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Trees in a state of decline exhibit a reduced foliage density and accumulate dead branches in their crowns. Consequently,
forest decline can markedly affect both the habitats and sources of food for canopy-dwelling insects. The decline-induced
increase in canopy openness may also modify the understory, shrub and ground layers, and have cascading ef...
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... each stand we recorded average tree height, diameter and density, as well as stand composition (Table 1). We also evaluated the level of decline at three embedded spatial scales: (i) trees with a trap, hereafter referred to as the tree scale, (ii) the ten closest oaks surrounding the trees with traps, hereafter referred as a plot, and (iii) 30 trees in the stand (i.e. the 20 trees in the two monitored plots and 10 trees in an additional plot located between the two monitored plots), hereafter referred as a stand (Table 2). ...Context 2
... of Raphidioptera were more unevenly distributed (Fig. 1, Table S1). Half of the GMFT caught less than 5 individuals and fi ve no specimens. ...Similar publications
Soil fertility and resorption of leaf compounds in the fall can influence resource buildup in plants. However, whether intraspecific differences in seedling size can affect nutrient reserve buildup is unknown. This study examined the effects of seedling size and fall fertilization on the uptake and resorption of nitrogen (N), as well as the allocat...
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... Some studies propose that scorpionflies possess research significance in forensic entomology 6 . Furthermore, they can also serve as indicator organisms for environmental monitoring 7,8 . ...
Mecoptera is a small relict order of insects within the Holometabola. Panorpidae is the most speciose family in Mecoptera. They are also known as scorpion flies due to the enlarged and upward recurved male genital bulb. Panorpa liui Hua, 1997, a member of Panorpidae, is a bivoltine species of seasonal color polyphenism in the lowland plain of northeastern China. In this study, we applied PacBio HiFi and Hi–C sequencing technologies to generate a chromosome-level genome reference of P. liui. The assembled genome is 678.26 Mbp in size, with 91.3% being anchored onto 23 pseudo–chromosomes. Benchmarking Universal Single–Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) estimation reveals the completeness of this assembly as 95.1%. By integrating full-length transcriptome and homologs of related species, we generated full annotation of this assembly, yielding a total of 15,960 protein–coding genes, of these, 15,892 genes were anchored on the 23 chromosomes. The high-quality genome provides critical genomic resources for population genetics and phylogenetic research on Mecoptera. It also offers valuable information for exploring the mechanisms underlying seasonal color polymorphism.
... In a moss forest near Neuershausen, Germany, P. communis was recorded from late April to early September [43]. French forests exhibited peak abundance in traps during June [44]. Further geographic variations include the Czech Republic, where the species was active from May to September [45], and Slovenia, where activity extended from May to September [46]. ...
... Therefore, it is difficult to compare the results we have obtained. In France, the authors observed the highest abundance of P. germanica and P. communis in tree canopies rather than in the ground layer [44]. However, they attributed this shift in spatial niche to closed plantings where herbaceous and shrubby tiers were poorly developed, compelling adults to seek food in the forest canopy [44]. ...
... In France, the authors observed the highest abundance of P. germanica and P. communis in tree canopies rather than in the ground layer [44]. However, they attributed this shift in spatial niche to closed plantings where herbaceous and shrubby tiers were poorly developed, compelling adults to seek food in the forest canopy [44]. ...
