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Chromatographic (t R ), UV and mass-spectrometric data, and seasonal presence/content of compounds 1-29 found in G. aleppicum herb extract.
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α-Glucosidase inhibitors are essential in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Plant-derived drugs are promising sources of new compounds with glucosidase-inhibiting ability. The Geum aleppicum Jacq. and Sibbaldianthe bifurca (L.) Kurtto & T.Erikss. herbs are used in many traditional medical systems to treat diabetes. In this study, metabolites of t...
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Context 1
... the preparation of stock solutions (1000 µg/mL), 10 mg of reference compounds were separately weighted and dissolved in the methanol-DMSO mixture (1:1) in volumetric flasks (10 mL) followed by the creation of 'concentration-peak area' graphs (1-100 µg/mL). The values of correlation coefficient (r 2 ), standard deviation (S YX ), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and linear range were calculated in Advanced Grapher 2.2 (Alentum Software Inc., Ramat-Gan, Israel) using calibration curve data [27] and the results of three sufficient HPLC runs (Table S1). The parameters of intra-day, inter-day precisions and recovery of spiked sample were investigated using the known method [28]. ...Context 2
... liquid chromatography with photodiode array and electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-PDA-ESI-tQ-MS/MS) was applied to separate compounds from the G. aleppicum herb extract. Analysis of chromatographic mobility, UV parameters, and mass spectral data and subsequent comparison of the obtained results with reference standards and/or literature information led to the identification of 29 compounds of various chemical classes (Figure 1a,b; Table 1). ...Context 3
... liquid chromatography with photodiode array and electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-PDA-ESI-tQ-MS/MS) was applied to separate compounds from the G. aleppicum herb extract. Analysis of chromatographic mobility, UV parameters, and mass spectral data and subsequent comparison of the obtained results with reference standards and/or literature information led to the identification of 29 compounds of various chemical classes (Figure 1a,b; Table 1). Table 1. ...Context 4
... of chromatographic mobility, UV parameters, and mass spectral data and subsequent comparison of the obtained results with reference standards and/or literature information led to the identification of 29 compounds of various chemical classes (Figure 1a,b; Table 1). Table 1. ...Context 5
... Table S1: Regression equations, correlation coefficients (r 2 ), standard deviation (S YX ), limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantification (LOQ), linear ranges, intra-day, inter-day precisions and recovery of spiked samples for 34 reference standards. Figure S1: Structures of compounds identified in Geum aleppicum and Sibbaldianthe bifurca. ...Citations
... For instance, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside possesses anti-neuroinflammatory activity and could be considered a natural agent for treating neurodegenerative diseases [51]. Quercetin-3-O-arabinoside has a pronounced effect on α-glucosidase inhibitory that could be used for exploiting hypoglycemic nutraceuticals [52]. Thus, abundant flavonoids identified in T. miqueliana flowers will be an essential reference for the isolation of distinctive flavonoids in Tilia, together with physiological functions and biological activities research. ...
Tilia miqueliana is an endemic species belonging to the genus Tilia L. (Tiliaceae) in China, which is known for its fragrant flowers and nectar, but the dynamic changes in metabolites during its growth and development are still unclear. In this study, the metabolic profiles from T. miqueliana flowers at three developmental stages were detected by performing an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)-based widely targeted metabolomic analysis. A total of 1138 metabolites were detected, with 288 Differentially Accumulated Metabolites (DAMs) determined, flavonoids accounting for the largest proportion. The trend analysis showed that DAMs present seven distinctive patterns, and subclass 5 obtained the largest amount with continuously increased relative content during flower development. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation and enrichment analysis of DAMs showed different overlap and variability in metabolic pathways, indicating different directions of flavonoids’ metabolic flux in the three developmental stages. A correlation network analysis further revealed five core metabolites that played essential roles in flavonoid biosynthesis. This research provides comprehensive insights into the exploitation and utilization of T. miqueliana as well as a scientific basis for phylogenetic studies of the genus Tilia.
... As part of our ongoing investigation into the metabolomes of Rosaceae family members [17][18][19], we conducted, for the first time, a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative chromatographic analysis of extracts from D. oxyodonta's leaves and flowers, collected from diverse Siberian habitats. Employing HPLC-PDA-ESI-tQ-MS, we evaluated these extracts for their chemical constituents and antioxidant potential. ...
... Gallotannins are widely distributed in representatives of the Rosaceae family [32]. Gallotannins, in particular glucogallin, are known to participate in the biosynthesis of 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose, a precursor to ellagitannins [33] frequently found in the Rosoideae subfamily [19,34,35]. Notably, ellagitannins were not detected in D. oxyodonta despite the fact that the genus Dryas was previously included in the Rosoideae subfamily [36]. ...
... This situation mirrors the one observed with triterpenes. In D. oxyodonta, all detected triterpenes belonged to the ursane type, a common triterpenoid found in various members of the Rosaceae family [19,50,51]. Consequently, this triterpenoid type cannot serve as a distinguishing criterion for chemodiversity within the Dryas genus. ...
