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Classification of rapid prototyping  

Classification of rapid prototyping  

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The 3D Printer is an additive manufacturing technology which is developing now a days as it has the potential to change the manufacturing industry. It takes few hours to develop a new product with this technology which was completed in day, months, and years with traditional technology. This is how it changing the world and so new and better machin...

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... The cost of a middle-range printer is approximately about $500 to $2000 range. They provide excellent build quality, higher print volumes, sophisticated features like heated beds, and better print quality [83,133]. ...
... It can make intricate patient-specific implants very easily which greatly assist a surgeon during a surgery. 65 , 66 The use of AM technologies provides a very unique time saving, cost effective and flexible approach to produce highly customized implants for patients with high levels of precision and accuracy. 67 In orthopaedics, AM has significantly beneficial role in bone ingrowths capabilities. ...
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Background Additive manufacturing (AM) being an integral component of the production offers a wide variety of applications in the production of different components. The medical industry after the introduction of Additive Manufacturing has resulted in several advancements. The production of intricate patient-specific implants is one of such advancements which greatly assist a surgeon during a surgery. Orthopedic implants apart from possessing good mechanical strength are also expected to exhibit good tribological and corrosion behavior. As a result, the development of various orthopaedic implants and tools has become simple with the use of additive manufacturing. Objectives and Rationale: In the current paper an effort has been made to discuss actual scientific knowledge on the tribo-corrosive behavior of additive manufactured parts for orthopedic applications. Different studies dealing with the mechanisms of lubrication and friction in synovial joints have also been considered. A special focus has also been laid down to study the corrosive effect of implants on the human body. A section dedicated to texturing of orthopedic implants has also been provided. The paper further elaborates the different research challenges and issues related to the use of additive manufacturing for the production of optimized orthopedic implants. Conclusion The study revealed that additive manufacturing has greatly aided in the manufacture of different orthopaedic implants with enhanced properties. However, a detailed study of the effect of processes like friction, wear, lubrication and corrosion in these implants needs to be done. The performance of these implants in the presence of various synovial fluids also needs to be addressed. However, the lack of more biocompatible materials, scalability and cost issues hinder the widespread use of AM in the different orthopaedic applications.
... Later, Charles Hull invented the stereolithography technique, which developed as the first commercial technology [1]. Additive manufacturing is the process of creating or fabricating a 3D object directly from a CAD model through layer-by-layer manufacturing [2]. In recent years, AM has attracted industrialists and researchers, and much effort has been put into this sector to develop faster and cheaper AM techniques that will help us get better print quality. ...
... The degree of freedom of the extruder and platform depends on the fabrication of the printer. Generally, the extruder has movement in the z-directions, whereas the build platform moves in x and y-directions [2]. The movement of the ...
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Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers flexibility in customising, designing, minimising waste, faster prototyping and manufacturing complex profiles. The process parameters play a crucial role in the mechanical strength of the 3D printed product. The paper's objective is to provide a concise review of additive manufacturing techniques, focusing on the Fused Deposition Method (FDM) and its process parameters, mainly infill pattern and infill density and its effect on the physical behaviour of 3D printed parts. The article also includes the functional and industrial applications of rapid prototyping. The article's contribution is to explain to the researchers from academics and industry how and why infill density and infill pattern affect the mechanical properties of the 3D printed part.
... Research has shown that current 3D-printing processes are limited by costs and availability of resources [11]. However, costs may become less of a concern in the future due to innovations that are giving rise to wider availability of low-cost printers [13]. Additionally, one systematic review has cited that the most significant concern was the additional time required to design, print, and finalize the 3D-printed models [14]. ...
