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Background: The aim of the present work is the elaboration of a systematic review of existing research on physical fitness, self-efficacy for physical exercise, and quality of life in adulthood. Method: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines, and based on the findings in 493 articl...
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... all the articles that were selected for this systematic review. Of the 37 articles reviewed focused on clarifying the relationship between fitness parameters and exercise self-efficacy, 32 articles were focused on populations with some type of pathology [6,. Five articles focused on the pathology-free middle-aged population [62][63][64][65][66] . The results obtained from the articles included in this review are shown in the Table 2 section ...Context 2
... all the articles that were selected for this systematic review. Of the 37 articles reviewed focused on clarifying the relationship between fitness parameters and exercise self-efficacy, 32 articles were focused on populations with some type of pathology [6,. Five articles focused on the pathology-free middle-aged population [62][63][64][65][66] . The results obtained from the articles included in this review are shown in the Table 2 section ...Similar publications
Although guidelines are established for performing the six-minute walking test (6MWT), it is not always possible to implement this test in any setting, due to physical and space limitations. Yet, variations in the conditions of the test could be responsible for heterogeneous outcomes. However, the impact of the condition of the 6MWT is not clearly...
Citations
... We argue that part of the benefit of an RT program may be that it helps participants gain psychological congruence between self-efficacy and affective states (i.e., pleasure/displeasure, activation). Many past studies have assessed the relationship between self-efficacy and exercise-related outcomes [47], but less have reported on the changes in the relationship between self-efficacy and affective states pre-to post-program. Taken together, our finding of the strong correlation of self-efficacy to pleasure/displeasure and activation post-program extends the current literature by highlighting a potentially positive affective relationship in primarily White and relatively affluent recreationally active adults that participate in a barbell-based RT program. ...
Background: Despite the well-established physical benefits of resistance training (RT), only 31% of U.S. adults meet RT guidelines, with women participating at lower rates. While the physiological aspects of RT are well researched, less is known about the psychological factors, such as affective responses (e.g., enjoyment, energy). This study explored the relationships between self-efficacy, self-determined motivation, affective responses, and adherence in a 16-week barbell-based RT program. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted with 43 adults (M age = 45.09 ± 10.7, 81.8% female) enrolled in a community-based RT program. Affective responses were measured pre- and post-training, within RT sessions, and over time. Repeated-measures ANOVA and correlational analyses were used to examine relationships between psychological variables, affective responses, and adherence to the program. Results: Participants reported significant improvements in positive affective responses post-training and across the program’s duration. Self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation were positively associated with higher affective responses and greater adherence. Strength exercises elicited more positive affects compared to power exercises, and lifting heavier relative loads was correlated with more favorable emotional outcomes. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of psychological factors, such as self-efficacy and motivation, in the relationship of affective responses to RT.
... This observation aligns with previous research suggesting that appropriate physical activity significantly enhances quality of life across physical, mental, and social dimensions. Notably, elderly individuals with a stable income, good health, and support from the family and community are more likely to engage in regular exercise [7][8][9][10][11][12]. ...
... Positive attitudes facilitate motivation and recognition of the benefits of exercise. This finding aligns with studies that emphasize the importance of self-efficacy and health awareness in encouraging elderly individuals to participate in health-promoting activities [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. ...
... Therefore, promoting physical activity among older adults should prioritize cultivating positive attitudes and establishing a supportive environment, particularly through the engagement of family members, community organizations, and local public health agencies. Furthermore, tailoring interventions, such as community-based outdoor activities, to suit the target demographic can facilitate increased physical activity participation, mitigate feelings of social isolation, and enhance the quality of life of older adults in a sustainable manner [12,20,[24][25][26][27]. ...
Exercise has been demonstrated to be crucial for promoting health and quality of life among the elderly population, encompassing physical, mental, social, and cognitive aspects. However, there remains a paucity of information regarding exercise behavior and associated factors in Buriram Province. This descriptive research aimed to investigate exercise behavior and quality of life among the elderly population in Buriram Province. The study sample comprised 577 elderly individuals, selected through multistage random sampling. Data were collected between August and November 2024 using questionnaires and interviews, with a reliability coefficient of 0.79 and an IOC value of 1.00. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. The majority of elderly individuals exhibited a high level of exercise behavior (59.10%). Key factors influencing exercise behavior included attitudes, monthly income, and chronic illnesses, with attitudes emerging as the most significant predictor. Overall, the quality of life ranged from good to very good across all assessed aspects. Elderly individuals with positive attitudes demonstrated consistent exercise behavior and improved quality of life.
