Table 1 - uploaded by Chimere Ukegbu
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
An alternative fuel to petrodiesel must be technically feasible, economically competitive, environmentally-friendly, and easily available. This research are to extract oil from coconut copra (dry flesh), carry-out a physicochemical characterization of the coconut oil, trans-esterify the coconut oil with ethanol, carry-out a physicochemical characte...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... copra which is mainly used for oil extraction contains about 65 to 75% oil ( Mandal and Mandal, 2011). The different fatty acids present in coconut oil (Table 1) range from C6 to C18 (Russell and Williams, 1995) and approximately 50% of the fatty acid is lauric acid ( Mandal and Mandal, 2011). Jokull Journal Source: ( Mandal and Mandal, 2011). ...
Similar publications
Pitaya seed oil, extracted from red pitaya seeds, was utilized as a major antioxidant source in soap formulation for skin application. Bentonite (grey clay powder) with various beneficial properties also was incorporated in the formulation to enhance the positive effect toward skin's structure. The influence of the main compositions of soap formula...
Plant dietary lipids remain one of the most intriguing and complex classes of biological molecules. Among them, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) have garnered recognition for their unique physico-chemical properties and potential health benefits. Despite their classification as saturated fats, they stand apart from other saturated fatty acids due...
Injectable ibuprofen has been formulated as nanoemulsion, prodrug microemulsion, and freeze-dried. However, its application is limited because of solubility, high dosing, and complex formulation. Microemulsion ibuprofen injection is an alternative dosage form that increases solubility and bioavailability. The study aimed to formulate an ibuprofen m...
Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) merupakan salah satu produk olahan kelapa yang dapat diolah salah satunya dengan menggunakan metode fermentasi. Metode fermentasi merupakan alternatif proses pembuatan VCO dengan penambahan yeast untuk proses pemecahan emulsi santan atau krim hingga menghasilkan VCO. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan efek w...
This paper presents the results of AC electrical breakdown properties of coconut oil with and without Tertiary Butyl Hydroquinone (TBHQ) antioxidant. Ageing test of transformer oil was conducted according to the standard of IEC-61125 B at 120 oC for 72 h with the presence of copper as a catalyst. Experimental results showed that AC breakdown voltag...
Citations
... Composition of different coconut parts before and after being applied with different kinds of processing treatments. Data presented on an as-fed basis adapted from previous studies[7,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. ...
The price of traditional sources of nutrients used in animal feed rations is increasing steeply in developed countries due to their scarcity, high demand from humans for the same food items, and expensive costs of raw materials. Thus, one of the alternative sources is coconut parts or coconut as a whole fruit. Coconut is known as the ‘tree of abundance’, ‘tree of heaven’, and ‘tree of life’ owing to its numerous uses, becoming a very important tree in tropical areas for its provision of food, employment, and business opportunities to millions of people. Coconut contains a rich profile of macro and micronutrients that vary depending on the parts and how they are used. It is frequently chosen as an alternative source of protein and fiber. Its uses as an antibacterial agent, immunomodulant, and antioxidant further increase its importance. Using coconut oil in ruminant feed helps to minimize methane gas emissions by 18–30%, and to reduce dry matter intake up to 4.2 kg/d. The aquaculture sectors also use coconut palm as an alternative source because it significantly improves the digestion, growth, lipid metabolism, health, and antioxidative responses. However, coconut is not widely used in poultry diets although it has adequate amount of protein and carbohydrate due to anti-nutritional factors such cellulose (13%), galactomannan (61%), and mannan (26%). This review considered the importance and potential of coconut usage as an alternative ingredient in feed and supplements in various livestock sectors as it has plentiful nutrients and functional qualities, simultaneously leading to reduced feed cost and enhanced production.
... Long-chain soluble saturated fats are naturally occurring PCMs, derived mainly from sustainable plant and animal products such as coconut, tallow, soybean oils, and palm kernel [7,26,27]. A dodecanoic acid existence-cycle evaluation analysis (aka lauric acid, [CH 3 (CH 2 ) 10 COOH]) [28,29] has demonstrated that the stored energy involved with its palm kernel oil production can be recovered in a relatively short period. ...
... A dodecanoic acid existence-cycle evaluation analysis (aka lauric acid, [CH 3 (CH 2 ) 10 COOH]) [28,29] has demonstrated that the stored energy involved with its palm kernel oil production can be recovered in a relatively short period. Due to the high content of saturated fat, up to ninety-two percent [26][27][28][29][30][31], edible coconut oil is another possibility. ...
As the energy demand is increasing and conventional energy sources are declining, renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly popular. It is very important to store this energy efficiently. The use of phase change materials (PCMs) as latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) technology has utmost importance to researchers due to its high storage density and stable thermal characteristics. During charging and discharging of PCM, correspondingly occurring phase change processes (i.e. melting and solidification/ freezing) have been the crux of discussions in most of the subject-related articles in the recent literature. The objectives of those articles are to analyse and understand the phase change properties of PCM in its natural form, with nano-additives, and with or without metal foams. This manuscript provides a detailed review of energy storage, heat transfer, and melting process characteristics of coconut oil, which is an organic phase change material in its nature. Melting features like the progression of solid–liquid interface, time to complete the melting process, rate of melting, and augmentation in the rate of heat transfer owing to a colloidal suspension of nano-material inside PCM are reviewed and presented.
