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The paper presents the most comprehensive and large-scale global study to date on how higher education students perceived the use of ChatGPT in early 2024. With a sample of 23,218 students from 109 countries and territories, the study reveals that students primarily used ChatGPT for brainstorming, summarizing texts, and finding research articles, w...
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... Likewise, to eliminate the possible biases in evaluating the emotional tone of the news about DSs, it would be advisable in the future research to take advantage of the advances in the field of artificial intelligence and sensory evaluation techniques. In this sense, the use of new techniques such as the Natural Language Process (NLP), which would allow key information to be extracted from texts and detect emotions or feelings in comments, opinions, or social networks, or AI-driven sentiment analysis, would strengthen the evidence obtained [51,52]. ...
Background/Objectives: The influence of media on the public opinion, especially regarding health topics, is profound. This study investigates how Spanish media may reinforce a positive image of dietary supplements for children, potentially leading to harmful health attitudes and behaviors. Methods: The researchers conducted a quantitative content analysis of 912 news articles from Spanish media outlets discussing dietary supplements for children between 2015 and 2021. They used a frequency analysis and a proportion comparison to analyze variables such as the reach of news, tone of news, mentions of health professional consultation, association with natural products, media specialization, intertextuality, and headline mentions. Results: The study found a 60% increase in publications discussing dietary supplements for children during the study period. The content analysis indicates that these articles predominantly present dietary supplements in a positive light, often without robust scientific evidence. Furthermore, many do not emphasize the need for medical consultation, which may contribute to unsupervised consumption, particularly among minors. This highlights the critical importance of professional guidance when considering dietary supplements for children. Additionally, the frequent emphasis on the “natural” attributes of these products raises concerns regarding consumer perceptions and potential safety risks. Conclusions: The study reveals a problem regarding the portrayal of dietary supplements for children in Spanish media. The overly optimistic image, lack of scientific basis, and failure to recommend medical supervision may contribute to unsupervised consumption among minors, risking their health due to misinformed decisions influenced by media portrayal.
... Future research could explore the use of innovative approaches, such as artificial intelligence, to further refine risk stratification models and improve predictive accuracy in identifying patients at high risk for ENI. AI-based tools could potentially enhance productivity in clinical decision-making and facilitate more personalized and precise nutritional interventions in patients with AP [56]. ...
Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) leads to severe inflammation and nutritional deficits, with 80% of severe cases experiencing critical protein loss. Timely enteral nutrition is essential for recovery. This study systematically reviews and analyzes the incidence and predictors of enteral nutrition intolerance (ENI) in AP patients. Methods: Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were searched up to May 2024. Studies reporting on ENI incidence and predictors in AP patients were included based on predefined criteria. Bias was assessed using standardized tools, and meta-analyses provided summary estimates with confidence intervals. Results: From the 2697 screened studies, 28 involving 4853 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled incidence of ENI was 26%. Significant predictors included comorbid diabetes, pancreatic necrosis, elevated pre-refeeding serum lipase levels, peri-pancreatic fluid collections, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome at admission. Higher ENI rates were observed in Europe, among patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), those receiving nasoenteric feeding, and in prospective study cohorts. Conclusions: ENI affects approximately one-quarter of AP patients and is not significantly associated with age, sex, or the cause of AP. Its incidence varies by region, disease severity, feeding method and study design. Identifying predictors, such as comorbid diabetes and pancreatic necrosis, may help clinicians reduce the risk of ENI. The limitations of this study include the heterogeneity of the included studies and inconsistent ENI diagnostic criteria.
... The surge in AI utilization within academic settings has captured the attention of researchers globally, prompting investigations into its application in education. Existing studies have predominantly examined the potential threats posed by AI-powered tools to academic integrity [22,23,35] or focused on identifying the determinants influencing AI use in education. However, a noteworthy gap exists in the scarcity of studies examining predictors related to the intention and use of AI in academic writing. ...
This research explores postgraduate students' attitudes and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in academic writing, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Guided by the mixed method approach, quantitative and qualitative measures like questionnaires and interviews were adopted to gather data from postgraduate students. Descriptive statistical tools like frequencies, means and SD were used to analyze responses from 339 postgraduate students, focusing on the perceived usefulness and actual usage of AI tools in their writing endeavors. The findings, presented through means and standard deviations, indicate an overall positive attitude towards AI tools. The students perceive AI as beneficial for improving grammar, preventing plagiarism, generating ideas, and enhancing overall writing proficiency. However, a lack of consensus is evident, with varied responses and inflated standard deviations suggesting differing opinions among respondents. Subjective norms play a crucial role in influencing students' decisions to use AI tools. Friends, colleagues, and lecturers significantly influence their perception and adoption of AI tools in academic writing. Although cautioned about excessive reliance, the influence of positive testimonials contributes to the widespread adoption of AI tools among postgraduate students. In terms of actual usage, the study reveals that postgraduate students frequently employ AI tools, primarily for idea development, spelling checks, paraphrasing, coherence, and searching for relevant literature. While some students appreciate the convenience and time-saving aspects of AI, others express concerns about potential detrimental effects on critical thinking and creativity. In conclusion, the research underscores the varied attitudes and usage patterns of postgraduate students regarding AI tools in academic writing. While many acknowledge the benefits, caution is advised to prevent overdependence and preserve critical thinking skills. The findings contribute valuable insights for educators and institutions seeking to integrate AI tools effectively into postgraduate education.
... A Digital Education Council survey across 16 countries found that 86% of university students use AI in their studies, with 78% doing so at least weekly (Zaidy, 2024). Similarly, a survey spanning 109 countries reported that brainstorming new ideas is the most common use of generative AI among students (Ravšelj et al., 2025). The growing integration of artificial intelligence into problem-solving increases the necessity of efficient hybrid human-AI collaboration (Rafner et al., 2021). ...
Background: The development of generative AI systems like ChatGPT has provoked debates about their effective use in educational settings.
Aims: The present study explores how university students prompt ChatGPT to solve complex non-routine problems, specifically examining which prompts are associated with higher or lower problem-solving performance.
Sample: Seventy-seven university students (53 women; Mage = 22.4 years) participated in the study.
Methods: To identify various prompt types employed by students, the study utilized qualitative analysis of interactions with ChatGPT 3.5 during the resolution of the creative problem-solving task. Participants’ performance was measured by the quality, elaboration, and originality of their ideas. Subsequently, two-step clustering was employed to identify groups of low- and high-performing students. Finally, process mining techniques (heuristics miner) were used to analyze the interactions of low- and high-performing students.
Results: The findings suggest that including clear evaluation criteria when prompting ChatGPT to generate ideas (rs = .38), providing ChatGPT with an elaborated context for idea generation (rs = .47), and offering specific feedback (rs = .45), enhances the quality, elaboration, and originality of the solutions. Successful problem-solving involves iterative human-AI regulation, with high performers using an overall larger number of prompts (d = 0.82). High performers interacted with ChatGPT through dialogue, where they monitored and regulated the generation of ideas, while low performers used ChatGPT as an information resource.
Conclusions: These results emphasize the importance of active and iterative engagement for creative problem-solving and suggest that educational practices should foster metacognitive monitoring and regulation to maximize the benefits of human-AI collaboration.
