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Type 2 Diabetes represents a large burden on public health systems worldwide. The chronic metabolic condition is characterised by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance and is frequently associated with obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. There is a growing need for effective management techniques of these conditions that patients can utilise c...
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Context 1
... on the method used for the second fermentation, vinegar can be produced as quickly as within 24 hours or may be left for months to years to ferment [4]. Figure 1 shows the chemical equations for the 2-step fermentation process. The final product may be filtered and pasteurised prior to consumption. ...
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Objective:
The primary cause of memory loss is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have shown that natural compounds like apple cider vinegar (ACV) have anti-Alzheimer's capabilities. Essential components of ACV, such as gallic acid and chlorogenic acid, may be in charge of the drug's pharmacological effects.
Methods:
Using molecular dockin...
Citations
... Recently, apple cider vinegar has also gained increasing popularity, although its associations with improvements in metabolic parameters, 5 lipid profiles, and glycemic levels have been studied for an extended period [4] [9][10] [11] [12] [13]. Apple cider vinegar is a product obtained through a two-step fermentation process and contains acetic acid, usually at a concentration of 5-6%, polyphenols as well as a range of vitamins such as bioflavonoids, beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and vitamin C [14] [15]. This literature review aims to highlight the potential benefits of apple cider vinegar supplementation, discuss its key effects on insulin and glucose metabolism, and also emphasize the potential risks associated with such supplementation. ...
Introduction and purpose: The topic of apple cider vinegar supplementation and insulin resistance is becoming increasingly widespread, especially on the internet, which carries many potential risks. There is a need to understand both how apple cider vinegar reduces insulin resistance and improves metabolic parameters, as well as the potential risks of its use. Material and methods: Medical databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase were searched for scientific papers on the safety, benefits, mechanisms, and risks of apple cider vinegar in insulin resistance and related conditions. These were analyzed and summarized in a single review. State of knowledge: Apple cider vinegar supplementation contributes to a reduction ininsulin resistance, which is reflected in parameters such as decreased postprandial insulin secretion, lower levels of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), reduced fasting glucose, lower HbA1c levels, and supports weight loss, potentially improving insulin sensitivity. In most cases, no adverse effects or serious side effects were observed with doses of 15-30 ml per day. However, potential risks include delayed gastric emptying, exacerbation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastrointestinal disturbances, tooth erosion, although one study suggests that such supplementation may be associated with acute pancreatitis. Conclusions: More research is needed on supplementation, particularly regarding its duration. Another risk is the search for health information online without critically evaluating the content. Weight loss through a proper diet and exercise appears to be key for improving insulin sensitivity, but supplementation may help achieve results in certain patient groups.
... Apple cider vinegar, which is made through a two-step fermentation process, contains 5-6% 9 acetic acid. The phenolic compounds in ACV inhibit generation of ROS antioxidant and lower blood 10 glucose levels. Additionally, apple cider vinegar exhibits hepatoprotective properties due to phloretin, which plays a crucial role in non-enzymatic protection against oxidative stress-induced liver 11 damage. ...
Objective: Comparison between the antioxidant effects of extra virgin olive oil and apple cider vinegar in ratsinduced with diabetes mellitus type 2.Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.Place and Duration of Study: This Study was conducted in Postgraduate Medical Institute, Animal House,Lahore, Pakistan from May 2021 to June 2021.Methods: In this study, 40 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups i.e., Group I was NC (negativecontrol), Group II PC (positive control), Group III EVOO (Extra virgin olive oil) and Group IV (Apple cider vinegar),each group having 10 rats. Diabetes was induced in all rats except the rats of NC group at the start of the study by intraperitoneal administration of injection nicotinamide, followed by injection Streptozosin (STZ) after 15minutes. Group III was given 1ml/100gBW/ day EVOO and Group IV was given 2ml/kg BW/day diluted ACV withdistilled water in 1:5 orally for 4 weeks. Sampling was done after 4 weeks for determination of oxidative stressmarkers Malonaldehyde, Superoxide dismutase and Total antioxidant status in serum.Results: Intake of EVOO and ACV showed reduction in serum Malonaldehyde levels as compared to positivecontrol group with P-values 0.000 and 0.014 respectively. Serum superoxide dismutase activity and Totalantioxidant status were lowest in the positive control group while both the treatment groups showedsignificant enhancement in these parameters as compared to positive control group with P-value = 0.000.Conclusion: Both extra virgin olive oil and apple cider vinegar have antioxidant effects in type 2 diabetic rats.However, Extra virgin olive oil is more potent. How to cite this: Nazir R, Saeed M, Lodhi HN, Mustafa G, Naeem S, Chaudry ZR. Antioxidant Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Apple Cider Vinegar in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 559-564. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.780
... Hodge (2022) found that apple cider vinegar was a better attractant for Drosophilidae than was white vinegar. Apple cider vinegar contains phenolic compounds and organic acids not found in distilled white vinegar (Morgan & Mosawy 2016). Moreover, different vinegars are differentially attractive to Drosophilidae. ...
... Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is popular in Chinese food preparation for its distinct fruity tone which is balanced by its acidity and can be produced by fermenting apple juice containing different organic acids and compounds [7,8]. ACV so far has been proven for its effectiveness in antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic properties, neuroprotective, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. ...
... Hypertension is a risk factor for heart failure associated with decreased life expectancy, stroke, and heart attack [32]. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an effective bioactive in regulating blood pressure, and much research into it has been carried out in recent years [33][34][35]. Watermelon consumption can increase nitric oxide bioavailability, preventing atherosclerosis, arterial stiffening, and the development of hypertension [36]. ...
... Negative correlations were found among ACE with vannilin (−0.95). reported that most of the acetic acid bacteria isolated from eight vinegar sampl had higher ACE inhibitory activity than the 0.1% captopril-positive control (76.9%) [34 Similarly to the present study, Morgan et al. (2016) observed the protective effect of app cider vinegar on type II diabetes management [35]. The antidiabetic mechanism of ultr sound treatment in watermelon vinegar can be explained by the parallel in the amount bioactive components due to cavitation, as reported by Yıkmış et al. (2022) [53]. ...
... Negative correlations were found among ACE with vannilin (−0.95). reported that most of the acetic acid bacteria isolated from eight vinegar sampl had higher ACE inhibitory activity than the 0.1% captopril-positive control (76.9%) [34 Similarly to the present study, Morgan et al. (2016) observed the protective effect of app cider vinegar on type II diabetes management [35]. The antidiabetic mechanism of ultr sound treatment in watermelon vinegar can be explained by the parallel in the amount bioactive components due to cavitation, as reported by Yıkmış et al. (2022) [53]. ...
Watermelon vinegar is a traditional fermented product with antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties of watermelon vinegar treated through ultrasound using the RSM method. We also evaluated the antioxidant activity (CUPRAC and DPPH), bioactive content (total phenolics and total flavonoids), mineral composition, phenolic compounds, α-glucosidase inhibition %, ACE inhibition %, of optimized, and α-amylase inhibition % during 24 months of storage of optimized watermelon vinegar. Optimized antidiabetic and antihypertensive activity was achieved at 6.7 min and 69% amplitude. The optimization of gallic acid was the dominant phenolic in the optimized ultrasound-treated watermelon vinegar (UT-WV) and showed a significant decrease during the 24 months of storage. The lycopene content of the UT-WV concentrate was 8.36 mg/100 mL, 8.30 mg/100 mL, 7.66 mg/100 mL, and 7.35 mg/100 mL after 0, 6, 2, and 24 months of storage, respectively. The levels of ACE inhibitory activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and α-amylase inhibitory activity decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after 24 months of storage. K, with values of 201.03 ± 28.31, was the main mineral in the UT-WV. Therefore, the bioactive components and the antidiabetic and antihypertensive properties of the UT-WV produced by conventional fermentation were necessary. Therefore, further experimental studies are necessary for a better understanding of the possible and potential health effects of watermelon vinegar.
... Using alternative therapies, such as consumption of functional foods, is one way to control diabetes and its complications. The tendency of using natural supplements or foods to treat chronic diseases has increased significantly during the recent years (8). One of the oldest fermented food products is apple cider vinegar (9). ...
