. Eight were suspected or definite introduced species, including Oreochromis niloticus and Gambusia affinis . We were unable to identify a nemacheilid species of the genus Petruichthys , which would need a taxonomic examination. The Hopong area is being developed rapidly and, hence, it is crucial to conserve its native fish species and the freshwater ecosystems.
... The genus shares with some other danionine genera-Chela Hamilton, 1822, Laubuka Bleeker, 1859, Microrasbora Annandale, 1918, and Betadevario Pramod, Fang, Rema Devi, Liao, Jameela Beevi and Kullander, 2010-the presence of supraorbital recesses filled with neuromasts, but in contrast to those genera the paired maxillary barbel is absent or very short in Devario. Several phylogenetic studies recovered Devario as monophyletic, including distinct species groups, but the species representation was limited (Pramod et al. 2010;Kullander et al.;2017;Sudasinghe et al. 2020;Tang et al. 2010). Kottelat (2013Kottelat ( , 2020 treated Inlecypris Howes, 1980, as a valid genus, comprising Devario auropurpureus (type species), D. jayarami (Barman, 1985), D. shanensis (Hora, 1928), and D. maetaengensis . ...
... The sample of spotted specimens was initially determined as Devario browni sensu Fang (2000). This identification was adopted by Kullander (2017) and Kullander et al. (2017). Revision of this sample and comparison with syntypes of Devario browni showed, however, that the initial attribution was incorrect. ...
... Material for genetic analysis was not available of Devario browni. In a phylogenetic analysis of Devario based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c subunit I gene (mt-coI), Kullander et al. (2017) recovered D. browni (= D. ahlanderi) clustering with species from the Irrawaddy River basin -D. fangae Kullander, 2017, D. kakhienensis Anderson (1878, D. cf. ...
Specimens of Devario from a tributary to the Salween River in Myanmar initially identified as Devario browni but with a different colour pattern, were subjected to a comparative morphological analysis with syntypes and other specimens of D. browni from near its putative type locality. The Salween sample was recognised as representing a distinct species, here named Devario ahlanderi. No significant morphometric differences were found between D. ahlanderi and D. browni. The type series of Devario ahlanderi differed from D. browni and most other species of Devario in the presence of 14 vs 12 circumpeduncular scale rows. Devario ahlanderi, D. browni, and D. fangae shared subadult colour pattern. Adult D. ahlanderi differed from adult D. browni in the trunk colour pattern, consisting of rows of dark blotches or short vertical bars. In D. browni, the flank colour pattern consisted of horizontal dark stripes, the middle of which (the P stripe) frequently diverged anteriorly, enclosing a small light blotch. Specimens previously reported as D. browni from the upper Salween River basin in Yunnan differed slightly in colour pattern, and may represent a distinct species. Devario ahlanderi shared spotted colour pattern with that of one ontogenetic state in D. kysonensis, except that a row of spots marking the P-1 stripe in D. kysonensis was absent in D. ahlanderi. The minimum genetic distance between D. ahlanderi and congeneric species varied from 2.1 to 5% in the mt-coI gene.
... Introgressive hybridization in freshwater fishes (in particular in the family Cyprinidae) is a frequent biological process with more than 100 cases reported (review in Scribner et al., 2000). For example, Kullander et al. (2017) and Sudasinghe et al. (2020) (Mayr, 1942) which postulates that two populations are different species if they are reproductively isolated or, at least, if they maintain their genetic and phenotypic distinctiveness despite ongoing gene flow (Carstens et al., 2013;de Queiroz, 2007). At one locality (locality 9, Figure 1 Malay Peninsula does not represent a homogeneous biogeographical unit because the fauna (especially fresh water) of the west part of Peninsular Malaysia is more similar to that of west Sumatra than that of east Peninsular Malaysia (e.g., Lim et al., 2016;Tan et al., 2012). ...
The taxonomic status of the Southeast Asian spotted barb, Barbodes binotatus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) has puzzled researchers due to large but inconsistent geographic variation of its body melanin marking pattern. In this study, we appraise the differentiation of Barbodes binotatus and two closely related species, Barbodes rhombeus and saddle barb, Barbodes banksi, in Peninsular Malaysia using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Our results reveal that the Peninsular Malaysia populations of each of the three species form largely reciprocal monophyletic lineages that differ from each other by a minimum of 2.3% p‐genetic distance using COI gene. However, specimens of B. binotatus in Peninsular Malaysia are only distantly related to specimens of B. binotatus in Java (type locality). The monophyly of B. banksi is not refuted although specimens of Peninsular Malaysia are genetically distinct from those of Sarawak (type locality). We discuss alternative hypotheses whether each of these three valid species is a single species or each of the main five genetic lineages revealed in this study represents a distinct species. Preliminary investigations reveal a mito‐nuclear discordance at one locality in Peninsular Malaysia where B. binotatus and B. banksi co‐occur. Further studies should inform on the extent of reproductive porousness between these two lineages and others.