Our study focuses on the investigation of the ecological aspects (seasonal dynamics, height distribution, and preference of biotopes) of six species within the genus Panorpa (P. alpina Rambur, 1842, P. cognata Rambur, 1842, P. communis Linnaeus, 1758, P. germanica Linnaeus, 1758, P. hybrida MacLachlan, 1882, and P. vulgaris Imhoff & Labram, 1845). The observed seasonal dynamics predominantly display a monovoltine nature. P. communis was active from the early days of May, with individuals persisting until the beginning of October. Conversely, P. vulgaris exhibits activity from the third decade of May to mid-September. P. hybrida manifests within a concise timeframe, observed from late May to late July. P. cognata demonstrates activity commencing in early May, with individuals observed until the end of September. Within forest environments, the highest population density of all species is concentrated at a height of 1.5 m above ground level, whereas the minimum population density is recorded at a height of 12 m above ground level. P. vulgaris demonstrates comparable abundance across heights ranging from 1.5 to 7.5 m, whereas P. hybrida exhibits uniform distribution solely at heights of 1.5 and 3.5 m. Furthermore, the abundance of P. communis surpasses that at other heights when observed at the height of 1.5 m. Panorpa specimens exhibit an absence in open ecosystems at heights of 8 and 10 m. The peak of population density for all species is consistently identified at heights of 2 and 4 m. The application of six diverse entomological methodologies leads to optimal outcomes. Our investigations reveal that P. communis, P. vulgaris, and P. hybrida display greater attraction to beer traps, while P. cognata exhibits a comparatively diminished propensity for such traps. P. cognata, in contrast, demonstrates a substantial presence in pan traps and pitfall traps. In Malaise traps, pan traps, and pitfall traps, five distinct species were captured, although with a species composition differing from alternative methods. To sum up, for the comprehensive study of Panorpa across an expansive geographical spectrum, it is judicious to integrate both net captures and the use of diverse trap types. In addition, it is necessary to explore all biotopes and tiers of the forest.
... Most intriguingly, panorpids may have value in forensic entomology, as they have been observed to arrive at human cadavers in less than 20 min [2,11]. Panorpids have also been known to consume pollen, fermenting berries, feces, and nectar, and even exhibit phytophagous behavior [3,8,10,[12][13][14][15][16][17]. Hangingflies, on the other hand, are predatory and target small arthropods such as dipterans, lepidopterous larvae, and adults of Hemiptera and Hymenoptera [2,18]. ...
... Mecoptera, especially "panorpids", exhibit specific habitat preferences, predominantly favoring mountainous areas characterized by high moisture levels. Adult panorpids are found commonly resting on leaf surfaces, while bittacids hang within the vegetation [3,9,14,18]. Due to their constrained migration capabilities, restricted distribution, preference for lower temperatures, and sensitivity to climate change and vegetation shifts, Mecoptera serve as invaluable models for studying the impacts of climate change and deforestation. ...
... Due to their constrained migration capabilities, restricted distribution, preference for lower temperatures, and sensitivity to climate change and vegetation shifts, Mecoptera serve as invaluable models for studying the impacts of climate change and deforestation. Furthermore, they play a significant role in insect conservation by functioning as ecological indicators [10,14,17,22,23]. Thus, gaining insights into insect biodiversity, spatiotemporal variations, and the influences of environmental factors remain a paramount ecological challenge [24][25][26]. ...
Ecological analyses of the small and lesser-known insect order Mecoptera in Thailand are presented. Specimens were collected monthly over a period of 12 consecutive months, using both Malaise and pan traps, from 29 sampling sites located in 18 national parks throughout Thailand. A total of 21 species in four genera were identified from 797 specimens, including Panorpa (1 species), Neopanorpa (18 species), Bittacus (1 species), and Terrobittacus (1 species), with the latter genus representing a new genus record to Thailand. Neopanorpa harmandi, N. siamensis, N. byersi, and N. malaisei were the most abundant species, representing 27.4%, 11.3%, 10.3% and 8.8% of the total specimens, respectively. The species with the highest frequency, as indicated by the high percentage of species occurrence (%SO), was N. siamensis (51%), followed by N. byersi (34%), N. harmandi (34%), N. spatulata (27%), and N. inchoata (27%). Eleven species (52%) exhibited specific regional occurrences. N. tuberosa and N. siamensis had the widest distribution, being found in almost all regions except for western and southern regions for the first and second species, respectively. The seasonal species richness of Mecoptera was high during the rainy season in the northern, northeastern, central, eastern, and western regions, with the highest richness observed in July (15 species), followed by the hot (10 species) and cold seasons (7 species), while there was no significant difference in species richness between seasons in the southern region. Multiple regression models revealed a negative association between species richness and abundance of Mecoptera with both elevation and temperature, and a positive association between rainfall and species evenness. It is predicted that climatic changes will have a detrimental effect on the mecopteran community. The results of this study enhance the understanding of the ecological aspects of Mecoptera, offering crucial insights into its biodiversity and distribution, which are vital for conservation and forest management.
