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In China, Korea, and Japan, a decoction of the dried root without bark of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis, dysmenorrhea, muscle cramping and spasms, and fever for more than 1200 years. A water/ethanol extract of the root is now known as total glucosides of peon...
Citations
... Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma (薑黃) were demonstrated in inflammatory disorders and pain [61]. Paeoniae Radix rubra (赤芍藥) was reported with its neuroprotective, analgesic, sedative, and antidepressant effects [62,63]. Chungpa-Jeon H, Chungpa-Jeon, and Chungshinbaro-hwan were prescribed for improvement in musculoskeletal complaints among post-accident syndrome, and all of the herbal medicine has GCSB-5 (a purified extract from a mixture of six oriental herbs) as the main ingredient. ...
This is a pragmatic, two-armed, parallel, single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial for comparative evaluation between the effectiveness of integrated Korean medicine (IKM) and herbal medicine treatment with that of IKM monotherapy (control) for post-accident syndrome persistent after the acute phase. Participants were randomized into Herbal Medicine (HM, n = 20) and Control groups (n = 20) to receive the allocated treatment of 1–3 sessions/week for 4 weeks. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. The Difference of Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) change of overall post-accident syndromes from baseline to week 5 for the two groups was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.08–2.48; p < 0.001). Regarding secondary outcomes, a significant decrease compared to the baseline values was confirmed for NRS of musculoskeletal, neurological, psychiatric complaints and general symptoms of post-accident syndromes. In a survival analysis based on the recovery criteria of “patients with a reduction in the NRS of overall post-accident syndromes of ≥50%,” the HM group showed a shorter time to recovery than the control group during the 17-week study period (p < 0.001 by the log-rank test). IKM combined with herbal medicine treatment significantly improved the quality of life by relieving somatic pain and alleviating the overall post-accident syndrome persistent after the acute phase; this effect was maintained for at least 17 weeks.
... Baishao, the dry bark-free root of cultivated Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeonia in short), has been employed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhea, hepatitis, muscle cramps and spasms, depression, diabetes and fever for thousands of years in East Asia [1,2] (fruit-1), GSM5121246 (fruit-2), GSM5121247 (leaf-1), GSM5121248 (leaf-2), GSM5121249 (root-1) and GSM5121250 (root-2).All further relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files. ...
Paeonia lactiflora Pall. ( Paeonia ) has aroused many concerns due to its extensive medicinal value, in which monoterpene glucoside paeoniflorin and its derivatives are the active chemical components. However, little is known in the molecular mechanism of monoterpenoids biosynthesis, and the regulation network between small RNAs and mRNAs in monoterpenoids biosynthesis has not been investigated yet. Herein, we attempted to reveal the tissue-specific regulation network of miRNAs and their targets related to paeoniaflorin and monoterpenoids biosynthesis in Paeonia by combining mRNA and miRNA expression data with degradome analysis. In all, 289 miRNAs and 30177 unigenes were identified, of which nine miRNAs from seven miRNA families including miR396, miR393, miR835, miR1144, miR3638, miR5794 and miR9555 were verified as monoterpenoids biosynthesis-related miRNAs by degradome sequencing. Moreover, the co-expression network analysis showed that four monoterpenoids-regulating TFs, namely AP2 , MYBC1 , SPL12 and TCP2 , were putatively regulated by five miRNAs including miR172, miR828, miR858, miR156 and miR319, respectively. The present study will improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the paeoniaflorin and monoterpenoids biosynthesis mediated by miRNA to a new level, and provide a valuable resource for further study on Paeonia .
... P. lactiflora root, named shakuyaku (シャクヤ ク; 芍薬), should not be mistaken for the tree peony, P. suffruticosa Andrews, whose root cortex is used as a different crude drug. P. lactiflora root is traditionally harvested after 5 years of cultivation and then used for its sedative, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities (Keio University Kampo Department; He and Dai, 2011). ...
The management of skin wound healing problems is a public health issue in which traditional herbal medicines could play a determining role. Kampo medicine, with three traditionally used ointments, provides interesting solutions for these dermatological issues. These ointments named Shiunkō, Chuōkō and Shinsen taitsukō all have in common a lipophilic base of sesame oil and beeswax in which herbal crude drugs are extracted according several possible manufacturing protocols. This review article brings together existing data on metabolites involved in the complex wound healing process. Among them, are representatives of the botanical genus Angelica, Lithospermum, Curcuma, Phellodendron, Paeonia, Rheum, Rehmannia, Scrophularia or Cinnamomum. Kampo provides numerous metabolites of interest whose content in crude drugs is very sensitive to different biotic and abiotic factors as well as to the different extraction protocols used for these ointments. If Kampo medicine is known for its singular standardization, ointments are not well known and research on these lipophilic formulas is not developed due to the analytical difficulties encountered in biological and metabolomic analysis. Further research taking into account the complexities of these unique herbal ointments could contribute to a rationalization of the Kampo therapeutic uses for wound healing.
