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Cissampelos sympodialis Eichler: A. Adult plant; B. Detail of deltoids leaves and the ripened fruits (red coloured).
Source publication
The paper is a review of the literature on the ethnobotanical, chemical and pharmacological aspects of the species Cissampelos sympodialis Eichler, Menispermaceae, in order to assess its potential for the treatment of asthma. The aqueous infusion from the leaves of this Brazilian plant is used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of respir...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... noteworthy feature is the presence of 3-6 pistillate flowers per fascicle in inflorescence. Its fruit is of drupaceous type, obovate, and from red to orange when ripe (Figure 1) (Eichler, 1864, Rhodes, 1975Barbosa Filho et al., 1997). Amongst the most important microscopic anatomical characters for the differentiation of Cissampelos species are the morphology of the leaf epidermal cells. ...
Citations
... As plantas medicinais pertencentes à família Menispermaceae, que é composta por setenta gêneros e cerca de 420 espécies, estão entre as plantas relatadas na literature por apresentarem diversas atividades biológicas, a exemplo do gênero Cissampelos, cujo o conhecimento científico demonstrou a presença de constituintes fitoquímicos, principalmente alcalóides que possuem importantes ações farmacológicas (CAVALCANTI et al., 2013;SILVA et al., 2017). ...
A milonina é um alcaloide do tipo morfinânico, isolado das folhas da Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. Ensaios preliminares já haviam demonstrado o potencial biológico da milonina. Entretanto, avanços experimentais nesse sentido ainda são escassos. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, que teve como objetivo reunir evidências científicas acerca das propriedades farmacológicas da milonina. Foram selecionados dez estudos que melhor atenderam ao objetivo da revisão. Os achados destacaram que o alcaloide apresenta consideráveis efeitos cardiovasculares, anti-inflamatórios, anti-histamínicos, antioxidantes e citotóxicos, destacando, portanto, o quão importantes e promissores são estes dados, uma vez que apoiam e impulsionam a realização de mais estudos, visando o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas envolvendo o emprego da milonina.
... Cissampelos pareira L has been reported in folklore to be traditionally used as a hepatoprotective [5], antiinflammatory, antitussive, antidiarrheal agent, and for the treatment of dyspepsia and dropsy [6][7][8]. C. pareira has been reported to be rich in phytoconstituents such as polyphenolic compounds like flavonoids (quercetin) [9], phytosterols (beta-sitosterol) [10], alkaloids (berberine, cissampeline) [11,12], and triterpenes [11], which could be responsible for the beneficial pharmacological effects. ...
... Pharmacological studies show that the ethanol extract of C. sympodialis has a bronchodilator activity (Cavalcanti et al. 2013). Milonine, an isolated substance of this plant, has an endothelium-mediated vasopressor action through activation of the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway and opening of the K + channels, and is able to lower blood pressure in normotensive mice (Cavalcante et al. 2011). ...
The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Cissampelos sympodialis showed great pharmacological potential, with inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities, however, it showed some toxicological effects. Therefore, this study aims to verify the toxicological potential of alkaloids of the genus Cissampelos through in silico methodologies, to develop a method in LC-MS/MS verifying the presence of alkaloids in the infusion and to evaluate the toxicity of the infusion of the leaves of C. sympodialis when inhaled by Swiss mice. Results in silico showed that alkaloid 93 presented high toxicological potential along with the products of its metabolism. LC-MS/MS results showed that the infusion of the leaves of this plant contained the alkaloids warifteine and methylwarifteine. Finally, the in vivo toxicological analysis of the C. sympodialis infusion showed results, both in biochemistry, organ weights and histological analysis, that the infusion of C. sympodialis leaves presents a low toxicity.
... Bezerra-Santos et al. (2006) demonstrated that C. sympodialis leaf extract, administered orally, was able to decrease eosinophilic inflammation in BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage), and also in pleural cavities of mice sensitized with ovalbumin. In addition, administrations of aqueous fractions from the leaves (AFL) are able to reduce immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, thus showing antiallergic activity [2,3]. ...