... These modifications can profoundly reshape communities of forest arthropods Viljur et al., 2022). The impact of canopy dieback on forest arthropods has been investigated for several taxonomic groups and functional guilds, including some specifically dwelling in the canopy Martel & Mauffette, 1997;Sallé et al., 2020;Stone et al., 2010;Vincent et al., 2020). Although the responses of canopy arthropods are largely mediated by their functional and/or trophic guild (e.g., Sallé et al., 2020), idiosyncratic responses still occur among the taxa of a same guild or taxonomic group (e.g., Vincent et al., 2020). ...
... The impact of canopy dieback on forest arthropods has been investigated for several taxonomic groups and functional guilds, including some specifically dwelling in the canopy Martel & Mauffette, 1997;Sallé et al., 2020;Stone et al., 2010;Vincent et al., 2020). Although the responses of canopy arthropods are largely mediated by their functional and/or trophic guild (e.g., Sallé et al., 2020), idiosyncratic responses still occur among the taxa of a same guild or taxonomic group (e.g., Vincent et al., 2020). Consequently, the impacts of disturbance-driven changes in canopy structure on arthropod communities are still difficult to predict, especially in the largely under-studied temperate forest canopy Sallé et al., 2021). ...
... Yet the accumulation and diversification of deadwood resources and weakened hosts during forest dieback and decline events generally favour saproxylic taxa abundance and diversity (Beudert et al., 2015;Cours et al., 2022Cours et al., , 2023Kozák et al., 2020), including those dwelling in the canopy (Sallé et al., 2020;Stone et al., 2010). This overall trend for the guild might be contradicted at the species level, since some saproxylic species can be negatively affected by forest dieback or decline (Vincent et al., 2020). In line with this, the only xylophagous species in our survey, that is, X. longicollis, was negatively affected by decline severity. ...
Forest decline and dieback are growing phenomena worldwide, resulting in severe, large‐scale degradation of the canopy. This can profoundly alter the provision of trophic resources and microhabitats for canopy‐dwelling arthropods.
In 2019, we assessed the effect of oak decline on the community of canopy‐dwelling Hymenoptera. We selected 21 oak stands and 42 plots, located in three forests in France, presenting contrasting levels of decline. Insects were sampled at the canopy level with green multi‐funnel and flight‐interception traps.
We collected a particularly diverse community of 19,289 insect individuals belonging to 918 taxa, 10 larval trophic guilds and 7 nesting guilds.
Oak decline had no effect on the abundance or richness of the overall community but significantly reshaped the community assemblages. Decline had contrasting effects depending on the taxa and guilds considered. Specialist parasitoids were more abundant at intermediate levels of decline severity while generalists were negatively affected. Taxa depending on ground‐related resources and microhabitats were promoted. Saproxylic taxa were more abundant while xylophagous insects were negatively impacted.
Reduced leaf area index promoted several guilds and the diversity of the overall community. While an increasing tree mortality rate enhanced the abundance and diversity of deadwood resources, it had negative impacts on several Hymenoptera guilds. Our results suggest that micro‐environmental changes at the ground level due to canopy decline have major cascading effects on the communities of canopy‐dwelling Hymenoptera.
Our study highlights the relevance of studying Hymenoptera communities to investigate the outcomes of disturbances on forest biodiversity.
... These modifications can profoundly reshape communities of forest arthropods (Viljur et al., 2022;Cours et al., 2023). The impact of canopy dieback on forest arthropods has been investigated for several taxonomic groups and functional guilds, including some specifically dwelling in the canopy (Martel & Mauffette, 1997;Stone et al., 2010;Sallé et al., 2020;Vincent et al., 2020). While the responses of canopy arthropods are largely mediated by their functional and/or trophic guild (e.g., Sallé et al., 2020), idiosyncratic responses still occur among the taxa of a same guild or taxonomic group (e.g., Vincent et al., 2020). ...
