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Chronology of the early experimental age of adsorption science

Chronology of the early experimental age of adsorption science

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The gap between theory and practice, in the field of adsorption, is closing. The development of new theoretical approached formulated on a molecular level, by means of computer simulation, has led to the progress of theoretical description of adsorption. New classes of solid absorbents, such as activated carbon fibers and carbon molecular sieves, f...

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... convenience, the main points dealing with the early experimental age of adsorption are chronicled in Table 1. ...

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... where C BET is related to the energy of interaction with the surface also known as the BET constant, q mBET maximum adsorption capacity of adsorbent corresponding to monolayer saturation and C s the adsorbate monolayer saturation concentration. The theories of Langmuir and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) are the most well-known theoretical treatments (Figure 2), however many studies have been carried out since then and have led to the introduction of numerous adsorption isotherm modeling which will not be developed here but which can be found elsewhere [29,30,31,32,33]. At the same time, another important contribution by Brunauer, Deming, Deming and Teller [34] dealt with the identification of five principal types of adsorption isotherms for gases and vapours. ...
... In such circumstances, mass transfer effects are inevitable. The complete course of adsorption therefore includes a mass transfer and comprises four consecutive steps as shown in Figure 3 [30,43,44]. Step 1: Transport of the adsorbate from the bulk liquid phase to the hydrodynamic boundary layer located around the adsorbent. ...
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... The ions of the adsorbate concentrate on the active sites on the external surface of the adsorbent and/or in its pores (internal surface). The cations present in this site are exchanged for adsorbate cations in equivalent amounts [43,44,46,[48][49][50][51]. ...
... It is an irreversible or hardly reversible process. It involves the formation of insoluble salts on the adsorbent or surface complexation [43,44,46,[48][49][50][51]. ...
... It is an easily reversible process. Only molecules that have not dissociated are subject to this sorption [43,44,46,[48][49][50][51]. ...
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