Fig 2 - uploaded by Tze Leong Yao
Content may be subject to copyright.
Cladogram of the majority-rule consensus tree from the full analysis on combined trnL-F and ITS sequences of 232 didymocarpoid Gesneriaceae samples, depicting the Chirita sect. Chirita clade 1 (→ Damrongia). For further explanation see Fig. 1.
Source publication
The polyphyletic genus Chirita is remodelled after an extensive molecular phylogenetic study of species assigned to it and to other associated genera. Most of Chirita sect. Chirita and the monotypic Hemiboeopsis are amalgamated with Henckelia sect. Henckelia, resulting in a very differently circumscribed genus Henckelia and the synonymisation of Ch...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... index of 0.6648. The majority-rule consensus tree was highly resolved and was similar in topology to the previous phylogeny of Möller & al. (2011) where the clades received high branch support ( Fig. S1 in Electronic Suppl. 2). The BI tree recovered was basically congruent to the MP tree, in areas where the branches were well supported ( Fig. S2 in Electronic Suppl. 2). A detailed report and discussion of the inter-and intra-generic relationships of the advanced didymocarpoid Gesneriaceae is given in Möller & al. (2011) and we here refrain from repeating these. Instead we focus on the positions of the Chirita samples and associated genera. The results of the MP and BI analyses ...
Context 2
... of the inter-and intra-generic relationships of the advanced didymocarpoid Gesneriaceae is given in Möller & al. (2011) and we here refrain from repeating these. Instead we focus on the positions of the Chirita samples and associated genera. The results of the MP and BI analyses are summarised in a simplified tree ( Fig. 1) and subtrees (Figs. 2-6), but given in full as Figs. S1 and S2 (in Electronic Suppl. ...
Context 3
... Chirita positions; i.e., they rep- resent separate evolutionary lineages. The branches leading to the six clades with Chirita samples (Fig. 1, grey circles) all received high support values; these clades represent well de- fined separate genetic entities. This can also be inferred from the long branches leading to these clades in the BI tree ( Fig. S2 in Electronic Suppl. ...
Context 4
... representing eight spe- cies (plus two undescribed), were placed in a highly supported clade (BS = 100%, PP = 1.0) (Fig. 3) forming the basal branch among the straight-fruited advanced Asiatic and Malesian gen- era ( Fig. 1; Fig. S1 in Electronic Suppl. 2), though this position received no branch support, and was not present in the BI tree ( Fig. S2 in Electronic Suppl. 2). Within the Microchirita clade the two samples of Chirita hamosa R. Br. were sister (BS = 100%, PP = ...
Context 5
... the position among these genera is unclear. In the MP tree ( Fig. S1 in Electronic Suppl. 2) Chirita asperifolia is sister to all three genera, though the branch supporting this relation- ship received no bootstrap support. In the BI tree ( Fig. S2 in Electronic Suppl. 2) it was in a sister position to the Didymo- carpus samples (BS=100%, ...
Similar publications
Metacampanella is an important genus in the Marasmiaceae family. We collected specimens during our investigations in China and Mongolia. Through morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, we identified two new species of this genus: Metacampanella subtricolor and Metacampanella coprophila. In addition, we identified Metacampanella tricolor...
Clavariadelphus species (Clavariadelphaceae, Gomphales) in China were examined using morphology, molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS data and chemical reactions. Eleven taxa were identified in China, including four species known previously to occur in China ( C. griseoclavus , C. ligula , C. sachalinensis and C. yunnanensis ), two new record spe...
Citations
... The species of this genus are mainly distributed in southern and southwestern China and northern Vietnam, especially in limestone areas, with many species often limited to a single cave or a limestone hill system (Xu et al. 2021). Morphologically, this genus can be distinguished from other genera of Gesneriaceae by the combination of a basal rosette of mostly opposite leaves, calyx usually divided to base with subequal lobes, infundibuliform, tubular or salverform corollas, two fertile stamens with anthers usually cohering face to face, usually unilocular ovary with parietal placentation and chiritoid stigma (Weber et al. 2011(Weber et al. , 2020. ...
