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Background:
Zingiber zerumbet rhizome and its bioactive metabolites have previously been reported to exhibit innumerable pharmacological properties particularly anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, the 80% ethanol extract, essential oil and zerumbone of Z. zerumbet rhizomes were explored for their in vitro immunosuppressive properti...
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Context 1
... purity (> 98%) and identity of ZER were confirmed based on ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy and its physicochemical property [11]. Figure 1 shows the chemical structure of ZER and Fig. 2 depicts 13 C-NMR spectrum of ZER. Additional file 1: Fig. S1 and Additional file 2: Fig. S2 show 1 HNMR and HRESI-MS spectra of the compound. ...
Context 2
... recrystallization from n-hexane-ethyl acetate, white crystals of 87.4 mg of ZER (0.87%) were obtained. The purity (> 98%) and identity of ZER were confirmed based on ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy and its physicochemical property [11]. Figure 1 shows the chemical structure of ZER and Fig. 2 depicts 13 C-NMR spectrum of ZER. Additional file 1: Fig. S1 and Additional file 2: Fig. S2 show 1 HNMR and HRESI-MS spectra of the ...
Citations
... According to [58], major bioactive compounds found in Z. zerumbet were zerumbone, limonene, and humulene. [59] identified 56 active compounds of Z. zerumbet essential oil extracts, followed by [60] with 50 compounds, [54] with 18 compounds, and [61] with 17 compounds. The species studied originated from Penang, Selangor, Sabah, and Pahang respectively. ...
... The species studied originated from Penang, Selangor, Sabah, and Pahang respectively. The most abundant components of Z. zerumbet rhizome oil were zerumbone, α-humulene, camphene, and caryophyllene oxide [54,59,60,61]. In another study by [50] who investigated the crude extracts of Z. zerumbet of Selangor, 51 bioactive components were reported with humulene epoxide II and zerumbone as the major constituents of the extracts. ...
Zingiberaceae is a perennial plant family that is found across the tropics, particularly in Southeast Asia from low land to hill forests. In Peninsular Malaysia, it is believed that 160 ginger species are widely distributed belonging to 18 genera. Most of the Zingiber species in Peninsular Malaysia are less investigated and less understood taxonomically, thus remaining as under-utilized crops. The description of their morphologies in parallel with phytochemicals and molecular information are crucial to provide valuable information for further discovery of potent compounds, identification of potential new sources of genetic variation, as well as to provide insight into the domestication and breeding of ginger. The majority of Zingiber species are perennial herbs with a fragrant scent, an upright stem, and a fibrous rhizome. The presence of volatile components such as monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, sesquiterpenoids and some non-volatile compounds like gingerols, shagaols, and zingerone have contributed to the strong scent of the ginger oils. Among the dominant components of Zingiber are α-zingiberene, geranial, neral, camphene, neral, neric acid, α-curcumene, and zerumbone. The crude extracts and essential oils of Zingiber have proven to show some biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-bacterial, insecticidal, larvicidal, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulceration, antioxidant, anti-fungal, immunomodulatory, and anti-nociceptive. Most Zingiber species are known to have 22 somatic chromosomes (2n=22) which is the lowest among genera in Zingiberaceae. This study underscores the crucial significance of breeding programs and germplasm conservation, specifically emphasizing the potential of common ginger as a prominent contributor.
... Berbagai macam senyawa ditemukan pada tanaman lempuyang seperti α-Pinen, kampen, α-Terpinena, 1,8-Sineol, β-Ocimena, Nonen-1-ol, Terpinen-4-ol, β-Karyofilena, α-Humulena, (E)-Nerolidol, karyophyllen oksida, humulena epoksida, Caryophylla-4 (14),8 (15) dien-5.alpha.-ol, kalamenena, α-Bisabolol, farnesol, dan zerumbon (Akhtar et al., 2019). Ghazalee et al. (2019) menambahkan bahwa etil galat, asam galat, katekin, kaempferol, kurkumin, desmethoxycurcumin, bisdesmethoxycurcumin, dan zerumbon adalah senyawa aktif yang diisolasi dari daun dan rimpang Z. zerumbet. ...