Background
Numerous medical costs are spent each year on treating and preventing the progression of diabetes. The positive effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) has been shown on post-prandial hyperglycemia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of prolonged consumption of ACV on blood glucose indices and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods
This study was a randomized clinical trial and the participants were adults with type 2 diabetes. Participants were divided into two groups: ACV and control. The ACV group was treated with 30 ml of ACV per day. Both the intervention and control groups received the same recommendation for a healthy diet. Before and after eight weeks, fasting blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1C, insulin resistance, total cholesterol (Chol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride were measured.
Results
Fasting blood glucose decreased after intervention in both groups, which was only significant in the ACV group (p = 0.01). There was a significant difference in hemoglobin A1C levels between the two groups (p < 0.001) after eight weeks. LDL was decreased in the ACV group (p < 0.001). Total Chol, LDL/HDL and Chol/HDL ratio decreased after the intervention period in the ACV group compared to the control group (p = 0.003, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion
Daily consumption of ACV may have beneficial effects in controlling blood glucose indices and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Clinical trial registration
http://www.irct.ir , identifier IRCT20140107016123N13.
... 6 Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is mostly made of malic acid, which has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial characteristics. 7 The mineral content of ACV combats free radicals that harm the immune system and may have a role in the periapical healing process. Researchers in the field of dentistry are continually testing it as a chelating agent. ...
Aim
The purpose of the study is to compare and evaluate the efficacy of different root canal irrigants—100, 75, 50, and 25% neem extract, 100, 75, 50, and 25% apple cider vinegar (ACV), a combination of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and saline on smear layer removal using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Materials and methods
A total of 80 freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were collected and divided into 10 groups—group I: normal saline (negative control), group II: NaOCl with EDTA (positive control), group III: 100% neem extract, group IV: 75% neem extract, group V: 50% neem extract, group VI: 25% neem extract, group VII: 100% ACV, group VIII: 75% ACV, group IX: 50% ACV, and group X: 25% ACV. The samples were irrigated with a specific group of irrigants, then split in a longitudinal axis and processed for analysis in an SEM. Microphotographs were obtained and scored according to Torabinejad et al.
Results
Microphotographs were assessed and showed that 100% neem extract was similar to NaOCl with EDTA, followed by 75% neem extract and 100% ACV.
Conclusion
This study showed that 100% neem extract removed the smear layer, similar to the NaOCl with EDTA.
How to cite this article
Sudhakar S, Gupta N, Ghambir N, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Intracanal Smear Layer Removal by Different Root Canal Irrigants: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):633–638.
... Rates of diabetes have increased more than 400% in the past 30 years, mostly as type 2 diabetes (T2D) (4). The near 15% prevalence rate of diabetes in the U.S. (5), as well as increased rates of diabetes in low-and middle-income countries throughout the world (6), has led to a determined search for dietary approaches that may reduce the burden of this disease (1,7,8). In particular, diets rich in fermented foods have been reported to be associated with reduced risk of T2D (9)(10)(11). ...
Introduction
Kombucha is a popular fermented tea that has attracted considerable attention due, in part, to its suggested health benefits. Previous results from animal models led us to hypothesize kombucha may reduce blood sugar levels in humans with diabetes. The objective of this pilot clinical study was to evaluate kombucha for its anti-hyperglycemic activities in adults with diabetes mellitus type II.
Methods
The study was organized as a prospective randomized double-blinded crossover study at a single-center urban hospital system. Participants (n = 12) were instructed to consume either a kombucha product or a placebo control (each 240 mL) for 4 weeks. After an 8-week washout period, participants consumed the alternate product. Fasting blood glucose levels were self-determined at baseline and at 1 and 4 weeks during each treatment period. Secondary health outcomes, including overall health, insulin requirement, gut health, skin health, mental health, and vulvovaginal health were measured by questionnaire at the same time points. The kombucha microbiota was assessed by selective culturing and 16S rRNA gene (bacteria) and ITS (fungi) sequencing. Fermentation end products were assessed by HPLC. Statistical significance of changes in fasting blood glucose was determined using paired, two-tailed student’s t-tests.