Primulina longiflora, a new species endemic to Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is most similar to P. curvituba in the shape and texture of leaf blades and the curved corolla tube, but mainly differs in having longer calyx lobes, salverform and much longer corolla, and the bifid lower stigma lobe. Conservation status and discussions on differences between this new species and morphologically similar species are also provided.
... While Giri et al. (2008) and Sinha & Datta, (2016) recorded the species in their accounts but were based on the type collection and description. After one year i.e. in 1989 it was described based on two specimens CDRI 28400 (holotype) & E00155255 (isotype) in "Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh" (Burtt et al. 1989) and new combination was made in 2011 (Weber et al. 2011). Apart from the type collections we consulted other herbaria like CAL, ASSAM, ARUN and BSHC but no other specimen was traced. ...
Henckelia dibangensis (B.L.Burtt, S.K.Srivast. & Mehrotra) D.J.Middleton & Mich.Möller of Gesneriaceae is an endemic plant collected after 37 years for the second time that too again from
the type locality. The article provided its revised morphological description, color photographs and diagnosis with closely related species for easy identification. Additionally, the threat status for
the species has been evaluated, and discussed about its range of distribution, population size and provisionally assigned the species as ‘Endangered’ following IUCN guidelines.
... Primulina Hance is a genus in Gesneriaceae, and the morphology of species in this genus is complex, but variation in corolla is limited and usually infundibuliform (Wang et al. 2011;Weber et al. 2011;Möller et al. 2016). As of October 2024, a total of 257 taxa have been described in Primulina, of which 242 are distributed in China (GRC 2024;Wen et al. 2024). ...
... Detailed anatomical photographs and pressed specimens of the species were taken in the field, and the morphological characteristics of more than 30 individuals were observed and recorded carefully. In conjunction with previous research, the plant was described following the terminology used by Wang and Pan (1990), Li and Wang (2005), and Weber et al. (2011). Morphological characters of the species were compared with the digitized type specimens of related species in herbaria P (https://science.mnhn.fr/all/search), ...
Primulina xingyiensis X.X.Bai & F.Wen, a new species of Gesneriaceae in the karst landforms of Xingyi City, Guizhou Province, China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, the species is similar to P. davidioides on corolla, while it is distinguished from P. davidioides by characteristics of thinner and smaller leaves, shorter peduncles, fewer flowers, smaller corolla, glabrous staminodes, and ovary shorter than style. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the combined dataset of rpl32-trnL, trnL-trnF, atpB-rbcL, and ITS sequences of the new species and 151 other species of Primulina Hance showed that the two populations of P. xingyiensis clustered into a clade, while it was most closely related to P. malingheensis. Following criteria D1 in the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, the new species should be assessed as ‘vulnerable’ (VU).
... Additionally, many species of former Chirita have been placed in other genera, such as Microchirita (C.B.Clarke) Yin Z.Wang, Henckelia Spreng., Damrongia Kerr ex Craib and Liebigia Endl. (Weber et al., 2011(Weber et al., , 2013Möller et al., 2016). Since then, Primulina has become the genus with the largest number of species in Gesneriaceae in China from an originally monotypic genus. ...
A new species of Primulina Hance (Gesneriaceae), P. serina F.Wen & W.C.Chou from northern Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to P. versicolor F.Wen, B.Pan & B.M.Wang, but can be easily distinguished by its smaller bracts. In its natural habitat, this species exists only in two subpopulations, and they occupy an area of less than 40 m2 and, following IUCN guidelines, this new species is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered (CR).