... Paramita et al., 2021) • Antiinflamasi (Shavira et al., 2021) • Antimikroba (Ahmad et al., 2023) (Hardi, Saptiani, Nurkadina, et al., 2018;Rizki et al., 2023) • Imunomodulator • Imunosupresan • Antiinflamasi • Antioksidan • Antibakteri (Yuandani et al., 2023) Berdasarkan hasil studi literatur pada Tabel 2, diketahui bahwa kandungan senyawa aktif pada tanaman lempuyang memiliki banyak manfaat yang dapat digunakan untuk kegiatan budidaya ikan. Senyawa aktif pada tanaman lempuyang memiliki peran sebagai antikanker (Ahmad et al., 2023;Akhtar et al., 2019;Diastuti et al., 2022;Ibáñez et al., 2022;Koga et al., 2016;Kristianto et al., 2022;Lallo et al., 2018;Noviantari et al., 2022;Paramita et al., 2021;Shavira et al., 2021), antiinflamasi (Ahmad et al., 2023;Akhtar et al., 2019;Fatmawati & Rohmah, 2022;Ghazalee et al., 2019;Hidayah & Indradi, 2020;Ibáñez et al., 2022;Koga et al., 2016;Kristianto et al., 2022;Lallo et al., 2018;Murini et al., 2018;Noviantari et al., 2022;Paramita et al., 2021;Rahayu et al., 2019Rahayu et al., , 2020Shavira et al., 2021;Silalahi, 2018;Yuandani et al., 2023), antioksidan (Ahmad et al., 2023;Akhtar et al., 2019;Diastuti et al., 2022;Ghazalee et al., 2019;Ibáñez et al., 2022;Koga et al., 2016;Kristianto et al., 2022;Noviantari et al., 2022;Paramita et al., 2021;Shavira et al., 2021;Yuandani et al., 2023), antitumor (Ahmad et al., 2023;Koga et al., 2016;Lallo et al., 2018;Murini et al., 2018;Noviantari et al., 2022;, antiproliferatif (Ahmad et al., 2023;Diastuti et al., 2022;Ibáñez et al., 2022;Koga et al., 2016;Murini et al., 2018), dan antiplatelet (Fatmawati & Rohmah, 2022;Murini et al., 2018;. ...
... Paramita et al., 2021) • Antiinflamasi (Shavira et al., 2021) • Antimikroba (Ahmad et al., 2023) (Hardi, Saptiani, Nurkadina, et al., 2018;Rizki et al., 2023) • Imunomodulator • Imunosupresan • Antiinflamasi • Antioksidan • Antibakteri (Yuandani et al., 2023) Berdasarkan hasil studi literatur pada Tabel 2, diketahui bahwa kandungan senyawa aktif pada tanaman lempuyang memiliki banyak manfaat yang dapat digunakan untuk kegiatan budidaya ikan. Senyawa aktif pada tanaman lempuyang memiliki peran sebagai antikanker (Ahmad et al., 2023;Akhtar et al., 2019;Diastuti et al., 2022;Ibáñez et al., 2022;Koga et al., 2016;Kristianto et al., 2022;Lallo et al., 2018;Noviantari et al., 2022;Paramita et al., 2021;Shavira et al., 2021), antiinflamasi (Ahmad et al., 2023;Akhtar et al., 2019;Fatmawati & Rohmah, 2022;Ghazalee et al., 2019;Hidayah & Indradi, 2020;Ibáñez et al., 2022;Koga et al., 2016;Kristianto et al., 2022;Lallo et al., 2018;Murini et al., 2018;Noviantari et al., 2022;Paramita et al., 2021;Rahayu et al., 2019Rahayu et al., , 2020Shavira et al., 2021;Silalahi, 2018;Yuandani et al., 2023), antioksidan (Ahmad et al., 2023;Akhtar et al., 2019;Diastuti et al., 2022;Ghazalee et al., 2019;Ibáñez et al., 2022;Koga et al., 2016;Kristianto et al., 2022;Noviantari et al., 2022;Paramita et al., 2021;Shavira et al., 2021;Yuandani et al., 2023), antitumor (Ahmad et al., 2023;Koga et al., 2016;Lallo et al., 2018;Murini et al., 2018;Noviantari et al., 2022;, antiproliferatif (Ahmad et al., 2023;Diastuti et al., 2022;Ibáñez et al., 2022;Koga et al., 2016;Murini et al., 2018), dan antiplatelet (Fatmawati & Rohmah, 2022;Murini et al., 2018;. ...