Cissampelos sympodialis is a plant to northeastern Brazil region used by populace for treating diseases respiratory. Several studies have shown that the ethanol extract of the leaves have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. The infusion is an ancient popular technique widely used in traditional medicine using as extracting means just hot water. This study aims to investigate the acute toxicological potential administering a dose of 2000mg/kg in Rattus norvegicus combined with in silico study of 117 alkaloids present in Cissampelos genre. In silico, 5 we can determine which molecules have a high toxicity (21, 8, 93, 32 and 88) and low toxicity (57, 77, 28, 25 and 67) and their percentage metabolizing liver. The toxicological evaluation in vivo showed that there was a decrease in water consumption in males only and feed intake in both sexes. However, these numbers were not statistically sufficient to change the weight gain of the animals. As for the biochemical parameters of urea there was an increase and decrease of uric acid and AST in males. In females was a decrease in albumin and globulin which consequently leads to a decrease in total protein. Despite the biochemical changes are suggestive for kidney damage, histological sections confirm that there was no change in this organ and as well as in the liver. Therefore, the results indicate that despite the genus Cissampelos present alkaloids which may be toxic, the infusion of Cissampelos sympodialis sheets when applied orally at a dose of 2000mg/kg presents a low toxicity.
... The infusion of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichler, Menispermaceae, species is widely used by Indian tribes and folk medicine to treat various inflammatory disorders, including asthma (Bezerra-Santos et al., 2004;Costa et al., 2008;Rocha et al., 2010;Marinho et al., 2012;Cavalcanti et al., 2013;Vieira et al., 2013). Asthma Vieira et al. (2013) demonstrated that the inhalation of C. sympodialis in animals with allergic inflammation of the airways is as effective as the oral treatment with dexamethasone for controlling the inflammatory response in the lungs and the production of IgE. ...
Cissampelos sympodialis Eichler, Menispermaceae, is widely used by Indian tribes and folk medicine to treat various inflammatory disorders, including asthma. Clinical toxicological trials were made with the tea of C. sympodialis, a medicinal plant. The study took place at Lauro Wanderley Hospital/UFPB-PB, where seventeen healthy volunteers were chosen, among those six men and eleven women who orally ingested, during four weeks uninterruptedly, 150ml of the tea, once a day. Before the first ingestion and after the last one, the participants were subjected to clinical and laboratorial tests for their overall conditions in order to analyze the toxicity of the plant. The results demonstrated that the volunteers neither experience clinical nor laboratorial alterations, as well as no significant adverse effects, apart from little change detected in their hematological tests. Nevertheless, none demonstrated any pathological conditions, just alterations of the normal human being physiology. Therefore, it is concluded that these data complement that obtained during pre-clinical studies and confirm a low toxicity of this plant.
... The study of C. sympodialis Eichl. as potential pharmaceutical material should be encouraged if taken into account its abundant natural occurrence (Barbosa-Filho et al., 1997;Porto et al., 2008), its frequent use in folk medicine (Correa, 1984;Barbosa-Filho et al., 1997;Alexandre-Moreira et al., 2003;Bezerra-Santos et al., 2006;Corrêa et al., 2008), the confirmation of the therapeutic potential in preclinical studies (Thomas et al., 1997a;Freitas et al., 2000;Bezerra-Santos et al., 2004, 2006Barbosa-Filho et al., 2006;Cerqueira-Lima et al., 2010) and the knowledge of its chemical composition (Barbosa-Filho et al., 1997, 2000Marinho et al., 2012Marinho et al., , 2013Cavalcanti et al., 2013). ...
... The phytochemical screening of C. sympodialis leaves indicated the presence of the following secondary metabolites: alkaloids, which were mostly reported in this plant (Cavalcanti et al., 2013), steroids, flavonoids, cumarins and saponins (Table 3). These data show groups of substances that can be used in the characterization of the species raw material, such as alkaloids, and the absence of a positive reaction for some substances may be useful to differentiate related species (Daleffi-Zocoler et al., 2006;Hubinger et al., 2009). ...
Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. (Menispermaceae) is used in folk medicine for the treatment of respiratory conditions such as bronchitis and asthma. The aqueous fraction of the hydroalcoholic extract of its leaves has shown immunomodulatory, bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there is no data available on the pharmacognostic quality control of its leaves. The aim of the present study was to characterize the drug material obtained from the leaves of C. sympodialis, with the determination of WHO recommended assays, histochemistry of leaf sections and HPLC determination of its main bioactive alkaloid, warifteine. Three batches of leaves were collected and histochemical and phytochemical analyses were performed to screen for alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids, lipids, polysacharides and saponins. Pharmacopeial assays for the plant material were also conducted and the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid warifteine was quantified by HPLC analysis. The histochemistry of leaf sections from C. sympodialis revealed the presence of lipids, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds and alkaloids, mainly as part of idioblast secretions. These results were confirmed by general phytochemical screening reactions conducted with the leaf hydroalcoholic extract (presence of alkaloids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins). General pharmacopeial tests conducted with the leaves were within accepted standards. The warifteine content was similar for the three batches tested (0.004–0.006%). The physicochemical parameters and the morphological results presented in this paper can be used as basis for the preparation of a monograph on C. sympodialis leaves.
