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Many anticancer active compounds are known to have the capacity to destroy pathologically proliferating cancer cells in the body, as well as to destroy rapidly proliferating normal cells. Despite remarkable advances in cancer research over the past few decades, the inclusion of natural compounds in researches as potential drug candidates is becomin...
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The flowering plant genus Alisma, which belongs to the family Alismataceae, comprises 11 species, including Alisma orientale, Alisma canaliculatum, and Alisma plantago-aquatica. Alismatis rhizome (Ze xie in Chinese, Takusha in Japanese, and Taeksa in Korean, AR), the tubers of medicinal plants from Alisma species, have long been used to treat infla...
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... These are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into different populations of tumour cells, leading to tumour growth, metastasis, tumour recurrence and resistance to therapies (52)(53)(54)(55). As a result, the present study examined the expression of two putative CSC markers, CD44 and EpCAM, in patients with HCC (56)(57)(58)(59)(60). At the cut off value of >5% of tumour cells with staining, 40 and 33% of the cases were CD44-positive and EpCAM-positive, respectively. ...
... More recently, emodin, which is a natural product found in the roots of a number of plants and an anthraquinone derivate, has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of CD44-positive tumour cells. Further research should investigate whether the antitumour activity of emodin in HCC cells is accompanied by increased toxicity (60,61). While none of the patients in the present study exhibited nuclear staining of CD44, 7% of the cases exhibited nuclear expression of EpCAM, and the nuclear expression of EpCAM was associated with poor prognosis (25.67 vs. 53.52 ...
The aberrant expression of HER family members and cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been associated with tumour progression and resistance to therapy. At present, several HER inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of patients with a range of cancers but not for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study investigated the co‑expression and prognostic significance of HER family members, type‑III deletion mutant EGFR (EGFRvIII), and the putative CSC biomarkers CD44 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in 43 patients with HCC. The relative expression of these biomarkers was determined using immunohistochemistry. At a cut off value of >5% of tumour cells stained for these biomarkers, 35% [wild‑type (wt)EGFR], 58% (HER‑2), 0% (HER‑3), 19% (HER‑4), 26% (EGFRvIII), 40% (CD44) and 33% (EpCAM) of patients were positive. In 23, 14 and 9% of the patients, wtEGFR expression was accompanied by co‑expression with HER‑2, EGFRvIII and HER‑2/EGFRvIII, respectively. EGFRvIII expression, membranous expression of CD44 and co‑expression of wtEGFR/EGFRvIII were associated with poor overall survival (OS). By contrast, cytoplasmic CD44 expression was associated with a longer OS time. The present study also investigated the effect of several agents targeting one or more members of the HER family, other growth factor receptors and cell signalling proteins on the proliferation of HCC cell lines. Among agents targeting one or more members of the HER family, the pan‑HER family blocker afatinib was the most effective, inhibiting the proliferation of three out of seven human liver cancer cell lines (LCCLs), while the CDK inhibitor dinacicilib was the most effective agent, inhibiting the proliferation of all human LCCLs tested. Taken together, the present results suggested that EGFRvIII expression and its co‑expression with wtEGFR or CD44 was of prognostic significance. These results also support further investigations of the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting EGFRvIII and other members of the HER family in patients with HCC.
... Inhibit the growth of HCC cells and inhibiting cell proliferation Induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell migration and invasion. 134 cascades and genetic changes that lead to HCC, as well as the connection between liver cirrhosis, dysplastic nodules, and HCC, can lead to better ways for preventing and treating the illness. Better patient outcomes can be achieved through the examination, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC if healthcare providers from different fields work together. ...
Most initial liver cancers are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), which make up the vast majority of cases. Hepatitis B or C virus infection as well as alcohol consumption is among the key risk factors. The significance of the most intriguing soluble factors as indicators for early diagnosis and as suggested targets for therapy in light of the increasing challenges in precision medicine. The development of HCC is influenced by a complex combination between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their signalling cascades. Recently,researchers are aims to assess the potential of a number of distinct molecular cascade/cascade including cytokines to function as key players with particular underlying etiologies. Increasing our knowledge of the signaling network that links retro differentiation and inflammationmay help us find novel therapeutic targets and develop combined therapies or treatments that work against tumors with a significant degree of heterogeneity. With nursing processes at its center, comprehensive nursing care is a new nursing paradigm that combines the benefits of primary and group nursin g as well as a perfect synthesis of many nursing metrics like nursing philosophy, nursing plan, and nursing quality evaluation. In order to treat patients with serious liver diseases like cancer, it can conduct nursing interventions item by item in accordance with the unique disease conditions of each patient and combine efficient therapeutic approaches with high-quality nursing modes. Dietary natural products, including fruits, vegetables, and spices, may prevent and treat liver cancer by inhibiting tumor growth, protecting the liver, and enhancing chemotherapy.
