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Source publication
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of two novel light sources for large area and full body application, providing polychromatic, non-thermal photobiomodulation (PBM) for improving skin feeling and appearance.
Background data:
For non-thermal photorejuvenation, laser and LED light sources have been dem...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... units equipped with two different types of poly- chromatic light sources (low-pressure vs. mid-pressure lamps) were used to conduct this study. Table 2 lists the lamp technologies, lamp types, treatment area (full or part of the body), spectral values, session duration, and treatment doses for the units used in this study. ...
Citations
... 13 For the past few years, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been demonstrated as an emerging and safe tool with fewer side effects and good results and good results for treating many skin conditions, [14][15][16][17][18] for example, facial vascular lesions. 19 This is why we decided to test it to treat facial hypervascularization. The light from the LEDs interacts directly with its target chromophore (depending on the wavelengths used) to generate photomodulation at a vascular level, reducing the caliber of these small vessels and, therefore, the reddish appearance of the skin. ...
Background: Superficial facial vascular lesions can be an aesthetic problem and a symptom of different skin diseases. Objective: It was to compare the efficacy and safety profiles of Dermalux® Tri-Wave MD, based on three combined light-emitting diodes (LEDs) technology and intense pulsed light (IPL) for reducing the excess of facial vascularization due to superficial cutaneous vascular lesions. Materials and methods: The study had a single-center, proof-of-concept, open-label, and prospective design. Two groups of adult patients were treated for facial hypervascularization, LED-Group with an LED device combining 633 and 830 nm and IPL-Group with an IPL (555-950 and 530-750 nm). Variables assessed were hemoglobin hyperconcentration (HH), hemoglobin-affected area (HAA) through Antera 3D®, and pain using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Results: Twenty subjects were included, 10 by group (50% female). LED-Group: Mean age 32.1 years (range, 21-46). IPL-Group: Mean age 34.5 years (range, 25-49). HH: LED-Group 100% had a moderate improvement; in the IPL-Group, 10% was moderate, and 90% was marked. HAA: LED-Group 10% had a slight improvement, 70% moderate, and 20% marked; in the IPL-Group, 100%, the improvement was marked. Seventy percent of LED-Group patients reported no pain, 30% mild; in the IPL-Group, 100% of patients reported severe pain. Conclusions: Treatment with combined red and near-infrared LEDs effectively reduced the excess of facial vascularization with moderate outcomes compared with IPL, but without secondary effects and no pain. This treatment could represent an effective, safe, and well-tolerated approach for facial vascular lesions.
... 6,[9][10][11] The clinical use of PBM has shown many promising results in inflammatory conditions, tissue repair, wound healing, and others. 9,12 For rejuvenation, in vitro data have suggested an increase in procollagen I production and gene expression, as well as a reduction in the gene and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1). 10,13 A few published clinical trials have assessed the effect of PBM on rejuvenation. ...
... 10,13 A few published clinical trials have assessed the effect of PBM on rejuvenation. 12,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] However, most of them have evaluated red PBM when compared with a nontreated control, compared or associated with infrared wavelengths, or where there was no comparison with a control group. Hence, clinical trials considering these limitations and those designed to reduce the risk of bias are still needed. ...
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate red and amber light-emitting diode protocols for facial rejuvenation at the same light dose. Background: The demand for minimally invasive cosmetic procedures to address skin aging has grown throughout the world. In vitro red and amber photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to improve collagen synthesis. Meanwhile, red PBM has already been studied in clinical trials; however, a comparison of the use of different wavelengths at the same light dose to reduce periocular wrinkles has not yet been performed. Methods: This split-face, randomized clinical trial recruited 137 women (40-65 years old) presenting with skin phototypes II-IV and Glogau photoaging scale types II-IV. The individuals received 10 sessions for 4 weeks of red (660 nm) and amber (590 nm) PBM (3.8 J/cm2), one at each side of the face. The outcomes, measured before and after the treatments, were the periocular wrinkle volume measured by VisioFace® RD equipment; hydration measured by the Corneometer CM 825; skin elasticity measured by the Cutometer Dual MPA 580; and quality of life determined by adapted versions of validated questionnaires [Melasma Quality of Life Scale-Brazilian Portuguese (MelasQoL-BP) and Skindex-29]. Results: There was a significant reduction in wrinkle volume after red (31.6%) and amber (29.9%) PBM. None of the treatments improved skin hydration and viscoelasticity. Both questionnaires showed improvements in participants' quality of life. Conclusions: PBM, both at red and amber wavelengths, is an effective tool for rejuvenation, producing a 30% wrinkle volume reduction. The technique has strong potential in patients with diabetes or those presenting with keloids, conditions for which highly inflammatory rejuvenating procedures are not indicated. Clinical trial registration number: REBEC-6YFCBM.
