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Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is the most sensitive biochemical marker of hepatocellular injury. The internationally accepted normal level for ALT is 30 U/L in males and 19 U/L in females. Body mass index (BMI) and sex have a significant influence on the ALT levels. Design: Prospective study. Aim: To define the normal serum ALT level in a lo...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... all donors we obtained data for age, sex, nationality, height, and weight. BMI was then calculated by the formula (weight/[height in meters] 2 ) and categorized as 1, under- weight; 2, normal; 3, overweight; 4, class I obesity; 5, class II obesity; or 6, class III morbid obesity (Table 1) for BMI classi- fication. We obtained blood samples for blood grouping and a complete blood count (CBC), which should be normal with hemoglobin of 12 g/L or more as well as serum lipids. ...
Citations
... The findings of this study are in line with the work of Hisham and Hind (2010). Hisham and Hind (2010), reported that there was no significant relationship between the activities of ALT amongst ABO blood groups in Cohort of healthy blood donors and volunteers from Saudi Arabia. ...
... The findings of this study are in line with the work of Hisham and Hind (2010). Hisham and Hind (2010), reported that there was no significant relationship between the activities of ALT amongst ABO blood groups in Cohort of healthy blood donors and volunteers from Saudi Arabia. Although the reason was not been addressed, Hisham and Hind (2010) stated however, that normal serum liver enzyme (particularly ALT) in selected population varies according to sex, age and ethnic origin. ...
... Hisham and Hind (2010), reported that there was no significant relationship between the activities of ALT amongst ABO blood groups in Cohort of healthy blood donors and volunteers from Saudi Arabia. Although the reason was not been addressed, Hisham and Hind (2010) stated however, that normal serum liver enzyme (particularly ALT) in selected population varies according to sex, age and ethnic origin. ...
The aim of this study is to determine the activities of some selected liver enzymes amongst apparently healthy subjects of different blood groups. The study involved 95 apparently healthy students of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria, between the ages of 18-30, and distributed as follows; blood group O (30), group AB (18), group A (22) and blood group B (25). Blood samples were collected from the antecubital vein and separated to obtain serum. The activities of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate amino transferase (AST) and Alanine amino transferase (ALT) in the serum were determined using the spectrophometric method and the results were compared using SPSS (version 15). The results showed that the activities of AST and ALT were not significantly different (p>0.05) among the blood groups. However, the activity of ALP was significantly different (p<0.05) from those of blood group A, AB and O. Based on the findings of this study therefore, ABO blood group variations may have an influence on some liver enzymes activity.
... Regarding AAR, in agreement with Kraja et al [27] who stated that there was no evidence of any significant association between esophageal varices and AST/ALT ratio, our results revealed that there was no significant difference between patients with EVs and those without. This could be attributable to the affection of serum ALT levels by many factors, such as gender, body mass index, as well as hepatotoxic medications, which subsequently affect AAR results [28] . ...
... The laboratory reference normal range of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at KAUH is 30 -65 U/L, and it is measured using a method reported in a previous study performed at our center (25). Normal upper serum ALT limits were defined as 45.25 U/L for males and 30.47 U/L for females (25). ...
... The laboratory reference normal range of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at KAUH is 30 -65 U/L, and it is measured using a method reported in a previous study performed at our center (25). Normal upper serum ALT limits were defined as 45.25 U/L for males and 30.47 U/L for females (25). The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) normal reference range is 15-37 U/L, and the normal reference range for platelet counts is 150 -400 k/µL. ...
... Several studies on the general population have shown that serum ALT levels increase with advanced age (25,37). However, our results showed an inverse relationship between ALT levels and age. ...
Background:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is being increasingly recognized as a cause of chronic liver disease. It has also been associated with devastating outcomes such as decompensated liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Objectives:
This study was conducted in order to assess liver fibrosis using Fibroscan, and to compare these results to the use of Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores, AST platelet ratio index (APRI scores), and the AST/ALT ratios on NAFLD patients.
Patients and methods:
A cross sectional study was conducted on NAFLD patients who underwent Fibroscan examinations between September 1, 2011 and June 30, 2014. Demographic data was collected, including sex, age, and nationality; serum alanine aminotransferase levels (ALT, 30 - 65 U/L), serum aspartate aminotransferase levels (AST, 15 - 37 U/L), and platelet counts (150 - 400 k/μL) were also determined. The stages of fibrosis (F0 1 - 6, F1 6.1 - 7, F2 7 - 9, F3 9.1 - 10.3, and F4 ≥ 10.4) were defined in kPa. For each patient, the AST/ALT ratio was also measured. The results of APRI and FIB-4 were compared with the Fibroscan fibrosis scores.
