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Classical and 'Modern' letter proportions (adapted from (Cheng, 2006)). The typeface 'Trajan' by Carol Twombly (up) and the typeface 'Neoplanta BG' by Stjepan Fileki (down).
Source publication
At the threshold of the digital era, Zuzana Licko was of the opinion that familiar letterforms owe legibility to centuries-long exposure and that all new, prototypically unmatching forms would be equally legible if used as frequently. This paper examined the legibility in the context of familiarity – is it affected by the time of exposure to a part...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... first steps toward the modernisation of the Roman typeface design had to do with the changes to the proportions of the characters. The wide letters, which, like those they had been based on -capitalis monumentalis, filled a square, i.e. an inscribed circle, were narrowed, while the Humanist typeface letters, defined by a half-square, were widened ( Figure 2). Additionally, the axis of the letters was also altered, so it became perpendicular to the baseline, something that could already be found in the Transitional typefaces, e.g. ...
Similar publications
Certain font features (e.g., letter width) can change the amount of space occupied by text in published works. Font styles/features are also known to affect reading eye movements (EM); however, few studies have examined these effects - and none used high-resolution displays. We examined the effects of font width on EMs by utilizing four fonts, from...
Citations
... • Common typefaces are easier to read than uncommon typefaces (Benson, 1985;Frutiger, 1998;Licko, 2009;Nedeljković, Jovančić and Pušnik, 2020;Paterson and Tinker, 1932;Spencer, Reynolds and Coe, 1974;Tinker, 1963Tinker, , 1965). • Running text should have a "normal" combination of upper and lower-case letters. ...
... Now typography is "a means of communication in its own right" (van Leeuwen, 2006). Nedeljković, Jovančić, and Pušnik (2020) examined legibility in the context of familiarity. They had two hypotheses: ...
... H2: Exposure to a typeface and the universal skeleton provides better legibility. Nedeljković, Jovančić, and Pušnik (2020) compared reading performances at different levels of familiarity. The levels of familiarity depended on the common skeleton similarity, and the exposure. ...
In this book the focus is on graphic design. The practice of graphic design is as old as recorded history. The purpose of work with graphic design is to find a suitable presentation for the content with respect to the receiver, the subject matter, the medium, and the financial situation. Within a given area, such as a page in a book, a poster, a label, a computer screen, or a projected image the designer may alter the design of headings, margins, ornaments, pictures, space, symbols, and text. Graphic design is used as an important “tool” in the other four parts of message design. The most fundamental design technique is reduction. In graphic design the main objective is to provide functional, aesthetic, and organised structure to all kinds of information sets.
You can download the previous edition of this book from IIID Public Library < http://www.iiid.net/public-library/iiid-library/ > (almost at the bottom of the page).
IIID will soon upload the new editions here./Rune Pettersson
... Previous studies that examined the effects of practice sessions on reading unfamiliar typeface styles have yielded differing results depending on the test fonts and methodologies employed. While some studies found that after short practice sessions, participants showed improvement in identifying unfamiliar characters (Pelli et al., 2006) and increased their reading speed more with unfamiliar typeface styles than with familiar ones (Beier & Larson, 2013;Nedeljkovi et al., 2020), others found no improvement of sentence reading with their unfamiliar font stimuli after practice (Bernard et al., 2016). ...
There is much evidence that familiarity can affect perception of stimuli, with items that are familiar to the individual being preferred and better remembered. Previous research has also shown that familiarity with a typeface increases preference for it, but no studies have evaluated the impact of familiarity in relation to the affect towards handwritten text. For the present study, a two-part experiment (N = 422) was designed to measure how contemporary users of the Latin script perceive handwritten text. The first section was designed to collect specimens of the participants’ handwriting. The second, which was adapted to each participant’s handwriting style, measured implicit judgments of certain familiar letter shapes against unfamiliar ones. Results show that familiarity positively influences the extent to which one judges the friendliness and trustworthiness of handwritten text. Furthermore, the greater the similarity to how one writes a letterform, the greater the observed effect in terms of perceived friendliness. These findings suggest that people have an implicit bias towards handwriting that looks like their own.
... Es posible además estudiar la legibilidad de textos en relación con los atributos tipográficos, por ejemplo, familia tipográfica, interlineado, tamaño o espaciado de la tipografía, (S. Josephson, 2008;Minakata et al., 2021;Rauh et al., 2022) o de igual manera, en el contexto de la familiaridad con la tipografía (Nedeljković et al., 2020). ...
... Es posible además estudiar la legibilidad de textos en relación con los atributos tipográficos, por ejemplo, familia tipográfica, interlineado, tamaño o espaciado de la tipografía, (S. Josephson, 2008;Minakata et al., 2021;Rauh et al., 2022) o de igual manera, en el contexto de la familiaridad con la tipografía (Nedeljković et al., 2020). ...
En Diseño moviendo al Mundo se recopilan investigaciones donde el denominador de los artículos es pensar al diseño como disciplina holística que al extender lazos a otros mundos del saber aporta herramientas conceptuales y estrategias proyectuales para desenredar problemas e inspirar gráficos, objetos, servicios y sistemas para la buena vida de las personas.