... The herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a kind of traditional plant in Asia that has existed for more than 1200 years [1]. The species is currently largely distributed and cultivated in many regions all over the world, such as New Zealand, Europe, and North America [2,3]. ...
... Paeonia lactiflora is a multifunctional plant with high ornamental and nutritional value [1,3,4]. The seeds of P. lactiflora can be used to produce high-quality edible oil [7,8]. ...
The herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) has high ornamental and nutritional value, and the seeds of P. lactiflora can be used to produce high-quality edible oil. However, low seed yield limits the application of P. lactiflora. This can be mitigated by insect pollinators. Here, we evaluated the pollination services of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in a P. lactiflora field. We found that A. mellifera provided pollination for P. lactiflora throughout the day especially in the period from 10:00–15:00. Seed number and weight were significantly increased when P. lactiflora was pollinated by A. mellifera. Furthermore, a DNA barcode, the rbcL gene, was used to analyze pollen samples from the corbiculae (pollen baskets) of A. mellifera (bee pollen, BP) and P. lactiflora flowers (flower pollen, FP). High homology of rbcL genes in the BP and FP suggested that BP was collected from P. lactiflora. Based on our results, A. mellifera provided efficient pollination for P. lactiflora. Therefore, A. mellifera could be a good candidate pollinator for P. lactiflora and could be applied in the field.
... The extracts of Bai Shao have a variety of pharmacological effects, including spasmolytic, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. [50,51] Yin Chen is cool in nature, pungent and bitter in flavor, and is attributed to the liver, gallbladder, spleen, and stomach meridians. It can clear dampness-heat from liver, gallbladder, spleen, and stomach through inducing diuresis. ...
The objective of the study is to identify the effective common Chinese herbal medicines used in treating chronic cholecystitis with liver-gallbladder dampness-heat syndrome (CCLGDHS) through reviewing relevant clinical studies published in the past 10 years. Data were collected from ScienceDirect and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. Data screening was carried out for the abstracts and full texts of the data. The top 15 Chinese herbal medicines with the highest occurring frequency were selected, statistically analyzed, and classified by their medicinal properties, actions, and indications according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition. The top 15 effective common Chinese herbal medicines comprise Chai Hu, Huang Qin, Jin Qian Cao, Bai Shao, Yin Chen, Yu Jin, Chuan Lian Zi, Yan Hu Suo, Zhi Shi, Ban Xia, Bai Zhu, Pu Gong Ying, Gan Cao, Zhi Zi, and Qing Pi. The predominant natures were cold, cool, and warm. This combination can clear stagnant heat, warm Yang, and regulate Qi dynamics. In addition, bitter, pungent, and sweet were the predominant flavors. They can clear dampness-heat, regulate Qi dynamics to relieve cramps and pain, as well as tonify the deficiency. Along with entering the liver and gallbladder meridians, these herbal medicines also entered the spleen, stomach, and lung meridians to prevent potential disease transmission. The combinatorial medicinal actions of the effective common Chinese herbal medicine highlight the importance of the holistic concept of traditional Chinese medicine when treating CCLGDHS. In addition, the inclusion of activating blood to promote blood circulation, relieving cramps and alleviating pain, and tonifying the spleen and stomach represents a new finding in the treatment principle for CCLGDHS.
... The anti-inflammatory characteristics of P. pinnata aid with inflammation discomfort as well. [65][66][67] Commiphora mukul is commonly known as guggul belonging to the family Burseraceae. It's found in dry regions of India, and gum resin has the potential to treat OA. ...
... The total glucosides of paeony (TGP), mainly consisting of paeoniflorin (PF, Figure 1), albiflorin, paeonin, oxy-paeoniflorin, and benzoyl-paeoniflorin, was reported to have remarkable benefits for RA [12,13]. Additionally, total glucosides of paeony capsules (TGPCs) were approved by the China Food and Drug Administration in 1998 as an antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory drug for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients [14]. ...
A rapid, sensitive, and specific LC-MS/MS method was developed and fully validated for the detection of paeoniflorin only in rat plasma, and applied to pharmacokinetic studies, including intravenous, multi-dose oral and combined administrations with verapamil. In this study, tolbutamide was used as the internal standard, and the protein precipitation extraction method, using acetonitrile as the extraction agent, was used for the sample preparation. Subsequently, the supernatant samples were analyzed on a Phenomenex Gemini® NX-C18 column with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution procedure. In the extracted rat plasma, the method exhibited high sensitivity (LLOQ of 1.0 ng/mL) upon selecting ammonium adduct ions ([M+NH4] +) as the precursor ions and good linearity over the concentration range of 1.0–2000 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients >0.99. The intra- and inter-batch accuracy RE% values were within ±8.2%, and the precision %RSD values were ≤8.1% and ≤10.0%, respectively. The results show that the method can be successfully applied to quantitate paeoniflorin in biological samples. Additionally, paeoniflorin is subsequently confirmed to be the substrate of the P-gp transporter in vivo and in vitro for the first time, which would be necessary and beneficial to investigate the clinical safety and efficacy of PF with other drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
... Pharmacological investigation of Paeonia suffruticosa has demonstrated it has antioxidant 144 , neuroprotective 145 , antitumour 146 , anti-inflammatory 147 , and antidiabetic 148 properties. The dried root of Paeonia suffruticosa is commonly applied to cracked skin to assist healing and relieve pain 149 . When tested invitro at low concentrations (≤10 µg/mL), Paeonia suffruticosa is found to stimulate the viability and proliferation of human primary dermal fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes, suggesting its potential use as a wound healing therapy 150 . ...