... The impact of canopy dieback on forest arthropods has been investigated for several taxonomic groups and functional guilds, including some specifically dwelling in the canopy (Martel & Mauffette, 1997;Stone et al., 2010;Sallé et al., 2020;Vincent et al., 2020). While the responses of canopy arthropods are largely mediated by their functional and/or trophic guild (e.g., Sallé et al., 2020), idiosyncratic responses still occur among the taxa of a same guild or taxonomic group (e.g., Vincent et al., 2020). Consequently, the impacts of disturbancedriven changes in canopy structure on arthropod communities are still difficult to predict, especially in the largely under-studied temperate forest canopy (Sallé et al., 2021;Cours et al., 2023). ...
... Yet, the accumulation and diversification of deadwood resources and weakened hosts during forest dieback and decline events generally favour saproxylic taxa abundance and diversity (Beudert et al., 2015;Kozák et al., 2020;Cours et al., 2022Cours et al., , 2023, including those dwelling in the canopy (Stone et al., 2010;Sallé et al., 2020). This overall trend for the guild might be contradicted at the species level, since some saproxylic species can be negatively affected by forest dieback or decline (Vincent et al., 2020). In line with this, the only xylophagous species in our survey i.e., X. longicollis, was negatively affected by decline severity. ...
1. Forest decline and dieback are growing phenomena worldwide, resulting in severe, large-scale degradation of the canopy. This can profoundly alter the provision of trophic resources and microhabitats for canopy-dwelling arthropods.
2. In 2019, we assessed the effect of oak decline on the community of canopy-dwelling Hymenoptera. We selected 21 oak stands, and 42 plots, located in three forests in France, presenting contrasting levels of decline. Insects were sampled at the canopy level with green multi-funnel and flight-interception traps.
3. We collected a particularly diverse community of 19,289 insect individuals belonging to 918 taxa, ten larval trophic guilds and five nesting guilds.
4. Oak decline had no effect on the abundance or richness of the overall community, but significantly reshaped the community assemblages. Decline had contrasting effects depending on the taxa and guilds considered. Specialist parasitoids were more abundant at intermediate levels of decline severity while generalists were negatively affected. Taxa depending on ground-related resources and microhabitats were promoted. Saproxylic taxa were more abundant while xylophagous insects were negatively impacted.
5. Reduced leaf area index promoted several guilds, and the diversity of the overall community. While an increasing tree mortality rate enhanced the abundance and diversity of deadwood resources, it had negative impacts on several Hymenoptera guilds. Our results suggest that micro-environmental changes at the ground-level due to canopy decline have major cascading effects on the communities of canopy-dwelling Hymenoptera.
6. Our study highlights the relevance of studying Hymenoptera communities to investigate the outcomes of disturbances on forest biodiversity.
... Dans le cadre de projets de recherche s'intéressant à l'entomofaune des canopées de chênaies, plusieurs campagnes d'échantillonnage ont été menées dans plusieurs parcelles dominées par du Chêne au sein de la forêt domaniale de Vierzon Vincent et al., 2020]. Les campagnes d'échantillonnage se sont étalées de manière continue de 2016 à 2021. ...
Israelius querceti Marhic n. sp., is described. The genus Israelius Richards, 1952, never observed before in Western Europe, has been sampled during a survey of the entomofauna associated to the oak canopy, in the national forest of Vierzon (Cher department).
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Israelius querceti Marhic n. sp. est décrit. Le genre Israelius Richards, 1952, jamais observé en Europe de l’Ouest, a été collecté lors d’un inventaire de l’entomofaune associée à la canopée de chênaies, dans la forêt domaniale de Vierzon (Cher).
... Signalons également que les travaux mobilisés dans notre synthèse sont en majorité dédiés à la caractérisation des impacts des perturbations par une approche de type BACI (Before-After Control-Impact), comparant les états avant/après sans relativiser la magnitude des écarts par rapport à un état de référence. À travers l'analyse de la littérature internationale (et notamment de plusieurs méta-analyses récentes) et des résultats de plusieurs cas d'étude en cours d'exploration [dépérissements liés à la sécheresse dans les chênaies du Centre val-de-Loire Vincent et al., 2020) et dans les sapinières pyrénéennes Sire et al., 2022), aux tempêtes et aux pullulations de typographe dans les pessières bavaroises (Beudert et al., 2015)], nous proposons un regard sur la relation entre les processus de dépérissement actuels, complexes et évolutifs, et les conditions d'habitat et la biodiversité forestière. ...