... The stored heat can be recovered later to warm the space when the temperature decreases below the solidification transition. Long-chain saturated fatty acids are naturally occurring PCMs, mainly extracted from renewable plant and animal sources such as tallow, coconut, palm kernel, and soybean oils [14][15][16]. A life-cycle assessment study of dodecanoic acid (aka lauric acid, [CH 3 (CH 2 ) 10 COOH]) has shown [17] that the embodied energy associated with its production from palm kernel oil can be recouped in a matter of months. ...
Edible oils could provide more accessible alternatives to other phase change materials (PCMs) for consumers who wish to build a thermal energy storage (TES) system with sustainable materials. Edible oils have good shelf life, can be acquired easily from local stores and can be less expensive than other PCMs. In this work, we explore whether margarine, vegetable shortening, and coconut oil are feasible PCMs, by investigations of their thermal properties and thermal stability. We found that margarine and vegetable shortening are not useful for TES due to their low latent heat of fusion, ΔfusH, and poor thermal stability. In contrast, coconut oil remained thermally stable after 200 melt-freeze cycles, and has a large ΔfusH of 105 ± 11 J g−1, a low degree of supercooling and a transition temperature, Tmpt = 24.5 ± 1.5 °C, that makes it very useful for TES in buildings. We also determined coconut oil’s heat capacity and thermal conductivity as functions of temperature and used the measured properties to evaluate the feasibility of coconut oil for thermal buffering and passive heating of a residential-scale greenhouse.
The biodiesel production process is extensively studied in the literature, focusing on mechanisms, modeling, and economic aspects, yet plant design and fluid flow losses remain underexplored areas. The study addressed this gap by designing a biodiesel production plant, analyzing flow losses, and developing a pipe network and suitable pump models. In this study, an integration of biodiesel production plant design and simulation of continuous production of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel was investigated. Biodiesel production encompasses complex stages that involve systematic planning and system design. The goal of the plant design is to reduce the losses that occur during the conversion process, which can reduce the capital cost of the plant. A few assumptions were made when selecting biodiesel plant materials, such as pipes, pumps, fittings, and bends. These assumptions were based on considerations of the biodiesel fluid properties and pressure requirements. On the other hand, Aspen Plus was used to simulate the biodiesel production process. Calophyllum inophyllum was considered oil as the biodiesel feedstock and was inputted to the Aspen Plus as triglyceride composition. The simulation was carried out with rigorous kinetic reactions using the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) method to predict the liquid equilibrium in the reactor. Results revealed that the designed steel pipe meets safety requirements with a bursting pressure of 49.68MPa, capable of withstanding the maximum pressure of 4 bar and turbulent flow conditions. Additionally, the selected pump satisfies the required head and flow rate, ensuring efficient fluid movement. Moreover, simulation results closely matched experimental data, and 88% of biodiesel yield was recorded.
Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are always been an integral part of a million-dollar global manufacturing industry. With a paradigm shift towards ecological sustainability and fossil-fuel preservation, commercial-grade petroleum-derived mineral oils are eventually substituted by environment-friendly bio-lubricants. However, these bio-lubricants fall short in terms of machining performance and are yet to be majorly explored and commercialized. In this regard, the present research focuses on the development and systematic assessment of vegetable-extracted edible oil-based Nanofluids as a potential replacement for the existing MWFs. Initially, the developed nano-MWFs are evaluated for physio-thermal, tribological, and mist flow characteristics. Later, the machining performance of the developed bio-lubricants is evaluated to understand whether the manufacturing requirements of a difficult-to-machine material are met in a MQL-based turning process. A comparative assessment of cutting temperature, surface quality, chips formation and tool wear is accomplished under different cutting environments during the MQL turning of a hard-to-machine Nimonic alloy. Finally, a machine learning-based prediction model has been proposed to identify the best among the developed nano-MWFs. This model integrates the experimental results of both characteristic properties and the machining responses. This work is the first of its kind with an extensive number of nano-MWF combinations being tested to study their effectiveness in countering the boundary conditions of high temperatures, friction and pressure at the chip-tool interface in MQL machining of a hard-to-machine metal. The proposed methodology helps researchers and industries to arrive at a conclusion on the best suitable nano-bio-lubricant for any given input setting.
Almost all part of coconut fruit has been industrially utilized. Coconut coir activated carbon and cooking oil are just a few examples. The health benefits of coconut oil are discussed in this chapter. Coconut oil contains some fatty acids such as lauric acid and antioxidants, which have biological activity on health. The extraction process is categorized as wet and dry extraction. Dry extraction produces refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) coconut oil, while wet extraction produces virgin coconut oil (VCO). Community coconut plantations are characterized by low productivity and underdeveloped plantation management. The production problem faced by the small coconut oil industry is the fluctuating price of raw coconut meat. Coconut farmers tend to sell copra to meet the demands of large companies. Coconut economic development can be achieved through increased productivity and high-value derivative products such as health and energy products.