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... Firstly, to identify the direct GenBank submissions of specimens of Devario. For this purpose, we used the reference dataset of confidently identified species of Devario from Kullander et al. (2017) and sequences generated in the present study. In an integrative framework that combines geographical data and reference databases, this enables us to identify these sequences more reliably and hence to interpret our phylogenetic inferences more meaningfully. ...
... Based on the reference dataset of confidently-identified samples of Devario from Kullander et al. (2017) and the sequences generated in the present study, the GenBank cox1 sequences with known geographic localities were identified reliably (Table S2, Fig. S5). The various molecular species delimitation methods employed (ABGD, GMYC, PTP, bPTP and mPTP) gave mostly congruent results. ...
... The shallower body and shorter barbels in the population referred to D. annnataliae may be a consequence of phenotypic plasticity, possibly driven by factors such as stream gradient and predator abundance (e.g., see de Barros et al., 2019;Langerhans and DeWitt, 2004;Malato et al., 2017). Further, the p-distance of 0.2-0.4% between the population assigned to D. annnataliae and D. micronema elsewhere in the same (Gin River) basin is substantially lower than the~1.5% usually observed for closely related, morphologically diagnosable species of Devario (Kullander et al., 2017;present study); for instance, for cox1, D. pathirana and D. micronema differ by a minimum p-distance of 1.5% (present study) and D. aequipinnatus and D coxi, and D. fangae and D. kakhienensis by 1.8% (Kullander et al., 2017). Given the modest morphological disparity between D. annnataliae and D. micronema, taken together with the low divergence time (Fig. 5), the former cannot be considered an example of a cryptic species (Struck et al., 2018). ...
... aequipinnatus and D. malabaricus are two of the more widely studied of over 40 identified Devario species. 30,31 Both aforementioned Devario have been commonly referred to as giant danio. While two separate species, they possess significantly overlapping phenotypic characteristics. ...
Background:
Aquatic species in several clades possess cement glands producing adhesive secretions of various strengths. In vertebrates, transient adhesive organs have been extensively studied in Xenopus laevis, other anurans, and in several fish species. However, the development of these structures is not fully understood.
Results:
Here, we report on the development and functional morphology of the adhesive gland of a giant danio species, Devario malabaricus. We found that the gland is localized on the larval head, is composed of goblet-like secretory cells framed by basal, bordering, and intercalated apical epithelial cells, and is innervated by the trigeminal ganglion. The gland allows non-swimming larvae to adhere to various substrates. Its secretory cells differentiate by 12 hours post-fertilization and begin to disappear in the second week of life. Exogenous retinoic acid disrupts the gland's patterning. More importantly, the single mature gland emerges from fusion of two differentiated secretory cells fields; this fusion is dependent on non-muscle myosin II function.
Conclusion:
Taken together, our studies provide the first documentation of the embryonic development, structure and function of the adhesive apparatus of a danioninae. To our knowledge this is also the first report of a cement gland arising from convergence of two bilateral fields. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... The genus Devario is known by 10 species from northeast India including D. assamensis (Goswami et al. 2012). However, the current status of D. assamensis is uncertain because subsequently it was mentioned as a junior synonym of D. aequipinnatus (Kullander et al. 2017). Later on, one species, D. deruptotalea was discovered from Chindwin River drainage, Manipur (Eschmeyer 2012). ...
The genetic diversity of freshwater fishes is still anonymous in several drainage systems in northeast India. Moreover, the comparative genetic analysis is largely sporadic to judge their actual diversity and true status. We generated 89 DNA barcodes of 40 morphologically identified fishes collected from two major tributaries of Brahmaputra River. The comparative study revealed that most of the species were clearly discriminated by their estimated genetic distances and monophyletic clustering in Bayesian (BA) tree. Considering the genetic divergence (2%) for species discrimination boundary, the high genetic diversity (2.36–10.73%) was detected in 11 species (Macrognathus pancalus, Channa punctata, Puntius terio, Bangana ariza, Garra arupi, Badis badis, Mystus vittatus, Rita rita, Gagata cenia, Mastacembelus armatus, and Danio dangila), which signified the occurrence of concealed genetic diversity in this ecozone. However, the insignificant genetic distances were also noticed in few reportedly valid species: Channa stiktos and C. ornatipinnis (1.43%); Mystus ngasep, M. rufescens, and M. carcio (0.4%); Glyptothorax trilineatus, G. churamanii, and G. verrucosus (0.4%); Botia almorhae, B. histrionica, B. lohachata, and B. rostrata (0–0.4%); Barilius barilia and B. vagra (0.4%); Batasio merianiensis and B. tengana (1.2%); Puntius chola and P. fraseri (0%), Schistura beavani and S. paucireticulata (0%); hence to validate this species, generation of more barcode data was required from their types or topotypes. The present study would help to develop conservation schemes for the native species and collegiate ecosystem, which associated with the livelihoods of millions of ethnic communities in this region.