... This is likely the reason why the members of this genus had fallen into nine distantly related genera in the traditional Old World Gesneriaceae (Wang et al., 2010(Wang et al., , 2011Weber et al., 2011b). In contrast, a newly redefined genus Primulina Hance, sister to Petrocodon (Li et al., 2022a;Yang et al., 2023a), comprises over 200 species, exhibiting high species richness but displaying only modest floral morphological disparity (Wang et al., 2011;Weber et al., 2011a;Xu et al., 2021). Both Petrocodon and Primulina are distributed in Southwestern to Southern China, lying southeast of QTP sensu lato (Mao et al., 2021). ...
... To reconstruct the phylogeny of Petrocodon, we sampled 37 taxa (36 species and one variety) in Petrocodon plus nine Primulina species with two Didymocarpus species chosen as outgroups (Wang et al., 2011;Weber et al., 2011a). For age estimation, another 26 species from different genera of Gesneriaceae were added in our dating analysis (Petrocodon tiandengensis was removed due to its inconsistent systematic position in nuclear and chloroplast trees, see results for details) with Calceolaria crenatiflora Cav. ...
... Primulina, sharing a common ancestor with Petrocodon, has a much-conserved floral architecture in which zygomorphic flowers are consistently characteristic of broad tubular bilateral corolla with rounded corolla lobes and diandrous stamens (Fig. 4). The high species diversity with over 200 taxa in Primulina develops mainly upon frequent variation in detailed aspects of floral morphology with resultant small degrees of discontinuity among relatives (Wang et al., 2011;Weber et al., 2011a;Xu et al., 2019b). In contrast, Petrocodon is much more diverse in floral morphology in which each clade exhibits a series of novel and distinctive floral traits but there is no distinctive morphological differentiation among clades (Lu et al., 2017). ...
Adaptive radiation is usually triggered by great in situ or ex situ environmental changes. How an adaptive radiation occurs on lands and how species richness relates to morphodisparity have been a major focus of evolutionary biology. Petrocodon , diversified in the southeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), represents an ideal model to address these questions. To elucidate the dynamics of adaptive radiation of Petrocodon , we took an integrative approach, including phylogenetic, dating, disparity versus diversity, pollination, and gene expression analyses. Petrocodon with six clades has experienced radiation following the QTP uplift. Multiple modes of floral morphodisparity versus species diversity occur in the radiation process that are directly linked to their colonizing new environments and diversification with geographic expansion. Pollination and gene expression analyses suggest that accelerated emergence of de novo mutations might be relevant to the multiplex floral disparity and pollinator shifts in Petrocodon . For the first time in plants, we report that decreased genetic constraints on floral architecture triggered by QTP uplift might have generated abundant floral morphological variants, which were further targeted by selection for ecological divergence. The multiple modes of floral disparity versus species diversity may be attributed to accelerated mutations in colonizing new environments and repeated modifications of the already evolved traits in subsequent diversification and geographic expansion in Petrocodon . Our findings shed novel light on the interplay of ecological, developmental and evolutionary dynamics of disparity versus diversity in relation to trajectory changes of floral architecture in responses to environmental disturbance in a terrestrial plant group.
... Though synonymized under Didymocarpus Wall. (Gesneriaceae) for a long time, it has been resurrected as a distinct genus and finally Weber et al. (2011) remodeled the genus based on molecular data. The newly circumscribed Henckelia is characterized by the presence of a chiritoid stigma and orthocarpic or plagiocarpic capsules. ...
Henckelia davidwoodii (Gesneriaceae) is described here as a new species based on collections made from the Shi-Yomi district in the eastern Himalayan state of Arunachal Pradesh, India. This new species resembles H. lallanii Taram, D.Borah, Tag and R.Kr. Singh in its habit, infundibuliform corolla without flaps or flanges, and stamens with slightly geniculate filaments, but it can be differentiated by having 2-flowered cymes (versus solitary in H. lallanii), ovate bracts with undulate margins (versus narrowly ovate-lanceolate bracts with entire margins in H. lallanii), non-reflexed 5-veined calyx lobes (versus reflexed calyx lobes without veins in H. lallanii), and a cupular disc (ver-sus tubular in H. lallanii). It also superficially resembles H. urticifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) A.Dietr., however, it can be differentiated by its distinct sessile to sub-sessile bracts with undulate margins and a round to cordate base, often recurved at the base and overlapping to form a conical to cupulate structure, and stamens that are slightly geniculate (versus bracts with serrate margins and cuneate bases, never forming the aforementioned structures; stamens distinctly geniculate in H. urticifolia). A detailed taxonomic description is provided for this new species, accompanied by photographs and ecological information.