Wound healing is the process by which skin repairs itself. Wound healing can be divided into 4 phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In humans, keratinocytes re-form a functional epidermis (re-epithelialization) as rapidly as possible, closing the wound and reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Dermal fibroblasts migrate into the wound bed and proliferate, creating granulation tissue rich in extracellular matrix proteins and supporting the growth of new blood vessels. Ultimately, this is remodelled over an extended period, returning the injured tissue to a state similar to that before injury. Dysregulation in any phase of the wound healing cascade delays healing and may result in various skin pathologies, including non-healing, hypertrophic scarring and chronic ulceration. Various plant products have been used in the treatment of wounds over the years. Recognizing the important role of traditional plants, we have undertaken an extensivesurvey of literature reporting the use of medicinal plants for wounds. We describe the activeingredients, bioactivities, clinical uses of 8 medicinal plant species. Several species including curcuma longa, honey, Terminalia chebula, Aloe vera, Centella asiatica, Arctium lappa, Commiphora myrrha, showing wound healing activities by their antiinflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.
... In recent years, studies have shown that traditional Chinese herbal medicines play important roles in T2DM with atherosclerosis [6,7]. Albiflorin, a monoterpene glycoside, is a main active ingredient extracted from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, which is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Asians [8]. Recently, a wide range of pharmacodynamic effects for albiflorin have been found, including antioxidant, mitochondrial homeostasis maintaining, and insulin signal regulation, and therefore, it has been mentioned as potential drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease [9], cholesterol gallstone [10], and metabolic syndrome [11]. ...
Objective
Paeonia lactiflora Pall has long been recognized as an anti-inflammatory traditional Chinese herbal medicine. We aimed to study the pharmacological action of albiflorin, an active ingredient extracted from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, on diabetic vascular complications.
Methods
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with high glucose and treated with 5, 10, and 20 μM albiflorin. CCK-8 assay, EdU staining, Annexin V-FITC staining, transwell assay, scratch test, RT-PCR, ELISA, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were carried out. SwissTargetPrediction database was used for screening targets of albiflorin and molecular docking was done using Autodock Vina software.
Results
Albiflorin treatment dose-dependently alleviated high glucose-induced viability loss of HUVECs. In addition, albiflorin promoted the proliferation and migration, while inhibited apoptosis and the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in HUVECs. PARP1 was predicted and confirmed to be a target for albiflorin in vitro. Albiflorin targeted PARP1 to inhibit the activation of NF-κB. Transfection of HUVECs with PARP1 overexpression plasmids effectively reversed the effects of albiflorin on high glucose-treated HUVECs.
Conclusions
Albiflorin suppressed high glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and inflammation, suggesting its potential in treating diabetic vascular complications. The action of albiflorin possibly caused by its regulation on inhibiting PARP1/NF-κB signaling.
... In order to investigate the effect of the neurite outgrowth-promoting activity caused by the differences in chemical structures, the activities were evaluated and compared using compound 1, compound 2, isoquercitrin (3), isorhamnetin (4), kaempferol (5), and quercetin (6). Their chemical structures are shown in Figure 1. ...
Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and astragalin, flavonol glucosides, were isolated from the petals of Paeonia lactiflora as neurite outgrowth-promoting compounds. Isoquercitrin, formed by demethylating the B ring of isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside or by adding a hydroxyl group to the B ring of astragalin, was evaluated for neurite outgrowth-promoting activity and was compared with the activities of isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and astragalin. The activities of isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin, aglycones corresponding to isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, astragalin, and isoquercitrin, respectively, were also evaluated. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and astragalin showed much stronger neurite outgrowth-promoting activities than the activities of the other tested flavonoids. They exhibited relatively weak anti-oxidant activities and moderate AChE inhibitory activities compared to the activities of the other tested flavonoids. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and astragalin promoted morphological neurite outgrowth and the expression of neurofilaments induced by NGF in PC12 cells. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and astragalin might be candidate compounds as neural differentiation agents in peripheral nerves and functional food ingredients preventing cognitive decline.