... Zerumbone significantly inhibited the oxidative burst of PMA-and zymosan-induced neutrophils. The presence of bioactive constituents, especially zerumbone, in the extract and oil might cause substantial inhibition by this extract and oil on the phagocytosis of neutrophils (Akhtar et al., 2019). ...
... The expression of CD18 when administered with 50 μg/ml was 72.57%, which was lower than the control group (92.47%). A decrease in the CD18 expression led to a decrease in the inflammatory process, indicating that zerumbone has the potential to be developed into an immunosuppressant (Akhtar et al., 2019). Another study revealed that zerumbone (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) suppressed the phagocytic activity in a concentrationdependent manner compared to the control group. ...
... Zerumbone strongly inhibited the oxidative burst of zymosan and phorbol myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated neutrophils. It significantly decreased extracellular ROS generation in PMNs, with an IC 50 value of 17.36 M, comparable to aspirin (Akhtar et al., 2019;Ibanez et al., 2023). Zerumbone was also effective against fluconazoleresistant and fluconazole-susceptible Candida albicans biofilms and disrupted the extracellular matrix (Abreu-Pereira et al., 2023). ...
Zingiber and Alpinia species (family: Zingiberaceae) are popularly used in food as spices and flavoring agents and in ethnomedicine to heal numerous diseases, including immune-related disorders. However, their ethnomedicinal uses have not been sufficiently supported by scientific investigations. Numerous studies on the modulating effects of plants and their bioactive compounds on the different steps of the immune system have been documented. This review aimed to highlight up-to-date research findings and critically analyze the modulatory effects and mechanisms of the extracts and secondary compounds of several Zingiber and Alpinia species, namely, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Z. cassumunar Roxb., Z. zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm., Alpinia galanga Linn., A. conchigera Griff, A. katsumadai Hayata, A. oxyphylla Miq., A. officinarum Hance, A. zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith, and A. purpurata (Viell.) K. Schum. on the immune system, particularly via the inflammation-related signaling pathways. The immunomodulating activities of the crude extracts of the plants have been reported, but the constituents contributing to the activities have mostly not been identified. Among the extracts, Z. officinale extracts were the most investigated for their in vitro, in vivo, and clinical effects on the immune system. Among the bioactive metabolites, 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerols, 6-shogaol, and zerumbone from Zingiber species and cardamomin, 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate, yakuchinone, rutin, 1,8-cineole, and lectin from Alpinia species have demonstrated strong immunomodulating effects. More experimental studies using cell and animal models of immune-related disorders are necessary to further understand the underlying mechanisms, together with elaborate preclinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, and toxicity studies. Many of these extracts and secondary metabolites are potential candidates for clinical development in immunomodulating agents or functional foods to prevent and treat chronic inflammatory disorders.
... The main compounds obtained from the essential oils of these species are considerably different, with α-zingiberene, zerumbone and palmitic acid extracted as the main component of Z. officinale, Z. zerumbet and Z. striolatum, respectively. Focusing our attention on Z. zerumbet, the main bioactive compound found in the ethanolic extract and essential oil is zerumbone [8]. However, the chemical composition of Z. zerumbet rhizome essential oil is different depending on the geographical origin and the drying processes used, which can reduce the biological activity. ...