... Emodin repressed the growth of human lung epithelial (A549) cells in BALB/c nude mice by inducing ER stress-dependent apoptosis. Emodin increased TRIB3/ER stress signaling and nuclear factor-B signaling, according to the in vitro molecular mechanism [139]. Likewise, Genistein, a naturally occurring isoflavone with properties resembling estrogen, can be found in soybeans. ...
Traditional medicinal foods derived from natural sources have gained increasing attention in recent years due to their perceived health benefits and potential therapeutic properties and are deeply rooted in cultural practices. This review aimed at understanding their potential health benefits, emphasizes the need to identify the key bioactive substances in traditional home medicine. We have discussed the bioactive properties, molecular targets, and anti-cancer effects of various compounds such as curcumin, genistein, berberine, resveratrol, and, quercetin present in traditional medicinal foods. Our study highlights the potential of traditional medicinal food in the prevention and management of various health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders as evident from in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. Additionally, our study explores the mechanistic action of various bioactive constituents of grapes, rosemary, barberry, turmeric and garlic that have been shown to interfere with cancer growth, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and induce apoptosis by targeting various pathways and the cell cycle. Additionally, a wide range of healing abilities of medicinal foods including their impact on cancer cells demonstrate their direct anti-tumor potential along with antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. To summarize, the present review highlights that integrating the insights of contemporary science with the age-old wisdom of traditional medicine in a systematic way holds immense potential for developing alternate and effective approaches to cancer therapeutics and offering evidence-based dietary recommendations.
... Intestinal discomfort and severe diarrhea brought on by an overdose of emodin due to its laxative properties lead to an electrolyte imbalance and dehydration [179]. Generally, it is also known to have kidney toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity, especially at high doses and long-term use [180] The extremely low bioavailability of emodin further limits its use in therapeutic applications [179]. ...
The Latin word lupus, meaning wolf, was in the medical literature prior to the 1200s to describe skin lesions that devour flesh, and the resources available to physicians to help people were limited. The present text reviews the ethnobotanical and pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants and purified molecules from natural sources with efficacy against lupus conditions. Among these molecules are artemisinin and its derivatives, antroquinonol, baicalin, curcumin, emodin, mangiferin, salvianolic acid A, triptolide, the total glycosides of paeony (TGP), and other supplements such as fatty acids and vitamins. In addition, medicinal plants, herbal remedies, mushrooms, and fungi that have been investigated for their effects on different lupus conditions through clinical trials, in vivo, in vitro, or in silico studies are reviewed. A special emphasis was placed on clinical trials, active phytochemicals, and their mechanisms of action. This review can be helpful for researchers in designing new goal-oriented studies. It can also help practitioners gain insight into recent updates on supplements that might help patients suffering from lupus conditions.
... Intestinal discomfort and severe diarrhea brought on by an overdose of emodin due to its laxative properties lead to an electrolyte imbalance and dehydration [179]. Generally, it is also known to have kidney toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity, especially at high doses and long-term use [180] The extremely low bioavailability of emodin further limits its use in therapeutic applications [179]. ...
The Latin word lupus, meaning wolf, was in the medical literature prior to the 1200s to describe skin lesions that devour flesh, and the resources available to physicians to help people were limited. The present text reviews the ethnobotanical and pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants and purified molecules from natural sources with efficacy against lupus conditions. Among these molecules are artemisinin and its derivatives, antroquinonol, baicalin, curcumin, emodin, mangiferin, salvianolic acid A, triptolide, the total glycosides of paeony (TGP), and other supplements such as fatty acids and vitamins. In addition, medicinal plants, herbal remedies, mushrooms, and fungi that have been investigated for their effects on different lupus conditions through clinical trials, in vivo, in vitro, or in silico studies are reviewed. A special emphasis was placed on clinical trials, active phytochemicals, and their mechanisms of action. This review can be helpful for researchers in designing new goal-oriented studies. It can also help practitioners gain insight into recent updates on supplements that might help patients suffering from lupus conditions.
... This innovative approach involves encapsulating specific herbicide molecules targeting precise receptors at the roots of the intended weeds (Kumar, 2020). Upon application, these meticulously designed nanoparticles infiltrate the weed's root system, undergoing translocation and disrupting the plant's glycolysis (Akkol et al., 2021). This targeted intervention culminates in the plant nutritional deprivation, leading to its eventual demise (Bartolini et al., 2018). ...
