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Chicken manure used as a natural fertilizer, given its high Nitrogen content, requires key actions in odor control that are often difficult to carry out resulting in an image loss for the company. Manure land-filling however is costly as well as incineration and this latter does still require odor control. Energy conversion from chicken manure may...
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... A proximate analysis was performed to determine the characteristics of chicken manure and to verify its usefulness as a substrate in the membrane-less microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC). The moisture content of dry chicken manure was 16.79% with pH 7.83, slightly differing from the characteristics observed in [26]. The proximate analysis involved the analysis of macronutrient, micronutrient, and trace elements. ...
The need for energy resources is growing all the time, which means that more fossil fuels are needed to provide them. People prefer to consume chicken as a source of protein, and this creates an abundance of waste. Thus, microbial fuel cells represent a new technological approach with the potential to generate electricity through the action of electrogenic bacteria toward chicken manure, while reducing the abundance of chicken manure. This study investigated the effect of different pretreatment (thermal, alkaline, and sonication pretreatment) of chicken manure to improve the performance of a membrane-less microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC). Statistical response surface methodology (RSM) through a central composite design (CCD) under a quadratic model was conducted for optimization of the ML-MFC performance focusing on the COD removal efficiency (R2 = 0.8917), biomass (R2 = 0.9101), and power density response (R2 = 0.8794). The study demonstrated that the highest COD removal (80.68%), biomass (7.8539 mg/L), and power density (220 mW/m2) were obtained when the pretreatment conditions were 140 °C, 20 kHz, and pH 10. The polarization curve of the best condition of ML-MFC was plotted to classify the behavior of the ML-MFC. The kinetic growth of Bacillus subtillis (BS) showed that, in treated chicken manure, the specific growth rate µ = 0.20 h−1 and doubling time Td = 3.43 h, whereas, in untreated chicken manure, µ = 0.11 h−1 and Td = 6.08.
... According to Maraver et al. [26] "absorption and adsorption chillers are thermally driven technologies, which are widely applied in CCHP systems". Bioenergy production technologies based on combustion have been interested by a satisfying development [27]; pyrolysis process simulation is improving [28][29][30] increasing plant performance [31]; low cost systems for tar reduction in producer gas are available [32]. An AeD represents a useful model for the achievement of important energetic and environmental goals in Europe and the world on the one hand whereas on the other is linked to rural development (competitiveness of rural areas, farmers' income, preservation of natural resources, reduction in climate change, social cohesion) [19]. ...
... Know-how on biomass to energy technologies has reached a good level [23]; plant simulation is improving providing more accurate information on plant performances [24,25], process simulation is always more detailed through the use of new methods and improved instrumentation (such as TGA [26]), there are available on Literature low-cost methods for the reduction of pyrolysis/gasification tar in producer gas [27]. The choice of the best technology is an optimization problem that has been taken into account in other papers published in Literature (for example consider [28]). This paper takes into account the administrative, legal, financial agreements that regulate a bioenergy project in practice, once that 1 Despite the fact that agricultural emissions for 27 EU countries actually fell by 20% between 1990 and 2006, farming still represents 9% of the EUs greenhouse gas emissions [2]. 2 Refers to the energy function of agriculture and it can make significant contributions to achieving social and environmental sustainability at local, national, regional and global levels. ...
The current economic downturn has put public budgets under pressure, reducing investments and revenues for local stakeholders to cope, among other things, with contemporary demands of environmental protection. Local-based partnerships may provide an efficient tool by adopting, integrating and implementing actions based on awareness and participation of a set of different players. This need is even more evident in rural areas in which a proposed decentralized bio-energy production model established in Agro-energy districtscan provide incentive and create a comfortable ground for the development of an energy production plant based on a mixed public-private partnership. Drawing on the implementation of a European co-funded research project the paper presents the efforts being made to build a partnership at a local level in order to cover the lack of an institutional plan and public investment for handling biomass production. Our aim is not primarily to present the best technical solution to bio-energy production but rather to illustrate the networking between different players, the public consultation, and the agreements being made under the form of Public Private Partnerships, as well as the levels of commitment and the risks taken. The gist of this study is that despite the civic engagements the inconsistent administrative environment, the dominance of the public sector and the State intervention through legislation and different political decisions, makes it still difficult for local partnerships to exercise their power and turn from government to governance in order to cope with the environmental challenges and tackle inequalities faced in rural areas.
... Theoretical calculations indicate that thermochemical processes (e.g., gasification) are inherently more productive in energy conversion than anaerobic digestion because most of the carbons can be utilized [1]. A survey and economic feasibility study by Fantozzi et al. [2] concerning available technologies for chicken manure energy conversion in Italy showed that incineration and gasification had a shorter pay-back period than anaerobic digestion. Incineration or gasification of animal manure has been investigated and used as an alternative technology for energy and fertilizer in Europe and the United States. ...