... mg/g), acetone (64.58%) and methanol extracts (2.767-33.018 mg/g) of Z. zerumbet rhizome [8,42,43], as well as the principal compound detected in many Z. zerumbet varieties such as darcyi (69.9%) and Jor Lab ZB-103 (32.79%) [9,44]. In contrast to rhizome oil, the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts (leaf, stem and inflorescence) of Z. zerumbet is dominated by nerolidol, trans-phytol, β-caryophyllene, linalool, pinenes, with a lesser content of zerumbone [38,40]. ...
... Furthermore, both systems significantly induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 inhibition of antiapoptotic protein, and stimulation of proapoptotic protein expressions in a time-dependent manner. Further information on the in vivo effects of orally administrated NLC-zerumbone was reported in a study by Akhtar et al. in which the antitumor, immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of zerumbone and NLCzerumbone in in vivo 4T1 challenged mice were compared [8]. NLC-zerumbone was found to further improve the efficacy of zerumbone, effectively controlling tumor growth and metastasis via delaying cancer cell cycle progression and apoptosis. ...
Zerumbone is a multifunctional compound with antimicrobial, antitumor, hyperalgesic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications, and constitutes a point molecule for the future synthesis of derivatives with improved efficiency. This monocyclic sesquiterpenoid is found in high content in wild ginger (Zingiber zerumbet Smith), a perennial herb with economic importance as an ornamental as well as a medicinal plant. The presence of zerumbone is a distinctive feature that allows identification and differentiation from other species, not only in Zingiber, but also in Curcuma, Alpinia, Boesenbergia, Ethlingera and Ammomum spp., as well as related families (Costaceaee). To successfully use zerumbone in areas such as medicine, food and agriculture, further research on improving its low solubility and bioavailability, as well as its preservation, is a major current priority. In addition, despite its promising pharmacological activities, preclinical and clinical studies are required to demonstrate and evaluate the in vivo efficacy of zerumbone.
... Zingiber zerumbet Smith, commonly known as Lempoyang, is a small, perennial, medicinal herb plant that has been established and cultivated mainly in Asia and subtropical regions [6]. Its rhizome extract consists primarily of zerumbone (37%), followed by α-humulene (14%) and camphene (13.8%), which have been shown to exhibit important pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory [7], anticancer, antibacterial, antipyretic [8], anti-allergic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-ulcer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties [9]. Hence, the rhizome has been extensively cultivated and investigated for bioactive compounds. ...
Zingiber zerumbet, also known as ‘Lempoyang’, possesses various phytomedicinal properties, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and antioxidant properties. Secondary metabolites possessing such properties i.e., zerumbone and α-humulene, are found dominantly in the plant rhizome. Synergistic effects of plant growth hormones and elicitors on in vitro α-humulene and zerumbone production, and biomass growth, in adventitious root culture (AdRC) of Z. zerumbet cultivated in a two-stage culture are reported. The culture was induced by supplementation of 1.0 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L IBA (dark), and subsequently maintained in medium supplemented with 1 mg/L NAA and 3 mg/L BAP (16:08 light-dark cycle), yielded the production of zerumbone at 3440 ± 168 µg/g and α-humulene at 3759 ± 798 µg/g. Synergistic elicitation by 400 μM methyl jasmonate (MeJa) and 400 μM salicylic acid (SA) resulted in a 13-fold increase in zerumbone (43,000 ± 200 µg/g), while 400 μM MeJa and 600 μM SA produced a 4.3-fold increase in α-humulene (15,800 ± 5100 µg/g) compared to control.
... zerumbone [30]. Other terpenoids extracted by 96% ethanol solvent were α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene [31]. Another study suggested that flavonoid kaempferol was also extracted in this solvent [32]. ...