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Introduction . Three-dimensional (3D) printing has received increased attention in recent years and has many applications. In the field of otolaryngology surgery, 3D-printed models have shown potential educational value and a high fidelity to actual tissues. This provides an opportunity for trainees to gain additional exposure, especially as conventional educational tools, such as cadavers, are expensive and in limited supply. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the uses of 3D-printing in otolaryngology education. The primary outcomes of investigation were surgical utility, anatomical similarity, and educational value of 3D-printed models. Secondary outcomes of interest included country of implementation, 3D-printer materials and costs, types of surgical simulators, and the levels of training of participants. Methods . MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar and previous reviews were searched from inception until June 2021 for eligible articles. Title, abstract, and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Data were analyzed using random-effects models. The National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool was used to rate the quality of the evidence. Results . A total of 570 abstracts were identified and screened by 2 independent reviewers. Of the 274 articles reviewed in full text, 46 articles met the study criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Surgical skill utility was reported in 42 studies (563 participants) and had a high degree of acceptance (84.8%, 95% CI: 81.1%–88.4%). The anatomical similarity was reported in 39 studies (484 participants) and was received positively at 80.6% (95% CI: 77.0%–84.2%). Educational value was described in 36 studies (93 participants) and had the highest approval rating by participants at 90.04% (87.20%–92.88%). A subgroup analysis by year of publication demonstrated that studies published after 2015 had higher ratings across all outcomes compared to those published prior to 2015. Conclusion . This study found that 3D-printing interventions in otolaryngology demonstrated surgical, anatomical, and educational value. In addition, the approval ratings of 3D-printed models indicate a positive trend over time. Future educational programs may consider implementing 3D-printing on a larger scale within the medical curriculum to enhance exposure to otolaryngology.
... Ever-evolving new technologies are being reported, starting with the stereo lithography-based production of Charles Hull's solid imaging process technology, which has made the greatest contribution to the advancement of 3D printing 11 . Numerous studies are underway on 3D printers, including various prototypes [12][13][14] , output processes and product completeness [15][16][17][18] , as well as strain sensors 19 , and innovative developments are being made to apply 3D printers more e ciently and inexpensively in various elds of both industry and academia, such as engineering 20,21 , construction 22,23 , aviation 24,25 , fashion 26-28 , and biology eld [29][30][31] . ...
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... The adoption of LCD instead of DMD determines a dramatic simplification in the 3DP apparatus (Mohamed et al., 2019). As a consequence, the cost of the machine can be drastically reduced (Kumar et al., 2016;Gupta et al., 2020). Resin-based 3DP processes like LCD are generally characterised by low layer height and high inplane resolution if compared to other AM techniques (Mao et al., 2017;Quan et al., 2020;Schweiger et al., 2021). ...
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... In the case of 4D printing, where 3D is merged with time as a function [40]. But, the same is not the case when it comes to 5D printing (5DP) as two additional axes were added, namely the movement of the printing head and the movement of the print bed at a specified angle [41]. 4D printing is a concept of using smart material that can change the shape of printed objects with changes in temperature and time [42]. ...
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... Clinician involvement in medical instrument design could enable mass customization of surgical instruments according to personal preferences and operative techniques (George et al., 2017). Such customization and enhanced functionality of instruments could, in turn, make medical procedures easier, reduce operating time and improve the clinician's comfort, as well as minimize procedure invasiveness, thereby optimizing clinical outcomes (Choi and Kim, 2015;Javaid and Haleem, 2018;Kumar et al., 2016). ...
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... 3D printing adalah teknik membuat objek 3D menjadi nyata dengan bantuan komputer, yang dasarnya merupakan manufaktur otomatis yang dapat mencetak objek dalam bentuk apapun dan bahan apapun. Objek yang dicetak dimulai dari bawah ke atas dalam bentuk tingkatan yang memiliki bentuk dan ukuran sesuai dengan bentuk objek (Kumar et al., 2016). ...
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... Le Tohic et al. (2018) developed a complex structure of cheese melted at 75 °C for 12 min using FDM food printing. Kumar et al. (2016) attempted to develop low-cost extrusionbased 3-D printer for meeting commercial interest. The study deals with operation problems, complexities, and challenges in developing the model, by using two different food pastes, including Nutella R ○ chocolate and sugar paste. ...
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There is a significant advancement in the modification of extruders for the commercial application in food processing sector, especially during the last three decades. Extrusion is one among the most commercially successful technology, escalating its demand in the diverse field of the food industry, including food processing, digital food marketing (3-D printed food) and food packaging. The paper aims to review the developments in the last 5 years. The novel innovations include hot-melt extrusion, supercritical fluid assisted extrusion and extrusion-based 3-D printing. Hot-melt extrusion finds application in developing food with taste-masking properties of functional components and with high repeatability andy targeted delivery with widespread application in meat replacements, cheese, cocoa etc. The supercritical fluids assisted extrusion is used to develop products rich in nutrients that are heat sensitive. Extrusion based 3-D printing is the latest trend focusing on digitalizing commercial food market with nutritionally personalized and geometrically complex food products. The review also gives lights to the application of extrusion in the food packaging sector as biodegradable polymers replacing synthetic petroleum products. It can be inferred that novel technologies in the extrusion have a promising future for the commercialization of both product and technology.