Through the advancement of nanotechnology, agricultural and food systems are undergoing strategic enhancements, offering innovative solutions to complex problems. This scholarly essay thoroughly examines
nanotechnological innovations and their implications within these critical industries. Traditional practices are
undergoing radical transformation as nanomaterials emerge as novel agents in roles traditionally filled by fertilizers, pesticides, and biosensors. Micronutrient management and preservation techniques are further
enhanced, indicating a shift towards more nutrient-dense and longevity-oriented food production. Nanoparticles
(NPs), with their unique physicochemical properties, such as an extraordinary surface-to-volume ratio, find
applications in healthcare, diagnostics, agriculture, and other fields. However, concerns about their potential
overuse and bioaccumulation raise unanswered questions about their health effects. Molecule-to-molecule interactions and physicochemical dynamics create pathways through which nanoparticles cause toxicity. The
combination of nanotechnology and environmental sustainability principles leads to the examination of green
nanoparticle synthesis. The discourse extends to how nanomaterials penetrate biological systems, their applications, toxicological effects, and dissemination routes. Additionally, this examination delves into the ecological
consequences of nanomaterial contamination in natural ecosystems. Employing robust risk assessment methodologies, including the risk allocation framework, is recommended to address potential dangers associated with
nanotechnology integration. Establishing standardized, universally accepted guidelines for evaluating nanomaterial toxicity and protocols for nano-waste disposal is urged to ensure responsible stewardship of this
transformative technology. In conclusion, the article summarizes global trends, persistent challenges, and
emerging regulatory strategies shaping nanotechnology in agriculture and food science. Sustained, in-depth
research is crucial to fully benefit from nanotechnology prospects for sustainable agriculture and food systems.
... Intestinal discomfort and severe diarrhea brought on by an overdose of emodin due to its laxative properties lead to an electrolyte imbalance and dehydration [179]. Generally, it is also known to have kidney toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity, especially at high doses and long-term use [180] The extremely low bioavailability of emodin further limits its use in therapeutic applications [179]. ...
... Impurities in AQ, such as 9-nitroanthracene, 1-hydroxyanthraquinone, and 2-hydroxyanthraquinone, can be harmful to human health. 2-methylanthraquinone (MAQ) has been reported as a safe additive with non-carcinogenic and anti-cancer or anti-tumor properties [14,15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. ...
The demand for high-purity cellulose, optimization of wood utilization, and environmentally friendly processes has increased in dissolving pulp (DP) production. Sago palm fronds (SPF), an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia, hold great potential as a raw material for cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin production. This study aimed to explore the production of from SPF by employing a combination of prehydrolysis, soda cooking with 2-methylanthraquinone (MAQ) as a green additive (PHS-MAQ), and totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching with peroxymonosulfuric acid (P sa ). Furthermore, lignin was recovered from the black liquor of PHS-MAQ. The results showed that prehydrolysis at 150 ºC for 3 h, followed by soda-MAQ cooking at 160 ºC for 1.5 h using 0.03% of MAQ, 23% active alkali (AA), and a five-stage bleaching with oxygen (O), P sa , alkaline extraction with hydrogen peroxide (E p ), P sa , and E p successfully produced high-purity cellulose as DP, with properties of 94.3% α-cellulose content, 89.9% ISO brightness (SNI ISO 2470–1:2016), 9.1 cP viscosity, and 0.13% ash content. Moreover, the soda-MAQ cooking method exhibited superior delignification compared to prehydrolysis kraft (PHK) and prehydrolysis soda (PHS) processes in a range of kappa numbers of 9.4–22.6 at 17–25% AA. The inclusion of MAQ increased pulp yields by 4.6–4.9% and decreased kappa number by 1.6–3.1 compared to the PHS without additives at similar AA. Lignin was separated from the PHS-MAQ, with yields of 69–77%. This work demonstrated the suitability of SPF processed by PHS-MAQ cooking and P sa bleaching for the preparation of viscose rayon and cellulose derivatives. The lignin recovery could be an attractive biorefinery process in modern pulp mills.
... In PM, emodin and its derivatives (emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, aloe-emodin), chrysophanol, physcion and its glucoside-driven (physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside), and rhein play an important role in cancer apoptosis [57]. Emodin was the most studied for cancer treatment among others, and it induced apoptosis in various cancer cell types and animal models via different pathways (Table 6) [6,60,61]. Anticancer mechanisms of action of emodin were proposed to be direct/indirect, targeting mitochondria to induce apoptosis, and regulating the signaling pathway to repress tumor migration, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis such as GF-β signaling [62][63][64]; Wnt/β-catenin and VEGFR2-AKT-ERK1/2 signaling [65,66], upregulating miR-34a (tumor-suppressing miR) expression, suppressing AKT, ERK1/2, SMAD2, and SMAD4, or upregulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathways [61,67]. Recently, several groups tried to incorporate emodin with nanoparticles to enhance anticancer activity [68,69]. ...
... Recently, several groups tried to incorporate emodin with nanoparticles to enhance anticancer activity [68,69]. Importantly, the versatile function of emodin in cancer treatment in vitro and in vivo has been summarized in different papers [60,62]. Some other derivatives of emodin also play an important role in anticancer, of which some of the derivatives were generated by modifying emodin structure [69], or added amino acid sequences to emodin [70], or isolating new emodin-related compounds such as β-DHA-emodin [71] and aloe-emodin [72]. ...
... Emodin could also make HL-60/ADR cells more sensitive to multiple drug resistance [24]. When combined with Azidothymidine, Emodin had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of the K562/ ADM cells [25], Additionally, emodin is capable of treating 5-FU-resistant breast cancer [26,27]. ...