... There was no indication of contamination. Five species descriptions were already published based on the present material [16][17][18][19][20] . ...
... OBU 152 is complicated, as it includes specimens of Devario anomalus with D. aequipinnatus mitochondrial genome 18 . Devario coxi is here nested with D. aequipinnatus from which it was diagnosed morphologically and by mitochondrial and nuclear genes 18 . ...
... Expectations of additional taxa from that area, are low, however. The coverage of the Chittagong Division, including Karnafuli and Sangu Rivers and the Cox's Bazar region provides for considerable new ocurrences and new species 16,[18][19][20] , but also strong affinity to the adjacent western Rakhine in Myanmar, e.g., in the shared distribution of Laubuka tenella 19 . Most of the samples, from the Meghna, Jamuna and Padma tributaries, reflect a common fish fauna with adjacent India, the samples from the Pyain River, draining the Garo Hills, provide a distinct representation belonging to the Eastern Himalaya Region 28 . ...
We sequenced the standard DNA barcode gene fragment in 694 newly collected specimens, representing 243 species level Operational Barcode Units (OBUs) of freshwater fishes from Bangladesh. We produced coi sequences for 149 out of the 237 species already recorded from Bangladesh. Another 83 species sequenced were not previously recorded for the country, and include about 30 undescribed or potentially undescribed species. Several of the taxa that we could not sample represent erroneous records for the country, or sporadic occurrences. Species identifications were classified at confidence levels 1(best) to 3 (worst). We propose the new term Operational Barcode Unit (OBU) to simplify references to would-be DNA barcode sequences and sequence clusters. We found one case where there were two mitochondrial lineages present in the same species, several cases of cryptic species, one case of introgression, one species yielding a pseudogene to standard barcoding primers, and several cases of taxonomic uncertainty and need for taxonomic revision. Large scale national level DNA barcode prospecting in high diversity regions may suffer from lack of taxonomic expertise that cripples the result. Consequently, DNA barcoding should be performed in the context of taxonomic revision, and have a defined, competent end-user.
... Observations of other species in southeastern Bangladesh show that the Sangu and Karnafuli Rivers share a distinct fish fauna (e.g., Rahman et al. 2018). Kullander et al. (2017) reported on introgression in Devario anomalus Conway, Mayden & Tang, 2009, a species restricted to the Sangu and Matamuhuri Rivers and coastal streams near Cox′s Bazar, by Devario aequipinnatus (M′Clelland,1839), a common species in the Karnafuli and more western drainages, but not recorded from the Sangu River. Devario coxi Kullander, Rahman, Norén & Mollah, 2017 is present in the same region; it is almost identical morphologically to, but genetically distinct from Devario aequipinnatus, which is widespread in northeastern India and adjacent Bangladesh and Nepal. ...
... Kullander et al. (2017) reported on introgression in Devario anomalus Conway, Mayden & Tang, 2009, a species restricted to the Sangu and Matamuhuri Rivers and coastal streams near Cox′s Bazar, by Devario aequipinnatus (M′Clelland,1839), a common species in the Karnafuli and more western drainages, but not recorded from the Sangu River. Devario coxi Kullander, Rahman, Norén & Mollah, 2017 is present in the same region; it is almost identical morphologically to, but genetically distinct from Devario aequipinnatus, which is widespread in northeastern India and adjacent Bangladesh and Nepal. Devario coxi is also present in the Matamuhuri River, but no genetic data are available for the Matamuhuri population (Kullander et al., 2017). ...
... Devario coxi Kullander, Rahman, Norén & Mollah, 2017 is present in the same region; it is almost identical morphologically to, but genetically distinct from Devario aequipinnatus, which is widespread in northeastern India and adjacent Bangladesh and Nepal. Devario coxi is also present in the Matamuhuri River, but no genetic data are available for the Matamuhuri population (Kullander et al., 2017). ...