... Thus, it has been suggested that traditional investigations of morphology should be renewed or extended in the form of new hypotheses for phylogenetic reconstruction, teaching old dogs new tricks in present phylogenetic reconstructions (Bybee et al., 2010;Qiu et al., 2015). In the family Gesneriaceae, molecular phylogeny has been made great progress in which many traditional groups have been redefined over the past 15 years (Wang et al., 2010(Wang et al., , 2011Möller et al., 2011;Weber et al., 2011bWeber et al., , 2013. However, the morphological investigation has largely lagged behind the accumulation of molecular data. ...
... In recent years, the rapid development of molecular phylogenetic analysis in Gesneriaceae has provided valuable insights into some groups that are difficult to be placed based on morphological characters alone (Wang et al., 2010(Wang et al., , 2011Möller et al., 2011;Weber et al., 2011bWeber et al., , 2013Nishii et al., 2015;. Molecular data show that Didymocarpus does not appear to be monophyletic, with some genera, such as Allocheilos W. T. Wang, Liebigia Endl., and Gyrocheilos, recognized as closely related (Möller et al., 2011;Wang et al., 2011;Li et al., 2023). ...
... In addition, Didymocarpus s. str. as a monophyletic group sister to Liebigia is consistent with previous molecular phylogenetic analyses (Wang et al., 2011;Weber et al., 2011b). The status of Liebigia as an independent genus close to Didymocarpus reestablished by Wang et al. (2011) has been broadly accepted in the family Gesneriaceae (Weber et al., 2011b. ...
The genus Didymocarpus Wall is a core group of the subfamily Didymocarpoideae in Gesneriaceae with a complex taxonomic history. It has long been controversial to delimit Didymocarpus and its allies. We conducted phylogenetic reconstructions with high-density sampling of Didymocarpus and related genera by using four nuclear ribosomal DNAs (external transcribed spacer [ETS], internal transcribed spacer [ITS], 18S, 26S) and five chloroplast DNAs (atpB-rbcL, rpl16, rps16, trnH-psbA, and trnL-F). The results indicated that neither Didymocarpus nor Allocheilos are monophyletic. Based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses, we delimitated the range of the Didymocarpus sensu stricto (s. str.) with two-section division, and established a new genus Palmatiboea for species originally placed in Didymocarpus. This genus is remarkably distinguished from Didymocarpus s. str. not only in molecular phylogeny and morphology but also in its specific geographic distribution, in that it is found only in Southeast China. In addition, we proposed a new monotypic genus Hequnia for Allocheilos guangxiensis that is completely isolated in phylogeny, consistent with a range of remarkably distinctive morphological characteristics. Our results clarify the systematics of Didymocarpus and the delimitation between it and related genera with establishment of two new genera.
... Based on molecular and morphological evidence, Weber et al. (2011a) re-circumscribed this genus to include all species from five other monotypic or small genera, i.e. Calcareoboea Xu et al. (2014) transferred one species from the redefined Primulina Hance (Wang et al. 2011, Weber et al. 2011b to Petrocodon. The circumscription of the genus Petrocodon was further expanded by a recent study, in which Liu et al. (2024) revealed that species of Allocheilos W.T.Wang (except A. guangxiensis H.Q.Wen, Y.G. ...
