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Chemical constituents of green tea leaves (% of dried leaf) (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).
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Cardiovascular complications are considered one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a type of cardiovascular damage presents in diabetic patients independent of the coexistence of ischemic heart disease or hypertension. It is characterized by impaired diastolic relaxation time,...
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Context 1
... properties of green tea [31]. The chemical constituents of green tea are quite complex and var- ied depending on the origin of the leaf, harvest season and manufac- turing procedures [32]. The predominant and medically relevant ac- tive components of green tea are the polyphenols, with flavonoids being the most bioactive compounds [28] (Fig. 1). The main flavonoid com- pounds in green tea are the catechins, which account for 80-90% of total flavonoids and approximately 40% of the water-soluble solids in green tea [28]. There are four main types of green tea catechins, (−)-epigallocate- chin-3-gallate (EGCG) which accounts for approximately 60% of green tea catechins content, ...
Context 2
... properties of green tea [31]. The chemical constituents of green tea are quite complex and varied depending on the origin of the leaf, harvest season and manu- facturing procedures [32]. The predominant and medically relevant active components of green tea are the polyphenols, with flavonoids being the most bioactive compounds [28] (Fig. 1). The main flavonoid compounds in green tea are the catechins, which account for 80-90% of total flavonoids and approximately 40% of the water-soluble solids in green tea ...
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Hyperglycemia activates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to induce inflammation in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the mechanisms of TLR4 activation remain unclear. Here we examine the role of myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2), a co-receptor of TLR4, in high glucose (HG)- and diabetes-induced inflammatory cardiomyopathy. We show increased MD2 in h...
Citations
... The hallmark of DCM is the left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction, progressing to overt heart failure accompanied by reduced systolic function in later phases [3]. The molecular mechanisms about the pathological changes in diabetic hearts includes many factors, including oxidative stress, enhanced advanced glycation end products (AGEs), mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cell death [4]. Epidemiological statistics shows that approximately one-quarter of diabetic patients worldwide have myocardial lesions and the cardiovascular disease accounts for 50% of deaths, imposing a tremendous burden on society and family economics [5]. ...
Background
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is closely related to the progress of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and the response of treatment of DCM to anti-diabetic drugs. Dapagliflozin (Dapa) has been proven to have cardio-protective efficacy for diabetes and listed as the first-line drug to treat heart failure. But the regulatory relationship between ECM stiffness and treatment efficacy of Dapa remains elusive.
Materials and methods
This work investigated the effect of ECM stiffness on DCM progression and Dapa efficacy using both in vivo DCM rat model and in vitro myocardial cell model with high glucose injury. First, through DCM rat models with various levels of myocardial injury and administration with Dapa treatment for four weeks, the levels of myocardial injury, myocardial oxidative stress, expressions of AT1R (a mechanical signal protein) and the stiffness of myocardial tissues were obtained. Then for mimicking the stiffness of myocardial tissues at early and late stages of DCM, we constructed cell models through culturing H9c2 myocardial cells on the polyacrylamide gels with two stiffness and exposed to a high glucose level and without/with Dapa intervention. The cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and expressions of mechanical signal sensitive proteins were obtained.
Results
The DCM progression is accompanied by the increased myocardial tissue stiffness, which can synergistically exacerbate myocardial cell injury with high glucose. Dapa can improve the ECM stiffness-induced DCM progression and its efficacy on DCM is more pronounced on the soft ECM, which is related to the regulation pathway of AT1R-FAK-NOX2. Besides, Dapa can inhibit the expression of the ECM-induced integrin β1, but without significant impact on piezo 1.
Conclusions
Our study found the regulation and effect of biomechanics in the DCM progression and on the Dapa efficacy on DCM, providing the new insights for the DCM treatment. Additionally, our work showed the better clinical prognosis of DCM under early Dapa intervention.
... Dapagliflozin exerted its antioxidant properties by reducing oxidative stress and boosting cardiomyocytes' antioxidant potential [50]. There is minimal evidence of SGLT2 expression, while the cardiomyocytes express the SGLT1 isoform [29]. Therefore, dapagliflozin's antioxidant effect was attributed by Xing and colleagues using in vitro experiments, to its direct inhibition of ROS production [81]. ...