... El término de autoeficacia definido por Bandura (1986), es la creencia propia que tiene un individuo de realizar acciones planeadas, no importando las circunstancias, término que se encuentra vigente, utilizado por diversos autores (Medrano-Ureña et al., 2020;De la Cruz et al., 2021;Blom et al., 2021;Enríquez-Reyna et al., 2020;Ramírez et al., 2024). Este mismo autor (Bandura, 1987) sostiene que la percepción de la eficacia personal juega un papel crucial en la influencia de las acciones, y es un factor determinante que interactúa entre el entorno y el comportamiento futuro. ...
Introducción: Los beneficios del ejercicio físico son alcanzables siempre y cuando tengan una autoeficacia al ejercicio físico aceptable. Es por tal motivo que los cuestionarios para medir la autoeficacia hacia el ejercicio físico se vuelven imprescindibles, ya que miden la creencia de capacidad que la persona tiene para realizar ejercicio físico. Objetivo: Determinar mediante una revisión sistemática cuáles son los cuestionarios más utilizados para medir la autoeficacia al ejercicio físico en mujeres deportistas. Método: La búsqueda se realizó en los buscadores académicos Scielo, Dialnet, Google Académico y Redalyc, así como en las bases de datos EBSCO y Scopus. Resultados: Inicialmente se identificaron 2686 artículos científicos, de los cuales 4 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Conclusión: Se determinó que los instrumentos más utilizados fueron la Escala de Autoeficacia General (EAG), que fue empleada por Boix et al. (2017) y por Ortiz et al. (2022), así como el cuestionario adaptado al campo específico, como es el Cuestionario de Autoeficacia Percibida en Acciones de Taekwondo (CAPAT), desarrollado por Estevan et al. (2016), y por último la escala creada para evaluar la autoeficacia en parapente diseñada por García y Zubiaur (2019).
... Furthermore, exercise might enhance one's overall quality of life (Pilozzi et al., 2020). Medrano-Ureña et al., (2020) stated in their study that exercise can increase the quality of life. Pain is subjective; everyone understands pain through the experience of injury or injury to the body. ...
Background: The occupational therapy profession has risks from its work, namely musculoskeletal pain. This problem, if not properly addressed, will have a serious impact, including a deterioration in quality of life. Some attempts that can be made to overcome musculoskeletal pain are pharmacological and non-pharmacological efforts. This study will look at the effect of intervention in the form of stretching exercises on musculoskeletal pain and quality of life in occupational therapists in the Klaten district. The aim of this study is to measure the effect of stretching exercises on musculoskeletal pain and quality of life among occupational therapists in the Klaten district. Methods: This study utilized a pre-experimental pretest-posttest design and employed purposive sampling to select participants. Musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the Nordic Body Map questionnaire, while the WHOQOL-BREF instrument was used to measure quality of life. Results: The study found a statistically significant decrease in musculoskeletal pain with a p-value of 0.000 using a paired t-test. Similarly, both the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the paired t-test showed statistically significant improvements across all four quality-of-life domains, yielding a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: Stretching exercise has the effect of reducing musculoskeletal pain and improving the quality of life of occupational therapists in the Klaten district.
... Born between 1938 and 1962, participants experienced physical activity promotion efforts that began around the time the U.S. implemented public health initiatives (CDC, 1999). Early promotion efforts focused on formal sports participation (CDC, 1999) and schools typically regulate the habits of physical activity through academic programming (Medrano-Ureña et al., 2020). Some research links youth sport participation to adult physical activity (Batista et al., 2021), and several participants engaged in sports during early life. ...
Research highlights the critical role of physical activity for older adults, who generally understand its importance for health maintenance. However, the influence of interpersonal relationships on physical activity requires further exploration. This study aimed to retrospectively examine older adults’ perceptions of their physical activity across four life stages (i.e., early life, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and older adulthood) and to assess how interpersonal relationships impacted their exercise at each stage. Nineteen older adults (8 men, 11 women) aged 60 and older, who reported engaging in physical activity for at least 30 min one to seven times per week, participated in this study. Data were collected through online surveys and in-depth interviews. Four themes were constructed through Coding Reliability Thematic Analysis: (a) physical activity trajectory over lifespan, (b) family of origin influence on physical activity, (c) chosen relationships as facilitators and barriers to physical activity, and (d) impact of parenting and grandparenting on physical activity. Participants perceived various interpersonal relationships influenced their physical activity through different mechanisms: modeling (e.g., parents), co-participation (e.g., siblings, romantic partners, children, grandchildren, friends), or observing health challenges related to inactivity experienced by close relations (e.g., parents, siblings, extended family) at different points in their lives.