Five species of Badidae are reported from Bangladesh, with morphological diagnoses and mitochondrial DNA sequences (cytochrome b, cytb; and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, coi). Dario kajal is recorded from Bangladesh for the first time with a precise locality. Badis badis is reported from several localities in central Bangladesh. Badis chittagongis is redescribed on the basis of samples from the region of Cox′s Bazar, including Maheskhali Island. Badis pallidus, new species, is described from the Sangu and Karnafuli River drainages in Bangladesh. It is most similar to B. chittagongis, but differs slightly in colouration and meristics, and is separated by 3.8% uncorrected p-distance in coi from B. chittagongis. Badis chittagongis and B. pallidus are almost identical in morphology, colour pattern and meristics, but occupy different habitats and are reciprocally allopatric. Pronounced genetic difference but similar morphology in these two species may be due to strong stabilizing selection for cryptic colouration in Badis. Badis rhabdotus is a new species from northeastern Bangladesh and adjacent Meghalaya in India. It is distinguished from congeneric species by the colour pattern, including well-defined narrow vertical bars; posterior bars curved; and meristics. Species delimitation analysis of an alignment comprising all coi sequences available from GenBank longer than 600 bp and attributed to species of Badidae (21 June 2018) plus our coi sequences and outgroup sequences of Nandus nandus, using pairwise p-distance and the computer software GMYC, ABGD, and bPTP, produced similar results. Among 103 coi sequences of Badidae, unidentified or tagged with one of 18 valid species names, uncorrected p-distance suggests 27 OTUs at 2% difference threshold; ABGD found between 15 and 55 OTUs; GMYC with single evolutionary rate 33 OTUs, with multiple evolutionary rates 32 OTUs; PTP, mPTP and bPTP 27–28 OTUs. Phylogenetic analysis based on coi and cytb sequences support previous analyses and previously proposed species groups. Inadequate recent species descriptions and many misidentifications or provisional identifications of published DNA sequences hamper progress in species-level systematics in Badis. Based on published morphological data, Badis triocellus cannot be distinguished from B. singenensis; Badis dibruensis and B. pancharatnaensis cannot be distinguished from B. badis; Badis andrewraoi, B. autumnum, B. kyanos, and B. soraya are insufficiently well distinguished from each other.
... Had Batuwita et al. found, for example, more than a single species of Devario in this region that might be identified as D. malabaricus as described by Jerdon (1849a), and hence needed to associate this name with one of them, those circumstances might have amounted to an 'exceptional need' justifying a statement that the designation was made 'with the express purpose of clarifying the taxonomic status or the type locality of a nominal taxon'. They did not, however, do either of these things and, as already pointed out by Kullander et al. (2017), their designation of a neotype for Perilampus malabaricus Jerdon is invalid. ...
We address several problems arising from 'A review of the genus Devario in Sri Lanka (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with description of two new species', a paper authored by S. Batuwita, M. de Silva and S. Udugampola and published in 2017 in the journal FishTaxa (2(3): 156-179). The neotypes they designate for Perilampus malabaricus Jerdon and Perilampus mysoricus Jerdon are inconsistent with article 75.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ('the Code') and are hence invalid. Devario udenii, which they describe as a new species, is shown to be indistinguishable from D. microne-ma sensu Batuwita et al. The characters by which they distinguish another new species, D. annnataliae, are shown to be self-contradictory, making it impossible to distinguish from its congeners; it is treated as a species inquirendum. The diagnoses provided for D. malabaricus, D. micronema and D. monticola are ambiguous and self-contradictory, rendering them unusable. Much of the material examined, stated to be in the collection of the National Museum of Sri Lanka, is not deposited in that institution: such material as is deposited is inconsistent with the specimen data published by Batuwita et al.
... They are members of the danioninae subfamily that display sizes markedly greater than that of danios such as the zebrafish [21]. Long considered members of the genus Danio, their phylogenies have been revised; these species have since been reclassified as one of now over 40 known Devario species [22,23]. Because of their size, both of these Devarios have been historically described and referred to as giant danios. ...
... They also represent the first record of overall growth and cardiac maturation of the DM from larva to adulthood under different constraints. To date, nearly 40 Devario species have been identified [22,23], however most of the available literature has involved the study of two members of this group: Devario cf. aequipinnatus [20,21,25,[27][28][29][30]35] and Devario malabaricus [26,42], both of which have been called giant danios. ...
Giant danios (genus Devario), like zebrafish, are teleosts belonging to the danioninae subfamily of cyprinids. Adult giant danios are used in a variety of investigations aimed at understanding cellular and physiological processes, including heart regeneration. Despite their importance, little is known about development and growth in giant danios, or their cardiac and coronary vessels development. To address this scarcity of knowledge, we performed a systematic study of a giant danio (Devario malabaricus), focusing on its cardiac development, from the segmentation period to ten months post-fertilization. Using light and scanning electron microscopy, we documented that its cardiovascular development and maturation proceed along well defined dynamic and conserved morphogenic patterns. The overall size and cardiovascular expansion of this species was significantly impacted by environmental parameters such as rearing densities. The coronary vasculature began to emerge in the late larval stage. More importantly, we documented two possible loci of initiation of the coronary vasculature in this species, and compared the emergence of the coronaries to that of zebrafish and gourami. This is the first comprehensive study of the cardiac growth in a Devario species, and our findings serve as an important reference for further investigations of cardiac biology using this species.