Hyperthyroidism-induced cardiac disease is an evolving health, economic, and social problem affecting well-being. Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I) have been proven to be cardio-protective when administered in cases of heart failure. This study intended to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of SGLT2-I on hyperthyroidism-related cardiopulmonary injury, targeting the possible underlying mechanisms. The impact of the SGLT2-I, dapagliflozin (DAPA), (1 mg/kg/day, p.o) on LT4 (0.3 mg/kg/day, i.p)-induced cardiopulmonary injury was investigated in rats. The body weight, ECG, and serum hormones were evaluated. Also, redox balance, DNA fragmentation, inflammatory cytokines, and PCR quantification in heart and lung tissues were employed to investigate the effect of DAPA in experimentally induced hyperthyroid rats along with histological and immunohistochemical examination. Coadministration of DAPA with LT4 effectively restored all serum biomarkers to nearly average levels, improved ECG findings, and reinstated the redox balance. Also, DAPA could improve DNA fragmentation, elevate mtTFA, and lessen TNF-α and IGF-1 gene expression in both organs of treated animals. Furthermore, DAPA markedly improved the necro-inflammatory and fibrotic cardiopulmonary histological alterations and reduced the tissue immunohistochemical expression of TNF-α and caspase-3. Although further clinical and deep molecular studies are required before transposing to humans, our study emphasized DAPA’s potential to relieve hyperthyroidism-induced cardiopulmonary injury in rats through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, as well as via antagonizing the sympathetic over activity.
... These findings demonstrated that EGCG action resemble insulin action by upregulating the tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and downregulating the expression of the gene encoding the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (33). Also, it was shown that EGCG decreased plasma glucose levels in diabetes via inhibiting of salivary α-amylase (34) preventing α-glucosidase activity that inhibit starch's hydrolysis (35)(36)(37). Additionally, EGCG has the ability to reduce the inhibition of the insulin signaling pathway brought on by TNF-α (38). ...
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by chronic high
blood sugar levels due to impaired insulin secretion or action. Existing diabetic medications
have limitations, including high costs and the risk of hypoglycemia. Aim: To overcome these
challenges, researchers are exploring advanced treatments, and one potential path is studying
plants and natural sources. Many plants include green tea (Camellia sinensis), rich in catechin
derivatives, particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have shown promising effect
because this agent may enhance beta cell proliferation, so it can produce dramatic response in
management of diabetes mellitus and it is expected to reduce complication of this disease.
Thorough data searching from September 2021 to June 2023 was used to conduct this study.
The key terms diabetes mellitus, herbal treatment of diabetes, DYRK1A inhibitor,
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and beta cell proliferation were concomitantly searched in Google
Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed in order to find relevant material. The publications that
are presented here were published between 2014 and 2023. Conclusion: Collectively EGCG
properties as a DYRK1A inhibitor may enhance β cell proliferation that is promising effects in
diabetes mellitus treatment
... Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and the emergence of diabetic complications [39] [40].People with diabetes have higher glucose availability, which raises cellular activity and metabolism and increases ROS production [41]. ...
... Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and the emergence of diabetic complications [39] [40].People with diabetes have higher glucose availability, which raises cellular activity and metabolism and increases ROS production [41]. ...
Increased oxidative stress is a well-established negative factor leading to insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and finally leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications The study aimed to investigate some oxidative biomarkers, lipid profiles, and their association with hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetics and compared the result with healthy control group. The present study conducted a case control study on 180 participants (87 females and 93 males) between the ages of 30 and 70 years, from the first of July 2023 until the end of September 2023. The participants were divided into three groups that included 60 patients with type 2 diabetes, 60 patients with pre-diabetes, and 60 healthy cases as a control group. The objective of this research was to measure the levels of, serum fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, oxidative biomarkers, insulin, HOMAIR, serum lipid profiles were evaluated, and estimate the impact of age and BMI on the results. The results showed that the level of lipid peroxidase (LPO), fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, HOMAIR and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetics groups are significantly increase than those in the control groups, while SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPX (glutathione peroxidase) and HDL, significantly lower in diabetic and pre-diabetics than those in the control groups. In conclusion, T2DM and pre-diabetics are conditions with increased oxidative stress, and the condition necessitates the consumption of antioxidants to combat oxidants, resulting in decreased total antioxidant status and increased lipid peroxidase.
... These findings demonstrated that EGCG action resemble insulin action by upregulating the tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and downregulating the expression of the gene encoding the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (33). Also, it was shown that EGCG decreased plasma glucose levels in diabetes via inhibiting of salivary α-amylase (34) preventing α-glucosidase activity that inhibit starch's hydrolysis (35)(36)(37). Additionally, EGCG has the ability to reduce the inhibition of the insulin signaling pathway brought on by TNF-α (38). ...
