Collaborative Housing Construction in Kampong in 1950s (Left) and Anjungs as Social Place in Malay House (Right) Source: Tang, Kampong Days: Village Life and Times in Singapore Revisited (Singapore: National Archives, 1993), 21-22.

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... in terms of operation methods, gotong royong (mutual aid in Malay) is the basic way to create and maintain living environment, which helped to develop a volunteer culture. For example, villagers' relatives and their neighbors engaged in building houses (Figure 1) and managing security work collaboratively. ...

Context 2

... in terms of space, porotype of participatory planning and common space could be viewed in Kampong: residents' own houses usually face to others with windows open on all sides, so as to ensure security and to improve ventilation; Anjungs (front porch in Malay, Figure 1) and courtyard were kept as semi-public space for communication. ...

Context 3

... It notes were given to each participant to write down their concerns and questions and to discuss solutions during cross group sharing (Figure 10), so as to get the design brief by brainstorming and voting. ...

Context 4

... Drawing and Collage Games evoked residents' awareness of community's current situation and possible activities and facilities in the future life. Each group was required to come out with a sketch of their design by collaging photos, drawings and descriptions on the A3 site picture (Figure 10), which provided significant foundation for subsequent steps. ...

Context 5

... Buffet provided the familiar setting of buffet meal to invite community stakeholders to design without prior training. 17 Design ingredients ( Figure 11) such as cut-out furniture catalogue, 3D base model in 1:30 and additional materials were prepared in a tray as -food‖ for participants to collect and carry out design by making models (Figure 12). ...

Context 6

... Buffet provided the familiar setting of buffet meal to invite community stakeholders to design without prior training. 17 Design ingredients ( Figure 11) such as cut-out furniture catalogue, 3D base model in 1:30 and additional materials were prepared in a tray as -food‖ for participants to collect and carry out design by making models (Figure 12). ...

Context 7

... design model in Singapore not only contributes to stimulating new space types, but also ensures that the design results meet the residents' needs. Firstly, two design typologies ( Figure 13) are developed, practiced and concluded through a series of projects: one is Neighbourhood Incubator, a one-stop community hub to promote community activities and ground-up initiatives; the other is Social Linkway, which introduces communal functions and facilities to the transitory linkways to encourage residents to linger for social communication. Secondly, neighbourhood relationship has been strengthened not only during the design process but also in the daily use of the newly created spaces. ...

Context 8

... instance, in the past two years, several community gardens have been set up near Social Linkways by informal leaders who participated in -Hello Neighbour!‖ (Figure 14). ...

Context 9

... on the perspectives of history and strategies, the historical continuity of public participation in shaping living environment is indicated: from selforganized operation, mutual-aided lifestyle and semi-public space, to multiple organizational support, participatory development process and community-based urban space. From this point, a community planning model based on interaction within system, environment and behavior could be concluded which targets at design process rather than physical environment (Figure 15). This model involves multiple fields such as urban planning, architecture design, economy and management, which requires involvement of professionals from different area as well as new department engaging in internal logic in interdisciplinary manner. ...

Context 10

... the way to establish a communication mechanism to break the barriers of various disciplines is still the shortcoming of current research. In addition, as the assessment from participants is gathered throughout the whole process and affects design results significantly, this trend could possibly develop the evaluation process from assessment model to optimization model (Figure 15), achieving self-development and self-renewal of the design process. ...