Dryas oxyodonta Yuz. is a perennial evergreen shrub from the Rosaceae family. D. oxyodonta thrives in subalpine and subarctic regions, as well as in highlands spanning from Central Asia to Siberia and Mongolia. Owing to a lack of information on its chemical composition, we conducted qualitative and quantitative chromatographic analyses on extracts from the leaves and flowers of D. oxyodonta sourced from various Siberian habitats. Employing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection and electrospray ionization triple-quadrupole mass spectrometric detection, we identified 40 compounds, encompassing gallotannins, hydroxycinnamates, procyanidins, catechins, flavonoids, and triterpenes. All Siberian populations of D. oxyodonta exhibited a notable abundance of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, we identified rare glycosides, such as sexangularetin and corniculatusin, as potential markers of the chemodiversity within the Dryas genus. Extracts from the flowers and leaves were effective scavengers of free radicals, including DPPH•, ABTS•+−, O2•−, and •OH radicals. Our findings unequivocally establish D. oxyodonta as a rich source of phenolic compounds with potent antioxidant activity, suggesting its potential utility in developing novel functional products.
... Therefore, they can be considered one of the first functional food ingredients. Rhodiola rosea, Atractylodes, Gei Herba, and Codonopsis are commonly used traditional Chinese herbs with various health benefits (Hung et al., 2011;Ishaque et al., 2012;Gao et al., 2018;Zhu et al., 2018;Kashchenko et al., 2023). Numerous researchers have recognized their safety, and these herbs are widely used in animals (Zhao et al., 2006;Gupta et al., 2008;Ding et al., 2023). ...
Background
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in humans and animals, which is very important for health. TCM affects the body ‘s immunity and changes in intestinal flora. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Hong-bailanshen (HBLS) supplementation in horses on serum biochemical profile, antioxidant enzymes and gut microbiota.
Methods
In this study, five horses were selected. On day 0, 14, 28, blood samples and feces were collected on days 0, 14, and 28 to analyse gut microbiota, serum biochemical and redox indexes.
Results
The results showed that the addition of HBLS to horse diets significantly decreased the level of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and malondialdehyde (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) and significantly increased the activity of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and catalase (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Compared with day 14, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase were significantly decreased; however, the level of catalase was significantly increased in the horses continuously fed with HBLS for 28 days (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Alpha diversity analysis was performed that chao1 (p < 0.05), observed_specicies, faith’pd and goods_coverage upregulated in the horses fed HBLS. A total of 24 differential genera were detected adding HBLS to diet increased the abundance of Bacillus, Lactobacillaceae, Leuconostocaceae, Christensenellaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Faecalibacterium, Erysipelotrichaceae, Pyramidobacter, Sphaerochaeta, WCHB1-25, Bacteria, Oscillospira, and Acetobacteraceae, while reduced Aerococcus, EtOH8, Syntrophomonas, Caulobacter, Bradyrhizobiaceae, W22, Succinivibrionaceae, and Desulfovibrio (p < 0.05, p < 0.01).
Conclusion
Adding HBLS to the diet could be a potentially effective strategy to improve horses’ health.
... Masha [12] and in cucumber flowers [14], were detected in the cucumber waste green biomass of six cultivars (Figure 5a). Compound 3, with a protonated ion m/z 685, exhibited a mass spectrum that is similar to those of 1 and 2, but without a fragment with m/z 132, which is characteristic of pentose [38] ( Figure 5b). The most likely structure of 3 is O-pentoside of cucumerins A or B; however, the exact structure is still unknown. ...
Cucumber is an important agricultural crop that is cultivated under greenhouse conditions. Cucumber cultivation generates substantial quantities of green waste that require proper disposal. The lack of data on the chemical composition of cucumber greens and their biological activity emphasizes the necessity for research on useful products resulting from this widely available waste. Our examination of the flavonoid contents in the leaves and stems of 30 cucumber cultivars revealed 6 cultivars with high flavonoid contents. In addition, the cutting time did not cause negative effects, and we observed a positive effect with 0.05–0.10% organomineral fertilizer application on the flavonoid levels in the greens. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry detected 38 apigenin derivatives, including acylated and non-acylated cucumerins and C-, O-, and C,O-glycosides. Among these, 12 known flavonoids and 18 novel compounds were identified. The concentrations of these compounds in the six flavonoid extracts varied at 39.85–181.53 mg/g for the non-acylated flavones, 14.67–293.31 mg/g for the cucumerins, and 401.73–892.17 mg/g for the acylated flavones. Oral administration of the total flavonoid extracts (at a dosage of 100 g/kg/day) resulted in a hypolipidemic effect in hyperlipidemic hamsters, with subsequent normalization of their serum lipid profiles, malondialdehyde levels, and liver antioxidative enzyme activities. These results substantiate the lipid-lowering potential of cucumber waste extracts. Our investigation of the selected flavonoid activity showed that isovitexin-2′′-O-glucoside-6′′-O-p-coumarate (administered at 50 g/kg/day) had the highest hypolipidemic potency. These results can contribute to the practical use of cucumber green waste and the development of novel supplements for diseases linked to high-fat consumption.