... The study of C. sympodialis Eichl. as potential pharmaceutical material should be encouraged if taken into account its abundant natural occurrence (Barbosa-Filho et al., 1997;Porto et al., 2008), its frequent use in folk medicine (Correa, 1984;Barbosa-Filho et al., 1997;Alexandre-Moreira et al., 2003;Bezerra-Santos et al., 2006;Corrêa et al., 2008), the confirmation of the therapeutic potential in preclinical studies (Thomas et al., 1997a;Freitas et al., 2000;Bezerra-Santos et al., 2004, 2006Barbosa-Filho et al., 2006;Cerqueira-Lima et al., 2010) and the knowledge of its chemical composition (Barbosa-Filho et al., 1997, 2000Marinho et al., 2012Marinho et al., , 2013Cavalcanti et al., 2013). ...
... The phytochemical screening of C. sympodialis leaves indicated the presence of the following secondary metabolites: alkaloids, which were mostly reported in this plant (Cavalcanti et al., 2013), steroids, flavonoids, cumarins and saponins (Table 3). These data show groups of substances that can be used in the characterization of the species raw material, such as alkaloids, and the absence of a positive reaction for some substances may be useful to differentiate related species (Daleffi-Zocoler et al., 2006;Hubinger et al., 2009). ...
Background
Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. (Menispermaceae) is used in folk medicine for the treatment of respiratory conditions such as bronchitis and asthma. The aqueous fraction of the hydroalcoholic extract of its leaves has shown immunomodulatory, bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there is no data available on the pharmacognostic quality control of its leaves.
Objective
The aim of the present study was to characterize the drug material obtained from the leaves of C. sympodialis, with the determination of WHO recommended assays, histochemistry of leaf sections and HPLC determination of its main bioactive alkaloid, warifteine.
Materials and methods
Three batches of leaves were collected and histochemical and phytochemical analyses were performed to screen for alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids, lipids, polysacharides and saponins. Pharmacopeial assays for the plant material were also conducted and the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid warifteine was quantified by HPLC analysis.
Results
The histochemistry of leaf sections from C. sympodialis revealed the presence of lipids, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds and alkaloids, mainly as part of idioblast secretions. These results were confirmed by general phytochemical screening reactions conducted with the leaf hydroalcoholic extract (presence of alkaloids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins). General pharmacopeial tests conducted with the leaves were within accepted standards. The warifteine content was similar for the three batches tested (0.004–0.006%).
Conclusion
The physicochemical parameters and the morphological results presented in this paper can be used as basis for the preparation of a monograph on C. sympodialis leaves.
The antioxidant role in biological systems has been widely explored since there is a continuous production of reactive chemical species in living organisms as reactive oxygen species. These reactive species promote several diseases as gastric lesions which could be avoided by the consumption of antioxidant compounds as phytochemicals in the diet. So, it seems important to investigate the effects of plants–food and medicinal plants as well as their bioactive compounds isolated on gastric injuries. As described in the various pharmacological studies, the use of antioxidants can prevent and inhibit several damages in gastric tissue trigger by several agents. In general, this chapter shows that most of the studies with exogenous antioxidants present in fruits, legumes, grains, culinary herbs, nutritional supplements, and medicinal plants provide convincing evidence regarding their protective and curative effects in gastric lesions. However, the clinical studies published in scientific literature are still scarce.
A number of bisbenzyilisoquinoline alkaloids have been previously isolated from Cissampelos sympodialis (Menispermaceae). The tertiary alkaloid fraction of the rhizomes (TAFrz) was prepared and the major alkaloid warifteine was isolated. Five TAFrz subfractions in addition to warifteine were tested against Dengue virus (DENV). We then used an epithelial (Vero) cell line to evaluate the cytotoxicity and effective concentrations of the samples against DENV. All TAFrz subfractions were active, but subfraction 6 (a mixture of the alkaloids methylwarifteine and warifteine) in particular showed a promising antiviral effect against DENV-2 with an IC50 of 2.00 µg/mL and a selectivity index (SI) of 10.74. Warifteine was the second most active sample and had an IC50 of 8.13 µg/mL and SI = 10.94. The antiviral activity of the samples compared favorably with that of 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (IC50 = 7.31 µg/mL and SI = 11.8). These results suggest that bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids may prove interesting leading antiviral compounds.