... The Spanish version of the SF-36 questionnaire [27] was used to assess HRQoL. This tool has demonstrated validity and high reliability, and it is widely used in older adult populations [28][29][30]. ...
Background/Objectives: The Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) has numerous health benefits, particularly in preventing chronic diseases and improving well-being. Given the ageing population, understanding its impact on older adults’ physical health is essential. This study examines how adherence to the MedDiet influences the physical component (Comp-p) of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) across various age groups, providing insights for tailored dietary interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with active adults aged 41–80, categorised into four age groups (41–50, n = 116; 51–60, n = 225; 61–70, n = 135; 71–80, n = 44). Data were collected using the SF-36 and MEDAS questionnaires. Com-p scores were analysed based on MedDiet adherence (poor or good) and age. Results: In the 71–80 age group, a significant correlation was found between Comp-P and MedDiet adherence (r = 0.367, p = 0.014), with significantly higher Com-P scores in the good adherence group (50.10 ± 7.39) compared to the poor group (44.46 ± 7.73; p = 0.015; d = 0.74). The loss of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in this age group was attributed to low consumption of vegetables (36.36%), tree nuts (47.73%), legumes (50.00%), fish (52.27%), and fruit (56.82%). Conclusions: In individuals aged 71–80, lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a decline in self-perceived physical health, attributed to the reduced intake of fresh vegetables, legumes, fish, and fruit. These findings emphasise the importance of promoting Mediterranean dietary adherence in later life to maintain optimal physical well-being.
... It is defined as an individual's assessment of their ability to succeed in particular situations. Their external experiences and self-perception influence an individual's self-efficacy regarding the outcomes of various events [50]. Furthermore, self-efficacy plays a significant role in shaping an individual's motivation and achievements. ...
A burgeoning corpus of scholarly inquiry indicates that engagement in physical activity among children yields a plethora of advantageous outcomes, including enhanced cardiorespiratory endurance, improved academic performance, augmented cognitive functioning, as well as advancements in social and psychological well-being. Given that students participate in schooling for up to 200 days per annum, physical education (PE) possesses the potential to substantially influence the physiological and cognitive maturation of school-aged children through purposeful pedagogical practices. The notion of quality physical education (QPE), whose paramount objective is the cultivation of physical literacy, represents a critical element in the facilitation of both physiological and cognitive growth in children. Consequently, the objective of this investigation was to examine the ramifications of a continuing professional development program on educators’ self-efficacy and, in turn, on their students’ physical fitness and educational outcomes. The inquiry was conducted over a 32-week span during which teachers and students participated in a continuing professional development training (CPD) intervention and a physical literacy (PL) program, respectively. At both the initiation and conclusion of the intervention programs, a comprehensive series of standardized assessments were administered, including the Motorfit battery, Spirometry, Physical Education Teaching Efficacy Scale (PETES), and Amos 8–15. As a consequence, a significant Time × Group interaction effect for the Motorfit battery, Spirometry, PETES, and Amos 8–15 was identified. This finding suggests a meaningful improvement in the treatment groups (p < 0.001). Conversely, no notable alterations were recorded within the comparison groups. The outcomes of this research reinforce the assertion that exemplary instruction in physical education exerts a profound influence on the physiological well-being and academic achievements of students.
... A presença de hábitos saudáveis, como a prática regular de atividade física (AF), é fundamental para se alcançar uma melhor QV 8 . Estudos que analisaram a QV em adultos saudáveis, observaram que a AF está bastante associada positivamente aos aspectos físicos e mentais desses indivíduos 9,10 . Abrantes et al. 11 (2022), em sua revisão sistemática com metanálise, verificaram que os alunos com melhores níveis de AF apresentaram melhores escores de QVRS. ...
... Oliveira et al. 3 (2021) analisaram a QV de estudantes de diversos cursos de uma universidade pública do Ceará, utilizando o WHOQOL-BREF, e obtiveram resultados semelhantes aos desta pesquisa. As médias de seus domínios, de forma crescente, foram: "meio ambiente" 50,9 (±14,3), "psicológico" 56,2 (±18,6), "relações sociais" 59,9 (±20,8) e "físico" 60,6 (±15, 9). ...