Incineration has been proposed as an alternative technology to reuse animal manure by producing energy and ash fertilizers. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of incineration temperature on the physical (ash yield) and chemical (nutrient) properties of ashes for different types of animal manure and cornstalk. The source materials were incinerated in a temperature-controlled muffle furnace at the temperature of 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 or 900 °C and the properties of the resultant ashes were determined following the procedures set by China National Standards. The results indicated that ash yield (AY, %), total nitrogen (TN) recovery and total potassium (K2O) recovery all decreased with increasing incineration temperature. The ranges of AY, ash TN and K2O recovery were, respectively, 43.6-30.2%, 6.9-0.6%, and 80-61% for laying-hen manure; 34.3-32.1%, 18.8-15.4%, and 95-56% for cattle manure; 25.3-20.7%, 14-0%, and 78-57% for swine manure; and 8.4-7.5%, 2.1-1.4%, and 37-19% for cornstalk. However, total phosphorus (P2O5) content of the ashes increased with incineration temperature, being 20.7-24.0% for swine manure, 4.5-7.5% for layer manure, and 2.7-3.4% for cornstalk. Animal manures have greater TN and P2O5 volatilization but less K2O and total sodium (Na2O) volatilization as compared to the cornstalk. The results provide a basis for incineration as an alternative means to reuse animal manures and cornstalk and suitability of the resultant ash co-product for different applications.
... 2.13 shows in particular the case of vane rings [23]. Besides the studies on the MGT materials, an additional field of great interest is the one related to the adoption of alternative fuels like those from gasification of solid wastes or bio-masses or other recoverable sources [25,35]. Two basic topics are the main subjects of investigation, say the adaptation of the MGT combustion system to a different fuelling and the integration of the gasifier with the power plant. ...
... 2.16. Finally, the authors in ref. [30,32,35] comprehensively describe and analyze, also by a thermo-economic point of view, MGT based power and combined plants integrated with systems for the pyrolysis of solid wastes or bio-masses. An example of the proposed layouts is given in fig. ...
After a preliminary overview of the multiplicity of solutions for the set up and operation of energy conversion systems based on micro-gas turbines, this paper outlines the method for performance evaluation under both steady state and transient conditions. The cycle analysis aims at the evaluation of thermal efficiency and energy saving indices under different fuelling conditions and with variably recuperated cycle. The subsequent component matching simulation extends the MGT analysis to the off-design conditions and it leads to the definition of methods for an efficient fulfilment of variable external loads. Finally, the study of some typical transient developments, of both the full-to-part and the part-to-full load type, introduces to the problem of defining proper fuel control laws as to prevent excesses in both energy consumption and component stresses and instabilities.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a bio-electrochemical system designed to generate energy by using electrons obtained from biological processes catalyzed by microorganisms. In MFCs, electrons are transmitted from the anode compartment (the negative terminal) to the cathode compartment (the positive terminal) via a conductive substance. Electrons are mixed with oxygen at the cathode, while protons diffuse via a proton exchange membrane. MFCs need continuous electron release from the anode and electron consumption from the cathode. Using microorganisms for effective conversion, MFC technology promises to produce clean energy from waste products produced by civilization. This technology, in contrast to renewable energy sources, recycles trash and energy created by our civilization and returns them to us, therefore reducing the adverse side effects of environmental degradation. This article examines the historical pattern of energy usage in Malaysia. In conjunction with that, this paper will review the principles of MFCs. Several designs of microbial fuel cells are utilized in this study. There has been variation in power density outcomes. Single-chamber, double-chamber, tubular, and flat-plate MFCs are examples of MFCs. Nonetheless, double-chamber and single-chamber MFCs are the focus of this paper. The substrate utilized affects the performance of MFCs; thus, several widely used substrates are also examined.KeywordsMicrobial fuel cellsMicroorganismElectricityRenewable energy
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a process that hydrolysis urea by microbial urease to fill the pore spaces of soil with induced calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitates, which eventually results in improved or solidified soil. This research explored the possibility of using dairy manure pellets (DMP) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) as alternative nutrient sources for Sporosarcina pasteurii cultivation and CaCO3 bioprecipitation. Different concentrations (20 to 80 g l-1) of DMP and POME were used to propagate the cells of Sporosarcina pasteurii under laboratory conditions. The measured CaCO3 contents for MICP soil specimens that were treated with bacterial cultures grown in DMP medium (60%, w/v) was 15.30 ±0.04g ml-1 and POME medium (40%, v/v) was 15.49 ±0.05g ml-1 after 21 days curing. The scanning electron microscopy showed that soil treated with DMP had rhombohedral structure-like crystals with smooth surfaces, while that of POME entailed ring-like cubical formation with rough surfaces Electron dispersive X-ray analysis was able to identify a high mass percentage of chemical element compositions (Ca, C, and O), while spectrum from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the vibration peak intensities for CaCO3. Atomic force microscopy further showed clear topographical differences on the crystal surface structures that were formed around the MICP treated soil samples. These nutrient sources (DMP and POME) showed encouraging potential cultivation mediums to address high costs related to bacterial cultivation and biocementation treatment.