Results
Kombucha lowered average fasting blood glucose levels at 4 weeks compared to baseline (164 vs. 116 mg/dL, p = 0.035), whereas the placebo did not (162 vs. 141 mg/dL, p = 0.078). The kombucha microbiota, as assessed by cultural enumeration, was mainly comprised of lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, and yeast, with each group present at about 10⁶ colony forming units (CFU)/mL. Likewise, 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that lactic acid and acetic acid bacteria were the most abundant bacteria, and ITS sequencing showed Dekkera was the most abundant yeast. The primary fermentation end products were lactic and acetic acids, both less than 1%. Ethanol was present at 1.5%.
Discussion
Although this pilot study was limited by a small sample size, kombucha was associated with reduced blood glucose levels in humans with diabetes. Larger follow-up studies are warranted.
Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04107207.
... (10) One of the benefits of consuming apple cider vinegar is weight loss. (10)(11)(12) Apple cider vinegar contains organic acids, (13) flavonoids, (13,14) and vitamins. (15) The biggest content in apple cider vinegar is acid. ...
... (10) One of the benefits of consuming apple cider vinegar is weight loss. (10)(11)(12) Apple cider vinegar contains organic acids, (13) flavonoids, (13,14) and vitamins. (15) The biggest content in apple cider vinegar is acid. ...
... Acetate. The acetic acid in apple cider vinegar (6-9%) has the effect of losing weight (13) by increasing satiety. (16) The mechanism of acetic acid in increasing satiety, among others, is by slowing gastric emptying, (17) affecting palatability, (18) and increased proopiomelanocortin mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. ...
LATAR BELAKANG Obesitas telah menjadi masalah global dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Angka kejadian obesitas yang terus bertambah menyebabkan meningkatnya jumlah kematian akibat berbagai penyakit terkait obesitas. Farmakoterapi obesitas yang ada saat ini terbatas dan memiliki berbagai efek samping. Cuka apel merupakan salah satu jenis bahan alamiah yang digunakan oleh masyarakat umum untuk menurunkan berat badan. METODE Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan hewan coba. Sebayak 36 ekor tikus Spraque Dawley berusia 1-2 bulan diberikan diit tinggi lemak selama 5 minggu. Tikus dengan obesitas dibagi dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok P1 yang diberi cuka apel dosis 0,096ml/100g/kali dan kelompok P2 yang diberi cuka apel dosis 0,192ml/100g/kali, masing-masing 2 kali sehari. Perlakuan diberikan selama 4 minggu. Berat badan dan sisa makanan ditimbang selama perlakuan. Data berat badan akhir dianalisa dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan selisih berat badan dianalisa dengan uji one-way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc Turkey. HASIL Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna berat badan akhir antara 3 kelompok (p=0,55), namun terdapat perbedaan selisih berat badan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok P1 (p=0,001) dan kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok P2 (p=0,000). KESIMPULAN Pemberian cuka apel dengan dua dosis berbeda pada penelitian ini memberikan efek penurunan berat badan pada tikus dengan obesitas
... Consumption of "mother of vinegar" may be more beneficial than consumption without it. Acetic acid and chlorogenic acid have more promise for diabetes, lipid disorders, hypertension, and weight loss than the other components of ACV [35]. When random blood sugar and insulin values were measured after 2 hours of meal intake, vinegar was more effective in high glycaemic index meal (low-fat milk and mashed potato) than in low glycemic index meal (lowfat cheese, whole grain, lettuce, etc.) with the same composition of nutrients in iso-caloric meal [35]. ...
... Acetic acid and chlorogenic acid have more promise for diabetes, lipid disorders, hypertension, and weight loss than the other components of ACV [35]. When random blood sugar and insulin values were measured after 2 hours of meal intake, vinegar was more effective in high glycaemic index meal (low-fat milk and mashed potato) than in low glycemic index meal (lowfat cheese, whole grain, lettuce, etc.) with the same composition of nutrients in iso-caloric meal [35]. ...
... Attempting to reach normal blood levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides is a part of managing the condition. Atherosclerosis is strongly linked to dyslipidemia [35]. Impairment of insulin secretion, hepatic glucose overproduction and insulin resistance are the main causes of diabetes. ...