Results:
The results of 122 patients were analyzed, including 65 (53.3%) males with a mean age of 50.2 years (SD: 13.7; range: 18 - 86). The males were significantly younger than the females (48.7 years (SD: 16.03) versus 51.8 years (SD: 10.3 P = 0.05), respectively). The mean stiffness score was 12.02 (SD: 12.7) kPa. Forty-four patients (36%) had advanced fibrosis. The mean platelet and serum ALT levels were normal. There was a significant positive correlation between the Fibroscan results and the AST/ALT ratios, the APRI scores, and the FIB-4 results. Similarly, there was a significant positive correlation between age and fibrosis score, and a significant negative correlation between platelet count and stiffness score.
Conclusions:
The data showed that more than one-third of the cohort exhibited advanced fibrosis, demonstrating the need for the early diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD. The use of Fibroscan with other serum markers has been shown to be helpful for the diagnosis of severe fibrosis.
... On the other hand, several studies have shown that a normal level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a specific marker of liver disease, is significantly higher in men than women in the general population we have shown similar finding among Saudis. This finding requires a different understanding of elevated serum ALT between men and women [17][18][19]. ...
Liver disease is a leading cause for morbidity and mortality among males and females. Due to several sex hormonal differences between females and males, manifestations and outcomes of liver diseases are different between male and females and several previous reports had addressed these differences. Reports on liver disease among Saudis are sporadic mostly addressing one or two forms of liver disease separately with limited attention to the sex difference in liver disease. This paper is addressing common liver disease among Saudis, stressing on the gender difference in liver disease.
... Pradat et al. have shown that serum ALT is beneficial to measure due to its high sensitivity and specificity (2.25-fold greater than the normal levels predicts liver histology) [75]. However, serum ALT levels are affected by many factors, including gender, body mass index, and the use of hepatotoxic medications [76,77]. ...
Chronic liver diseases of differing etiologies are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Establishing
accurate staging of liver disease is very important for enabling both therapeutic decisions and prognostic evaluations. A liver biopsy
is considered the gold standard for assessing the stage of hepatic fibrosis, but it has many limitations. During the last decade,
several noninvasive markers for assessing the stage of hepatic fibrosis have been developed. Some have been well validated and are
comparable to liver biopsy. This paper will focus on the various noninvasive biochemical markers used to stage liver fibrosis
... Twelve of the patients in our cohort had AIDs. HCV is thought to trigger the immune system and is known to be associated with certain autoimmune phenomena such as livedo reticularis (33). Transfusion-related CHC in patients with SCA and thalassemia was associated with blood transfusions which had occurred before the start of the blood donor screening programs. ...
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a global infection. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of CHC is declining due to the implementation of a blood screening program. However, CHC still remains a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
This is a retrospective study of CHC patients at the King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Out of a total of 291 CHC patients from the hepatology clinic at King Abdul Aziz University hospital, Jeddah, 279 patients were included in the present study. They were primarily male (152, 54.5%), with a mean age of 50.41 ± 1.72 years. The majority of patients were either Saudi (108, 38.7%) or Egyptian (60, 21.5%). A total of 61 patients received combination treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, and one patient with sickle-cell anemia received pegylated INF monotherapy. Demographic, clinical and laboratory features of the CHC patients, and their responses to treatment were studied.
Decompensated cirrhosis was documented in 60 patients (21.5%), and hepatocellular carcinoma in 14 (5%). The mean level of serum alanine aminotransferase was 83.6 ± 231 u/L. The predominant genotype among the 70 patients tested, was genotype 4, followed by genotype 1 (39 and 18 patients, respectively). The sustained viral response (SVR) rate was 82.99%. The main predictive factors for SVR were baseline HCV viral load and rapid virologic response (RVR). The mean duration of follow-up was 4.2 ± .85 years. There were 24 patients who had liver disease-related mortality.
our data showed that 22% of CHC patients progress to cirrhosis and another 22% had treatment. Liver related mortality was more common in patients with advanced cirrhosis.
Fibrosis is a serious problem of chronic liver diseases. Liver fibrosis occurs as a response to different causes of chronic liver diseases. The diagnosing of the degree of liver fibrosis is an essential step in the assessment of the severity of the liver disease and is important for better patient care. The reference method for diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis is liver biopsy, but it is invasive with many complications and limitations. Up to date, many non-invasive direct or indirect serum markers representing the activity of fibrogenesis have been developed. The direct biomarkers are a mirror of extracellular matrix turnover and indirect markers reflect the hepatocellular dysfunction. These markers may be used single or, in conjugation with each other. The major objective of this review is to understand the diagnostic accuracy, advantages and disadvantages of non-invasive biomarkers and scoring systems currently being used for studying liver fibrosis.