Introdução: a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) envolve o aspecto físico, social, psicológico, cognitivo e a sensação geral de bem-estar. A presença de hábitos saudáveis, incluindo a prática regular de atividade física (AF) são fundamentais para alcançar uma melhor qualidade de vida (QV). Objetivo: analisar o nível de QVRS e da prática de AF em estudantes da área da saúde. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, analítico, de corte transversal envolvendo estudantes da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba dos cursos de saúde. O questionário continha questões autorais sobre identificação e dados demográficos, WHOQOL-BREF para avaliar QV e o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ), versão curta, para avaliar o nível de AF. Todos os testes foram bicaudais e o nível de significância final adotado foi de p<0,05. Resultados: 212 estudantes participaram da pesquisa. Em relação ao nível de AF 39,2% foram classificados como ativos e 31,6% muito ativos. Sobre a QV, o domínio meio ambiente (55,4±15,5) e psicológico (56,1±17,9) tiveram menores médias, enquanto o de relações sociais (66±21,8) e físico (62,4±16,3) atingiram valores mais elevados. O nível de AF apresentou correlação com todos os domínios, indicando que quanto mais ativos, maior a pontuação no WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusão: a prática de AF apresentou níveis significativamente satisfatórios. No que se refere a QV, em todos os domínios os valores foram medianos. A partir das correlações realizadas, sugere-se que quanto mais ativos os estudantes são, melhor a QV. Entretanto esta correlação foi classificada como fraca, devendo ser considerada com ressalvas e melhor investigada.
... These results suggest that not all components of self-reported PF have the same magnitude of moderating PL. In the scientific literature, other researchers have found general PF, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscle strength as mediating agents of quality of life (Lang et al., 2018;Medrano-Ureña et al., 2020), partially contrary to those found in this study, since muscle strength does not act as a moderator of the relationship between both variables. This difference could be due to the heterogeneity of the methods applied, since in this case, more objective means were applied, while this work collected the values in a self-reported manner. ...
In recent years, research on physical literacy has experienced remarkable growth, identifying the factors in this multidimensional concept that may play a role in the acquisition of healthy habits. In addition, multiple studies have identified significant correlations between physical literacy and quality of life, although they did not find a reason for this relationship. One of the factors that could explain this behavior is physical fitness. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the role of physical fitness and its components in the relationship between physical literacy and life satisfaction. For this purpose, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences in the scores of the questionnaires applied, Spearman's rho, to determine the correlations between physical literacy and life satisfaction, using Hedges' g for the interpretation of the effect size. In addition, a mediation analysis was conducted to understand how physical fitness affects the relationship between literacy and life satisfaction. A moderation analysis was then applied to explore whether variables related to physical fitness modified the correlation and added to the prediction model. Finally, the reliability and validity of the questionnaires were tested using Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald's omega coefficient. The results showed that physical fitness, especially cardiorespiratory fitness, was a moderator and mediator in this relationship, demonstrating that increasing cardiorespiratory fitness enhances the effect of physical literacy on improving life satisfaction among high school students.
... Self-efficacy for exercise, defined as an individual's belief in their ability to engage in and adhere to exercise behaviors, plays a vital role in mental health and well-being [21], [22], [23], 24]. Higher levels of self-efficacy for exercise are associated with greater engagement in physical activity, which has been consistently linked to reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress [22], [23], 24]. ...
... Self-efficacy for exercise, defined as an individual's belief in their ability to engage in and adhere to exercise behaviors, plays a vital role in mental health and well-being [21], [22], [23], 24]. Higher levels of self-efficacy for exercise are associated with greater engagement in physical activity, which has been consistently linked to reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress [22], [23], 24]. While there is limited research specifically examining the relationships among appetitive traits, self-efficacy for exercise, and the internalizing spectrum of the HiTOP mode, both appetitive traits and self-efficacy for exercise could contribute to the understanding of the development and maintenance of psychopathology. ...
In this cross-sectional study, we explore the influence of age, Body
Mass Index (BMI), appetitive traits, and internalizing psychopathology on exercise self-efficacy among 52 participants, framed within the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model. Appetitive traits were assessed using
the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ), exercise self-efficacy through
the Self-Efficacy for Physical Activity Survey (SEPAV), and internalizing psychopathology via the Romanian Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms
(IDAS-II). Stepwise regression analysis across three models revealed that BMI
and age (Model 1) have minimal impact on exercise self-efficacy. Adding appetitive traits (Model 2) and internalizing symptoms (Model 3) significantly improved predictive power. Specifically, emotional under-eating was negatively associated with self-efficacy for exercise. Moreover, emotional under-eating was a
negative predictor for resisting relapse and making time for exercise, as key factors of exercise self-efficacy. In addition, food responsiveness positively predicts
resisting relapse, and negatively, making time for exercise, and self-efficacy for
exercise. Lassitude was a negative predictor for resisting relapse, and appetite
gain was a positive predictor for making time for exercise. These results underscore the relationship between psychological factors and physical activity, suggesting the need for interventions that address both mental and physical health
dimensions. This study confirms the HiTOP model's relevance in identifying psychopathological influences on exercise behavior and mental health.