BACKGROUND: Lempuyang, or widely known as wild ginger, has been used in Indonesia as traditional medicine for a long time. However, scientific research supporting its medicinal use is still very limited. AIM: This research was conducted to investigate the anxiolytic activity of three species of Indonesian Lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet, Zingiber aromaticum, and Zingiber americans). METHODS: Sixty-six male Swiss Webster mice were divided into 11 groups (negative control, positive control, and experiment groups consisting of low, moderate, and high dose of Z. zerumbet, Z. aromaticum, and Z. americans extract, respectively). Anxiolytic activity was evaluated by three methods: elevated plus maze test, open field test, and hole board test. RESULTS: The results showed that these three species of Indonesian Lempuyang lowered the anxiety response in elevated plus maze test, open field test, and hole board test compared to negative control (p < 0.05). The best anxiolytic activity was achieved by moderate dose of Z. americans (8.5 mg/20 gbb), consistently through three methods applied. CONCLUSION: This research supports the potential use of the ethanolic extract of Lempuyang (Z. zerumbet, Z. aromaticum, and Z. americans) as a complementary therapy for anxiety.
... Zerumbone attenuated inflammation in the animal model while reduced the inflammatory mediators to be exact iNOS, NF-κB, COX-2, VEGF, IL-1β, IL-6 IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, as well as upregulated the serum IL-2, HO-1 expression and IFN-γ levels (Mohamad et al. 2015;Shieh et al. 2015). In addition, zerumbone showed strong inhibitory effects on oxidative burst of zymosan-and PMA-stimulated neutrophils (Akhtar et al. 2019). Knowing these underlying mechanisms involved will support future research to improve zerumbone as an immunomodulatory drug candidate for cancer and inflammatory disease prevention and new treatment. ...
Medicinally important plant-foods offer a balanced immune function, which is essential for protecting the body against antigenic invasion, mainly by microorganisms. immunomodulators play pivotal roles in supporting immune function either suppressing or stimulating the immune system's response to invading pathogens. Among different immunomodulators, plant-based secondary metabolites have emerged as high potential not only for immune defense but also for cellular immunoresponsiveness. These natural immunomodulators can be developed into safer alternatives to the clinically used immunosuppressants and immunostimulant cytotoxic drugs which possess serious side effects. Many plants of different species have been reported to possess strong immunomodulating properties. The immunomodulatory effects of plant extracts and their bioactive metabolites have been suggested due to their diverse mechanisms of modulation of the complex immune system and their multifarious molecular targets. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates and polyphenols have been reported as responsible for the immunomodulatory effects of several medicinal plants. This review illustrates the potent immunomodulatory effects of 65 plant secondary metabolites, including dietary compounds and their underlying mechanisms of action on cellular and humoral immune functions in in vitro and in vivo studies. The clinical potential of some of the compounds to be used for various immune-related disorders is highlighted.
... In vivo Male wistar rats ZER inhibited the migration of neutrophils, expressions of CD11b/CD18 integrin, phagocytic activity, and production of reactive oxygen species [162] In vitro CD18 integrin expression and phagocytic engulfment ZER showed strong inhibition on the phagocytosis of neutrophils.Z [163] In vitro Asthmatic mouse model ZER reduced ovalbumin (OVA)-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and induced IgG2a antibody production. It also reduced the production of eotaxin, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, and promoted Th1 cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ production. ...
The genus Zingiber consists of about 85 species and many of these species are used as food, spices, and medicines. One of the species, Zingiber montanum (J. Koenig) Link ex A. Dietr. is native to Southeast Asia and has been extensively used as traditional medicines and food. The aim of this review was to collect and critically analyze the scientific information about the bioactive compounds and pharmacological activities of Z. montanum with focus on one of the main components, zerumbone (ZER). Various studies have reported the analysis of volatile constituents of the essential oils from Z. montanum. Similarly, many phenylbutanoids, flavonoids and terpenes were also isolated from rhizomes. These essential oils, extracts and compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities among others. Zerumbone has been studied widely for its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological activities. Future studies should focus on the exploration of various pharmacological activities of other compounds including phenylbutanoids and flavonoids. Bioassay guided isolation may result in the separation of other active components from the extracts. Z. montanum could be a promising source for the development of pharmaceutical products and functional foods.