... Dans les chênaies de plaine, les guildes d'insectes de la canopée présentent des réponses contrastées au dépérissement Vincent et al., 2020). Globalement, le dépérissement a des effets positifs sur l'abondance et la biomasse des coléoptères, en particulier sur l'abondance, la biomasse et la richesse en espèces des agriles, des insectes opportunistes se développant dans les chênes affaiblis. ...
Les effets des dépérissements sur la structure des peuplements, la quantité et la qualité des ressources, la composition des paysages et les communautés biologiques ont été analysés. Dans les pessières bavaroises, la richesse spécifique augmente généralement en zones perturbées, où certaines espèces rares réapparaissent. Dans les sapinières pyrénéennes, les effets du dépérissement aux échelles du peuplement et du paysage sont interdépendants. Dans les chênaies de plaine, les réponses des guildes d’insectes des houppiers sont contrastées. Les coupes sanitaires altèrent la structure du peuplement, et modifient la composition initiale des communautés par un effet additif au dépérissement. Les nombreuses incertitudes sur la dynamique des communautés soulignent l’importance de disposer de longues séries temporelles. Des réflexions opérationnelles sont engagées pour une sylviculture de rétention saisissant l’opportunité des crises, dans le respect des équilibres économiques et phytosanitaires. Messages clésLes effets des crises forestières sur la biodiversité sont différents selon le contexte.L’effet des crises forestières sur la biodiversité est amplifié par les récoltes sanitaires.Des suivis sur le long terme sont indispensables pour diminuer l’incertitude sur les prédictions.
... Commentaire : Subilla confinis est une espèce répandue en France, ce que confirment les données acquises lors de ces études. Les très nombreuses captures (plus de 300 spécimens ; Vincent et al., 2020) réalisées dans les canopées de certaines forêts du Centre de la France à l'aide de pièges Lindgren ou Polytrap ™ (projet CANOPEE) suggèrent que l'espèce doit être plus abondante que ne le laissait suggérer le nombre limité de captures connues jusqu'alors, acquises par chasse à vue ou piégeage au niveau des strates basses de végétation. Commentaire : cette espèce présente une aire de répartition restreinte en Europe, centrée sur la zone adriatique (Autriche, Bulgarie, France, Grèce, Italie, Macédoine du Nord, Slovénie et Monténégro [Aspöck et al., 2001]. ...
472 unpublished and recent data on Raphidioptera are presented, corresponding to 1159 identified specimens, belonging to 17 species and distributed over 50 counties of mainland France and Corsica. This synthesis includes 104 first citations for french counties and is the most important contribution to the knowledge of the Raphidioptera of France, an order of insects hitherto poorly known in our country. Data of rare or poorly known species are presented : Phaeostigma galloitalicum (H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1976), for which three localities were known for France, Raphidia ligurica (Albarda, 1891), a very scarce species in Europe (under fifteen records) and Venustoraphidia conviventibus Monserrat & Papenberg, 2012, only known from a single locality in Spain. / Les auteurs présentent 472 données inédites et récentes de Raphidioptères, correspondant à 1159 spécimens identifiés, appartenant à 17 espèces et réparties sur 50 départements de France continentale et de Corse. Cette synthèse inclut 104 premières mentions départementales et constitue ainsi la plus importante contribution à la connaissance des Raphidioptères de France, un ordre d’insectes jusqu’alors peu étudié dans notre pays. Des données d’espèces rares ou peu fréquentes sont présentées : Phaeostigma galloitalicum (H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1976), dont seules trois stations étaient connues pour la France, Raphidia ligurica (Albarda, 1891), une espèce très rare en Europe (moins de quinze données) et Venustoraphidia conviventibus Monserrat & Papenberg, 2012, qui n’était connue que d’une unique station en Espagne.