... The K3 group found degeneration with moderate damage compared to the K4 group, which had mild degeneration. According to Hroob et al (2019), there are changes in the structure and function of the myocardium that occur as a result of hyperglycemia that can cause cardiac cell dysfunction in humans and animals. 15 Hyperglycemia will induce the formation of ROS and AGEs. ...
... According to Hroob et al (2019), there are changes in the structure and function of the myocardium that occur as a result of hyperglycemia that can cause cardiac cell dysfunction in humans and animals. 15 Hyperglycemia will induce the formation of ROS and AGEs. AGEs are formed when glucose produces stable covalent protein modifications. ...
Background: DM is metabolic disease can prolong wound healing phase and cause oxidative stress that can affect cardiac damage such as degeneration, hypertrophy, and necrosis. They can be inhibited by the effect of 16 ml/kg BW CM containing palmitic acid (18.30%), albumin (3.6147g/dl), and amino acids are leucine (1.58%) and valine (0.97%). It's proven to accelerate wound healing in normal Wistar rats and DM. However, CM extract on the cardiac is unknown, so an acute toxicity test was carried out for 14 days. Purpose: To analyze the effect of oral administration of CM extract at an effective dose of 16 ml/kg BW on the histopathological exam of degeneration, hypertrophy, and cardiac necrosis of normal Wistar rats and diabetic models. Method: This study is true experimental study with a post-test only control group design which is divided into 4 groups are 2 groups of Wistar rats normal and diabetic models who were given CM extract at an effective dose of 16 ml/kg BW, 2 groups consisted of normal Wistar rats and diabetic models which were only given BR2 feed. Results: T-Independent test and the Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference between degeneration and hypertrophy (p<0.05) and necrosis. There was no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: The effective dose of CM extract 16 ml/kg BW had an effect on the cardiac of normal Wistar rats and diabetic models in the form of a decrease in the level of damage to degeneration, hypertrophy, and cardiac necrosis. Keywords: Cardiac, Channa micropeltes, Degeneration, Hypertrophy, Necrosis.Background: DM is metabolic disease can prolong wound healing phase and cause oxidative stress that can affect cardiac damage such as degeneration, hypertrophy, and necrosis. They can be inhibited by the effect of 16 ml/kg BW CM containing palmitic acid (18.30%), albumin (3.6147g/dl), and amino acids are leucine (1.58%) and valine (0.97%). It's proven to accelerate wound healing in normal Wistar rats and DM. However, CM extract on the cardiac is unknown, so an acute toxicity test was carried out for 14 days. Purpose: To analyze the effect of oral administration of CM extract at an effective dose of 16 ml/kg BW on the histopathological exam of degeneration, hypertrophy, and cardiac necrosis of normal Wistar rats and diabetic models. Method: This study is true experimental study with a post-test only control group design which is divided into 4 groups are 2 groups of Wistar rats normal and diabetic models who were given CM extract at an effective dose of 16 ml/kg BW, 2 groups consisted of normal Wistar rats and diabetic models which were only given BR2 feed. Results: T-Independent test and the Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference between degeneration and hypertrophy (p<0.05) and necrosis. There was no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: The effective dose of CM extract 16 ml/kg BW had an effect on the cardiac of normal Wistar rats and diabetic models in the form of a decrease in the level of damage to degeneration, hypertrophy, and cardiac necrosis. Keywords: Cardiac, Channa micropeltes, Degeneration, Hypertrophy, Necrosis.
... Not only do teabags avoid the use of local litter but they also avoid bias following the use of plant species with different traits driving decomposition responses (Cornwell et al., 2008). Different lignin (Pengilly et al., 2008;Al Hroob et al., 2019) and nitrogen content (see Keuskamp et al., 2013 for details) in green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis Burm.f.) underlies the quality of litter, i.e. its resistance to microbial degradation. Each teabag employed in our study contained ca. 2 g of tea enclosed in non-woven, 0.2 mm-mesh material. ...
... However, it is widely acknowledged that the relationship between the degradation patterns of natural leaf litter and those of green tea is not straightforward (Didion et al., 2016). In fact, although a similarity might be expected, these two matrices not only have different lignin content (Brinkmann et al., 2002;Al Hroob et al., 2019) but also exhibit different C:N ratios (Keuskamp et al., 2013;Didion et al., 2016). Despite this, Didion et al. (2016) found that decomposition dynamics of beech leaf litter in an upland ecosystem (Northern Limestone Alps) were very similar to high-quality standard litter, as were those of Pinus nigra leaf litter and low-quality standard litter. ...