... The species Zingiber zerumbet Triboun & K.Larsen, together with those belonging to the genus Curcuma, are known for their vast bioactive potential, containing compounds such as curione and zerumbone [108][109][110]. The antiviral action of EOs obtained from plants from the Curcuma genus is little reported in the literature. ...
Essential oils (EOs) and their compounds have attracted particular attention for their reported beneficial properties, especially their antiviral potential. However, data regarding their anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential are scarce in the literature. Thus, this study aimed to identify the most promising EO compounds against SARS-CoV-2 based on their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity properties. A systematic literature search retrieved 1669 articles; 40 met the eligibility criteria, and 35 were eligible for analysis. These studies resulted in 465 EO compounds evaluated against 11 human and/or SARS-CoV-2 target proteins. Ninety-four EO compounds and seven reference drugs were clustered by the highest predicted binding affinity. Furthermore, 41 EO compounds showed suitable drug-likeness and bioactivity score indices (≥0.67). Among these EO compounds, 15 were considered the most promising against SARS-CoV-2 with the ADME/T index ranging from 0.86 to 0.81. Some plant species were identified as EO potential sources with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, such as Melissa officinalis Arcang, Zataria multiflora Boiss, Eugenia brasiliensis Cambess, Zingiber zerumbet Triboun & K.Larsen, Cedrus libani A.Rich, and Vetiveria zizanoides Nash. Our work can help fill the gap in the literature and guide further in vitro and in vivo studies, intending to optimize the finding of effective EOs against COVID-19.
... González-Peña, Checa, de Ancos, Wheelock, & Sánchez-Moreno, 2017; Gonzalez-Pena et al., 2017; Seo et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2018); Reviewed in (Corzo-Martínez, Corzo, & Villamiel, 2007; Bisen, P, & Emerald, 2016) Yes (Lee et al., 2012; P. Mehrbod, E. Amini, & M. Tavassoti-Kheiri, 2009; Tsai et al., 1985; Weber et al., 1992)GingerAntioxidant Anti-inflammatory Immunomodulatory(Akhtar, Jantan, Arshad, & Haque, 2019;Jo et al., 2016;Kim, Kwak, & Kim, 2018;Motawi, Hamed, Shabana, Hashem, & Aboul Naser, 2011;Tian et al., 2020); Revised in(Anh et al., 2020) Yes(Aboubakr et al., 2016;Chang, Wang, Yeh, Shieh, & Chiang, 2013) ...
Background
Korean traditional food (KTF), originated from ancestral agriculture and the nomadic traditions of the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, is based on healthy food that balances disease prevention and treatment. Fermented foods that include grains, herbs, fruits, and mushrooms are also an important practice in KTF, providing high levels of Lactobacilli, which confer relevant health benefits, including antiviral properties. Some of these probiotics may also protect against the Influenza virus through the modulation of innate immunity.
Scope and approach
The emerging of the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to other diseases of viral origin, and the problems associated with other respiratory disorders, highlight how essential is a healthy eating pattern to strengthen our immune system.
Key Findings and Conclusions: The present review covers the information available on edible plants, herbs, mushrooms, and preparations used in KTF to outline their multiple medicinal effects (e.g., antidiabetic, chemopreventive, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial), emphasizing their role and effects on the immune system with an emphasis on modulating properties of the gut microbiota that further support strong respiratory immunity. Potential functional foods commonly used in Korean cuisine such as Kimchi (a mixture of fermented vegetables), Meju, Doenjang, Jeotgal, and Mekgeolli and fermented sauces, among others, are highlighted for their great potential to improve gut-lung immunity. The traditional Korean diet and dietary mechanisms that may target viruses ACE-2 receptors or affect any step of a virus infection pathway that can determine a patient's prognosis are also highlighted. The regular oral intake of bioactive ingredients used in Korean foods can offer protection for some viral diseases, through protective and immunomodulatory effects, as evidenced in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