... In addition, there are species that use microhabitats under the canopy to find partners or prey. Therefore, vertical migrations of individual species occur permanently or temporarily from one tier of the forest to another, depending on the season, the stage of the life cycle and even the time of day [114,127,128]. This means that we still have little information about the functioning of arthropod communities living in various tiers of deciduous forests of the temperate zone. ...
Studies on the vertical distribution of arthropods in temperate forests have revealed the uneven vertical distribution of communities. Many factors influence these patterns simultaneously. However, there are still many questions related to the vertical distribution of Coleoptera in deciduous forests of the temperate zone. The research was carried out within the territory of the Republic of Mordovia (the center of the European part of Russia). Fermental traps with a bait made of fermenting beer with sugar were used to collect Coleoptera. The collections were carried out from May to September 2020 at five sites in a deciduous forest. We set traps at a height of 1.5, 3.5, 7.5 and 12 m above the ground) on the branches of trees. Ninety-two species were identified at the end of studies at different heights. The families Nitidulidae (15 species), Cerambycidae (14 species), Elateridae (7 species), Curculionidae (7 species) and Scarabaeidae (7 species) had the greatest species diversity. The greatest species diversity was recorded at a height of 1.5 m, while the smallest one was recorded at a height of 7.5 m. The minimum number of specimens was recorded at a height of 12 m. The largest differences in the Jaccard similarity index were obtained between samples from a height of 1.5 and 12 m. The Shannon’s diversity index was higher near the ground than in the tree crowns (at heights of 7.5 and 12 m), and the Simpson index had the opposite tendency. Glischrochilus hortensis and to a lesser extent Cychramus luteus preferred to live in the lowest layers of deciduous forest (1.5 m). Cryptarcha strigata was mainly found with relatively high numbers at heights of 3.5 m and 7.5 m. The abundance and occurrence of Protaetia marmorata and Quedius dilatatus were higher in the uppermost layers of the crowns. The number of saproxylic beetle species at heights of 3.5–12 m was almost the same, while in the surface layer it decreased. The number of anthophilic beetle species was also lower at a low altitude. Our data confirm the relevance of sampling in forest ecosystems at different altitudes while studying arthropod biodiversity.
... Plusieurs groupes taxinomiques ont été étudiés [e.g. Sallé et al., 2020 ;Vincent et al., 2020] (Figures 1 et 2). Les relevés correspondant à l'une d'elles présentaient aussi la plus forte diversité d'espèces (10) Le nombre d'espèces est relativement faible compte-tenu de la taille de la famille, mais cela peut s'expliquer en partie par le fait que la diversité du groupe est moyenne dans les milieux forestiers non humides. ...
Summary. – During an entomological inventory in the canopy of Oak stands, 15 species of Limoniidae (Diptera) have been collected in three different forests located in the centre of France (Loiret, Cher and Allier). All species are new to the department, and the species Helius calviensis Edwards, 1928, previously known from Corsica only in France, is new for continental France. In the three sampled forests, collections were largely dominated by Dicranomyia affinis (Schummel, 1829) and Dicranomyia mitis (Meigen, 1830). In addition to H. calviensis, Rhipidia uniseriata Schiner, 1864, another uncommon species was also collected. Both species are briefly described.
Résumé. – Dans le cadre d’inventaires de l’entomofaune des canopées de Chênes, 15 espèces de la famille des Limoniidae (Diptera) ont été collectées dans trois massifs forestiers, situés dans le Loiret, le Cher et l’Allier. Toutes les espèces sont nouvelles pour leur département, et l’espèce méditerranéenne Helius calviensis Edwards, 1928 est nouvelle pour la France continentale. Dans les trois massifs échantillonnés, les collectes étaient largement dominées par Dicranomyia affinis (Schummel, 1829) suivie de Dicranomyia mitis (Meigen, 1830). Outre H. calviensis, une autre espèce d’intérêt, Rhipidia uniseriata Schiner, 1864, a été collectée. Les deux sont brièvement décrites.
