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Source publication
The Spanish Group for Children's Pain Study was created in 2017 in an aim to prevent, remove or reduce pain in neonates, infants, children and adolescents. Along with a diagnosis of pain, a paediatric patient may suffer from acute or chronic pain, neuropathic, nociceptive, or mixed pain, as well as pain from procedures, and post-surgical pain. Pain...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... in the paediatric population did not start gaining notice until the 1980s, when evidence emerged on the benefits of the intraoperative administration of opiates, compared to non-administration, in the surgical correction of patent ductus arteriosus, 5 and, as is the case in adults, can be classified in different ways depending on the aspect under consideration for its definition (Table 1): -Duration: acute pain is defined as pain of limited duration resulting from a normal and predictable physiological response to a noxious stimulus; chronic pain is pain lasting more than 3 months that cannot be attributed to an identified organic cause; and procedural pain is pain secondary to diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. -Pathogenesis: pain may be neuropathic if it results from a direct stimulus on the central nervous system or a lesion in the peripheral nervous system, characterised by sensory abnormalities such as burning sensations, allodynia or dysesthesias, among others; nociceptive, which itself can be classified into somatic, which develops at the musculoskeletal level, the skin or blood vessels as sharp and localised pain, and visceral, which results from the abnormal stimulation of visceral receptors and may radiate beyond the region where it originates; and mixed pain, which combines characteristics of neuropathic and nociceptive pain. ...Context 2
... pain is continuous if it persists through the day and does not relent; intermittent if it comes and goes; incident if it develops in association with a specific and avoidable cause; and/or irruptive (or perhaps irruptor 6 ), when there is a transient exacerbation of pain without an identifiable incident cause in a context of adequate pain control. -Intensity: there is mild, moderate and intense pain classified based on assessment by means of intensity scales validated for the specific age group (Table 1). ...Similar publications
Objectives: Oral sucrose is commonly used to provide analgesia to neonates during painful procedures, such as venepuncture. The additional benefits of reducing pain during venepuncture when oral sucrose is combined with nonpharmacological strategies have not been extensively studied. This randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of oral su...
Vital signs, such as heart rate and oxygen saturation, are continuously monitored for infants in neonatal care units. Pharmacological interventions can alter an infant's vital signs, either as an intended effect or as a side effect, and consequently could provide an approach to explore the wide variability in pharmacodynamics across infants and cou...
This paper presents the first multimodal neonatal pain dataset that contains visual, vocal, and physiological responses following clinically required procedural and postoperative painful procedures. It was collected from 58 neonates (27-41 gestational age) during their hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit. The visual and vocal data w...
Purpose of Review
Music therapy has seen increasing applications in various medical fields over the last decades. In the vast range of possibilities through which music can relieve suffering, there is a risk that—given its efficacy—the physiological underpinnings are too little understood. This review provides evidence-based neurobiological concept...
Citations
... 14 Williams and Craig's definition provided new nuances by adding cognitive and social aspects to the traditional description of pain. 15 Despite the relevance of pain control in paediatric patients with CP, its assessment and clinical management still need to be improved. 10 According to some research, female sex and older age are associated with a greater prevalence of pain in children and adolescents with CP. [16][17][18] In addition, pain occurs more frequently and more severely in patients with CP with a high degree of motor disability and comorbidities, and there is a consequent negative impact on their quality of life. ...
Aim
To investigate factors that influence the assessment of postoperative pain in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) and the tools available to determine pain intensity.
Method
The search was performed in January 2022 using six databases. Articles focused on paediatric patients with CP; we included instruments for postsurgical pain assessment in this population published in the last 11 years.
Results
Eight of 441 studies were included. Males and females behave differently; their families can be called on to describe their pain responses. Seven instruments for pain assessment were identified: the Non‐Communicating Children's Pain Checklist and its Postoperative Version; the Paediatric Pain Profile; the revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) pain scale; the Douleur Enfant San Salvador scale; the Pain Indicator for Communicatively Impaired Children; the University of Wisconsin Children's Hospital Pain Scale; and the Individualized Numeric Rating Scale.
Interpretation
The revised FLACC pain scale is suited to postsurgical units because of its ease of use and the fact that parental collaboration is not required. More studies are needed to demonstrate the clinical utility of these scales in postsurgical units and the factors that influence pain assessment.
What this paper adds
Families should be asked to collaborate when assessing pain in children and adolescents whenever possible.
Larger studies that focus on the factors influencing pain assessment in this population are required.