... Es posible además estudiar la legibilidad de textos en relación con los atributos tipográficos, por ejemplo, familia tipográfica, interlineado, tamaño o espaciado de la tipografía, (S. Josephson, 2008;Minakata et al., 2021;Rauh et al., 2022) o de igual manera, en el contexto de la familiaridad con la tipografía (Nedeljković et al., 2020). ...
En Diseño moviendo al Mundo se recopilan investigaciones donde el denominador de los artículos es pensar al diseño como disciplina holística que al extender lazos a otros mundos del saber aporta herramientas conceptuales y estrategias proyectuales para desenredar problemas e inspirar gráficos, objetos, servicios y sistemas para la buena vida de las personas.
... Therefore, reading experience is considered as particularly important, reading training could improve reading experience quickly (e.g. Bai et al., 2008;Nedeljković & Pušnik, 2020;Chen et al., 2021). Based on the results of Experiment 1, we can infer that the impact of format familiarity on the word-frequency effect (the The role of format familiarity and word frequency 10 interaction effect of word frequency and format familiarity on the early indexes) shrinks or even disappears as related reading experience increases. ...
For Chinese readers, reading from left to right is the norm, while reading from right to left is unfamiliar. This study comprises two experiments investigating how format familiarity and word frequency affect reading by Chinese people. Experiment 1 examines the roles of format familiarity (reading from left to right is the familiar Chinese format, and reading from right to left is the unfamiliar Chinese format) and word frequency in vocabulary recognition. Forty students read the same Chinese sentences from left to right and from right to left. Target words were divided into high and low frequency words. In Experiment 2, participants engaged in right-to-left reading training for 10 days to test whether their right-to-left reading performance could be improved. The study yields several main findings. First, format familiarity affects vocabulary recognition. Participants reading from left to right had shorter fixation times, higher skipping rates, and viewing positions closer to word center.. Second, word frequency affects vocabulary recognition in Chinese reading. Third, right-to-left reading training could improve reading performance. In the early indexes, the interaction effect of format familiarity and word frequency was significant. There was also a significant word-frequency effect from left to right but not from right to left. Therefore, word segmentation and vocabulary recognition may be sequential in Chinese reading.
... Some authors claim a superiority of a sans serif font (Arial) for reading on a screen [96], while others did not find a significant difference between a serif and a sans serif font in children with dyslexia [97], as well as in an early study with 900 not reading-impaired people [98], and in studies on patients with macular degeneration, where not reading-impaired persons served as controls [61,99]. Nedeljković and co-workers [100] found that the familiarity with a font influences reading performance more than other factors. We do not think that the use of a serif typeface (Times New Roman) for the alphabetic words caused a bias in our study, because both groups (with and without dyslexia) were examined with the same font. ...
Purpose
Developmental dyslexia in alphabetic languages (DD) is characterized by a phonological deficit. Since logographic scripts rely predominantly on visual and morphological processing, reading performance in DD can be assumed to be less impaired when reading logographic scripts.
Methods
40 German-speaking children (18 with DD, 22 not reading-impaired—group C; 9–11 years) received Chinese lessons. Eye movements (EM) were recorded during naming single alphabetic words, pictures (confrontational) and Chinese characters to be named in German and Chinese. The main outcome variables were: Articulation latency, numbers and durations of fixations. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by questionnaires.
Results
While reading alphabetic words, articulation latencies and numbers of fixations were significantly higher for group DD than for group C (AL-DD = 1.13, AL-C = 0.84, p< .001; FN-DD = 3.50; FN-C = 2.00, p< .001). For naming pictures and Chinese characters in German and in Chinese, no significant group differences were found for any of the EM variables. The percentage of correct answers was high for German naming (DD = 86.67%, C = 95.24%; p = .015) and lower for Chinese naming in both groups, but significantly lower in group DD, especially for Chinese naming (DD = 56.67%, C: 83.77%; p = .003). QoL differed between groups from the children’s perspective only at posttest. Parents of group DD perceived their children`s QoL to be lower compared with parents of group C at pre- and posttest.
Conclusions
Children with dyslexia performed as well as group C during naming Chinese characters in German and in Chinese regarding their EM variables, presumably because they processed Chinese characters by the visuo-spatial pathway with direct access to the semantic system. However, the significantly lower percentage of correct answers especially during Chinese naming showed that group DD had more difficulties naming Chinese characters than group C, which could be attributed to their phonological deficit, among other factors.
Trial registration
German clinical trials register (DRKS00015697).
The present study examined the role of format familiarity and semantic transparency in Chinese reading, which could reflect the segmented strategy and word-processing characteristics in Chinese reading. Forty undergraduates read Chinese in familiar and unfamiliar formats, containing the target words divided into semantically transparent and semantically ambiguous words. We used the EyeLink 1000 to measure readers’ eye movement index, which can reflect reading processing characteristics. There are several key findings: (1) the familiarity with the text format affected the Chinese reading performance. Chinese readers read shorter fixation times, higher skipping rates, and closer to the word center under left-to-right format; (2) semantic transparency affects segmented strategy and lexical processing in Chinese reading. Chinese readers read shorter fixation times, higher skipping rates, and closer to the word center under semantically transparent words; (3) among the early eye-tracking indexes, the interaction was significant. The left-to-right transparency effect was significant, whereas the right-to-left effect was not. The semantic transparency effect is an essential indicator of vocabulary recognition. The early significant interaction and the late insignificant interaction reflect the separation of Chinese word segmentation and word recognition.