The release of biochar (BC) on forest soil is a strategy aimed at increasing carbon reserves and forest productivity. The effect of BC amendments on the decomposition of different quality litter is, however, poorly understood. With this study we investigate the effects of wood-derived BC applications on early decomposition in a European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest through the burial of standard material, i.e. green tea and rooibos tea (high- and low-quality litter surrogates, respectively). Two main questions were addressed: 1) Do BC applications influence the decomposition of high- and low-quality standard litter and, if so, in what way? and 2) Does this effect (if measurable) depend on where the sample is placed with respect to the BC application layer? To test BC amendment effects, four application percentages were employed (0, 10, 20, and 100 %), after which standard litter mass loss was recorded. To investigate the effects of sample position, only three BC application percentages were used (0, 10 and 20 %), with teabags buried at three different depths - within the BC amended layer, between this layer and the unamended soil, and below the latter. Results show that early decomposition of high-quality standard litter was not influenced by BC applications, while a significant reduction in mass loss of low-quality standard litter was observed when the percentage of BC application was higher, specifically of litter within the 20 % and 100 % BC amended layers. Decomposition was also affected by sample position relative to the BC layer, exhibiting higher levels of mass loss when samples were placed within the BC amended layer. Overall, BC applications on beech forest soils not only seems to produce negligible effects on the early decomposition rate of high-quality standard litter, but such applications also seem to have the ability to reduce carbon loss following plant material degradation.
... Increased AGE is one of the most important consequences of hyperglycemiainduced cellular injury. The presence of AGEs in the diabetic heart contributes to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased myocardial stiffness via activation of AGE receptors (RAGE) 7 . ...
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder. About two-thirds of diabetic patients develop diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which becomes a challenging issue as it severely threatens the patient’s life. Hyperglycemia and the resulting advanced glycated end products (AGE) and their receptor (RAGE)/High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB-1) molecular pathway are thought to be key players. Recently, artemisinin (ART) has gained more attention owing to its potent biological activities beyond its antimalarial effect. Herein, we aim to evaluate the effect of ART on DCM and the possible underlying mechanisms. Twenty-four male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into: control, ART, type 2 diabetic and type 2 diabetic treated with ART groups. At the end of the research, the ECG was recorded, then the heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) ratio, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and HOMA-IR were evaluated. Cardiac biomarkers (CK-MB and LDH), oxidative stress markers, IL-1β, AGE, RAGE and HMGB-1 expression were also measured. The heart specimens were stained for H&E as well as Masson’s trichrome. DCM induced disturbances in all studied parameters; contrary to this, ART improved these insults. Our study concluded that ART could improve DCM through modulation of the AGE-RAGE/HMGB-1 signaling pathway, with subsequent impacts on oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. ART could therefore be a promising therapy for the management of DCM.
... DCM, the most common illness caused by diabetes comorbidities is distinguished by abnormal myocardial structure and activity. It is distinguished by increased free radical production, lipid peroxides, increased lipid deposition, energy deficiency, mitochondrial abnormality, advanced glycation end-product (AGEs), stimulation of protein kinase C homologs, asymmetry in ATP/O2 consumption ratio, and initiation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor sites [7]. Cardiovascular illnesses, particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), contribute to 70% of diabetic fatalities. ...
Background: The existence of aberrant myocardial activity and function in the exclusion of those other cardiovascular events, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and severe valve disease, is known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes patients are much more prone to death from cardiovascular illnesses than from any other cause, and they also have a 2-5 fold higher likelihood of acquiring cardiac failure and other complications. Objective: In this review, the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy is discussed, with an emphasis on the molecular and cellular irregularities that arise as the condition progresses, as well as existing and prospective future treatments. Result: The abnormal cardiac remodelling, marked by left ventricular concentric thickening and interstitial fibrosis contributing to diastolic impairment, is mediated by hyperglycemia, and insulin sensitivity. The pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy has been linked to altered biochemical parameters, decreased calcium regulation and energy production, enhanced oxidative damage and inflammation, and a build-up of advanced glycation end products. Conclusion: Antihyperglycemic medications are essential for managing diabetes because they successfully lower microvascular problems. GLP-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotrans-porter 2 inhibitors have now been proven to benefit heart health by having a direct impact on the cardiomyocyte. To cure and avoid diabetic cardiomyopathy new medicines are being researched, including miRNA and stem cell therapies.