... However, its stigma ( Fig. 2J). is much similar to the chiritoid stigma that is a diagnostic feature of Chirita Buch.-Ham. ex Don, most species of which have now been transferred to Primulina (Wang et al. 2011, Weber et al. 2011b). However, the nature of a chiritoid stigma is still not well understood. ...
Based on morphological observations, molecular phylogenetic analyses and literature consultations, a new species of Gesneriaceae, Petrocodon mirus , is described and illustrated here. This new species exhibits morphological similarity with P. pulchriflorus and P. hechiensis , but is easily distinguished from the latter two by its slightly leathery leaf blade, liner to ligulate‐oblong lip lobes, and shorter tube with constriction at middle. In addition, the new species differs from P. pulchriflorus by its reflexed adaxial lip lobes, and from P. hechiensis by its included stamen and pistil. However, the stigma of P. mirus is much similar to the chiritoid stigma diagnostic for Chirita Buch.‐Ham. ex Don (now mostly included in Primulina ); based on this observation a new hypothesis for the evolution of the chiritoid stigma is proposed.
... Initially, and for over 100 years, the genus Primulina Hance was considered a monotypic genus with only one species, P. tabacum (Hance 1883). However, with the development of modern molecular systematics (Wang et al. 2011, Weber et al. 2011), more than 230 species (including infraspecies) are confirmed (POWO 2023) at present. More than 90% of the known species of this genus are distributed in China . ...
... After examination and comparison of the collected plant material with the prototypes and type specimens of every recognized Primulina species, it became clear that neither the existing prototypes nor the type specimens of these species matched. Although, the shape and texture of the leaves make them relatively similar to P. mollifolia (D.Fang & W.T.Wang) J.M.Li & Yin Z.Wang (Wang 1986, Wang et al. 2011, Weber et al. 2011. We then grew this new species and P. mollifolia at the GCCC nursery, caring for them in the same environment. ...
Primulina magnifica F. Wen & W.C. Chou, a new species of Gesneriaceae from the limestone areas of Yizhou District, Hechi City, Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated here. It morphologically resembles P. mollifolia (D.Fang & W.T.Wang), J.M.Li & Yin Z.Wang in leaf blades. Still, it can be easily distinguished from the latter by noting a combination of characteristics, especially in its tube infundibuliform, and obviously broader bracts. We found only one population, about 300 mature individuals, at the type locality. According to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1), the new species is tentatively designated as Critically Endangered (CR).
... The genus Henckelia Sprengel (1817: 402) was treated under the synonymy of Didymocarpus Wallich (1819: 378) for a long period but finally resurrected by Weber & Burtt (1998["1997). Relationships in the heterogeneous genus Chirita Buchanan-Hamilton ex Don (1825: 89) was clarified and the genus Henckelia was redefined by Weber et al. (2011a); however, the conclusions led to significant changes and complex consequences in various genera, particularly in Henckelia. Finally, the re-circumscribed Henckelia has been characterized by having chiritoid stigma and plagiocarpic or orthocarpic capsules (Möller et al. 2017). ...
... However, these plants were once again collected after 11 years in 1937 from the type locality and afterwards never collected. Weber et al. (2011a) while remodeling the genus Henckelia, accepted this species as a distinct one and provided a new combination under Henckelia. Recently, Taram et al. (2021) described H. dasii from Arunachal Pradesh, India, which completely resemble the long lost C. peduncularis and fall within the range of character variations of the latter. ...
The long lost Henckelia peduncularis (Gesneriaceae), was hitherto known from its type specimens collected from Burma, in 1926. Recently described Henckelia dasii from Arunachal Pradesh, India; revealed substantial similarities with the aforementioned Burmese element. Morphological analyses based on the type specimens of both the names revealed H. dasii is appropriate to be reduced as a heterotypic synonym of H. peduncularis. The present article also deals with the Red List assessment of H. peduncularis based on IUCN criteria and lectotype designation for the name Chirita peduncularis B.L. Burtt.