... The chromatographic separation of the F. hystrix root extract identified 42 compounds (including various derivatives of umbelliferone, vaginidiol, and peucedanol [46][47][48][54][55][56][57]), and the mass spectra showed which typical ions were produced via the protonation and loss of fragments of hexose (m/z 162), pentose (m/z 132), and acetyl (m/z 42). Moreover, a cascade of adduct ions were produced using lithium, sodium, and potassium, which is typical for coumarins [48] (Figure 2, Table 1). ...
Ferulopsis hystrix is a perennial plant of the Apiaceae family. In Buryat and Mongolian medicine, it is used as a substitute for Costus speciosus roots (ru rta), and in Tibetan medicine, it is used to cure digestive system diseases and used as a wound-healing agent. However, its metabolites and their bioactivities are still poorly understood. High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC–PDA–ESI–tQ–MS/MS) were used to identify approximately 42 phenolic compounds in F. hystrix, and 30 coumarins were characterized and quantified. The major compounds in F. hystrix roots were skimmin (umbelliferone 7-O-glucoside) and peucenidin (vaginidiol 3′-O-acetyl-4′-O-senecioyl ester), of which, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects were found for the first time. The abovementioned compounds exhibit a gastroprotective effect against indomethacin and steroid gastropathy by reducing the amount of damage (point, large, and strip-like erosions) in the gastric mucosa and lowering the corresponding Paul’s index. The most pronounced gastroprotective effect was exhibited by skimmin at a dose of 1 mg/kg and by peucenidin at doses of 16 and 48 mg/kg; these compounds help to limit the development of pronounced erosive–necrotic processes in the gastric mucosa. In pathological conditions, these compounds reduce malondialdehyde, increase the activity of catalase, and increase the content of reduced glutathione in the blood. Thus, this study demonstrates that F. hystrix roots are a good source of bioactive coumarins with gastroprotective potential, which supports earlier ethnopharmacological studies.
The Asteraceae family in Siberian Asia exhibits remarkable biodiversity and has long served as a valuable resource for domesticating various beneficial plants with medicinal, therapeutic, and industrial significance to humanity. In this work, we studied for the first time the chemical composition of six understudied or previously unexplored plant species, Artemisia jacutica (AJ), Carduus nutans subsp. leiophyllus (CL), Cirsium heterophyllum (CH), Echinops davuricus (ED), Ixeris chinensis subsp. versicolor (IV), and Lactuca sibirica (LS), which were successfully cultivated under open-field conditions as biennial or perennial crops. We profiled these species, employing a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry approach, identifying over 100 phenolic compounds. Among these compounds were hydroxybenzoic acid glucosides, hydroxybenzoyl/p-coumaroyl/feruloyl quinic acids, hydroxycoumarin O-glucosides, caffeoyl/p-coumaroyl/feruloyl glucaric/tartaric acids, O- and C-glucosides of apigenin, acacetin, luteolin, chrysoeriol, 6-hydroxyluteolin, pectolinarigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and tri-/tetra-O-p-coumaroyl spermines and spermidines. All examined species exhibited a significant accumulation of phenolic compounds throughout the experimental period, reaching levels comparable to or exceeding those found in wild samples (WSs), with the best total phenolic content for AJ at 26.68 mg/g (vs. 26.68 mg/g in WS; second year), CL at 50.23 mg/g (vs. 38.32 mg/g in WS; second year), CH at 51.14 mg/g (vs. 40.86 mg/g in WS; sixth year), ED at 86.12 mg/g (vs. 78.08 mg/g in WS; seventh year), IV at 102.49 mg/g (vs. 88.58 mg/g in WS; fourth year), and LS at 127.34 mg/g (vs. 110.64 mg/g in WS; fifth year). Notably, in the first year of cultivation, approximately 40–60% of the wild-level target compounds accumulated in the plants, with even higher levels detected in subsequent years, particularly in the second and third years. This study highlights the potential of cultivation to produce new Asteraceae plants rich in bioactive phenolics.
New glycosides of baicalein (1–4) and wogonin (5 and 6) were found by studying phenolic compounds from roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) grown with treatment by 24-epibrassinolide. The new compounds were baicalein 7-O-(2′′-O-β-D-glucosyl)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (scutellariside III, 1), baicalein 6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-(2′′-O-β-D-glucosyl)-β-D-glucoronopyranoside (scutellariside IV, 2), baicalein 6-O-β-D-glycopyranosyl-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (scutellariside V, 3), baicalein 7-O-(2′′-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (scutellariside VI, 4), wogonin 7-O-(2′′-O-β-D-glucosyl)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (scutellariside VII, 5), and wogonin 7-O-(2′′-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (scutellariside VIII, 5) according to UV and NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data.