... It has been long known that specific wavelengths of light in certain doses have a therapeutic effect on biological structures [19,20]. However, it was not long before the subtle mechanisms by which light exerts its effects on cells, tissues, organs and organisms were revealed [21]. ...
Nowadays, the utilized electromagnetic radiation (ER) in modalities such as photobiomodulation (PBM) finds broader applications in medical practice due to the promising results suggested by numerous reports. To date, the published data do not allow for the in-depth elucidation of the molecular mechanisms through which ER impacts the human organism. Furthermore, there is a total lack of evidence justifying the relation between the enzymatic activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the spontaneous contractile activity of smooth muscle gastric tissues exposed to various light sources. We found that exposure of these tissues to lamps, emitting light with wavelengths of 254 nm and 350 nm, lasers, emitting light with 532 nm and 808 nm, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with ER at a wavelength of 660 nm, increased the 5-HT effect on the contractility. On the other hand, LEDs at 365 nm and 470 nm reduced it. The analysis of MAO-A enzymatic activity after exposure to the employed light emitters endorsed these findings. Furthermore, MAOA gene expression studies confirmed the possibility of its optogenetic regulation. Therefore, we concluded that the utilized emitters could alternate the functions of significant neuromediators by modulating the activity and gene transcription levels of enzymes that degrade them. Our investigations will help to disclose the selective conditions upon which PBM can effectively treat gastrointestinal and neurological disorders.
... Human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with either a 475 nm, 516 nm, or 635 nm light, using a 24 J/cm 2 daily dose, showed increased migration and proliferation of the endothelial cells [48]. Human skin rejuvenation treatments use doses ranging from 0.1 to 120 J/ cm 2 using red and infrared LEDT [49,50]. Another experimental study in mice using 635 nm red and 945 nm infrared LED (4 J/cm 2 ) after a muscular injury caused by Bothrops as per snake venom showed significantly reduced myonecrosis [51]. ...
This study is aimed at investigating the efects of LEDT, at multiple wavelengths, on intracellular calcium concentration; on
transient receptor potential canonical channels; on calcium-binding protein; on myogenic factors; on myosin heavy chains;
on Akt signaling pathway; on infammatory markers; and on the angiogenic-inducing factor in dystrophic muscle cell culture
experimental model. Dystrophic primary muscle cells were submitted to LEDT, at multiple wavelengths (420 nm, 470 nm,
660 nm, and 850 nm), and evaluated after 48 h for cytotoxic efects and intracellular calcium content. TRPC-1, TRPC-6,
Calsequestrin, MyoD, Myogenin, MHC-slow, MHC-fast, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-FoxO1, Myostatin, NF-κB, TNF-α, and VEGF
levels were evaluated in dystrophic primary muscle cells by western blotting. The LEDT, at multiple wavelengths, treatedmdx muscle cells showed no cytotoxic efect and signifcant lower levels in [Ca2+]i. The mdx muscle cells treated with LEDT
showed a signifcant reduction of TRPC-1, NF-κB, TNF-α and MyoD levels and a signifcant increase of Myogenin, MHCslow, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-FoxO1 levels, and VEGF levels. Our fndings suggest that diferent LEDT wavelengths modulate
the Akt-signaling pathways and attenuate pathological events in dystrophic muscle cells, and a combined multiwavelength
irradiation protocol may even provide a potentially therapeutic strategy for muscular dystrophies.
... Human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with either a 475 nm, 516 nm, or 635 nm light, using a 24 J/cm 2 daily dose, showed increased migration and proliferation of the endothelial cells [48]. Human skin rejuvenation treatments use doses ranging from 0.1 to 120 J/ cm 2 using red and infrared LEDT [49,50]. Another experimental study in mice using 635 nm red and 945 nm infrared LED (4 J/cm 2 ) after a muscular injury caused by Bothrops as per snake venom showed significantly reduced myonecrosis [51]. ...
This study is aimed at investigating the efects of LEDT, at multiple wavelengths, on intracellular calcium concentration; on
transient receptor potential canonical channels; on calcium-binding protein; on myogenic factors; on myosin heavy chains;
on Akt signaling pathway; on infammatory markers; and on the angiogenic-inducing factor in dystrophic muscle cell culture
experimental model. Dystrophic primary muscle cells were submitted to LEDT, at multiple wavelengths (420 nm, 470 nm,
660 nm, and 850 nm), and evaluated after 48 h for cytotoxic efects and intracellular calcium content. TRPC-1, TRPC-6,
Calsequestrin, MyoD, Myogenin, MHC-slow, MHC-fast, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-FoxO1, Myostatin, NF-κB, TNF-α, and VEGF
levels were evaluated in dystrophic primary muscle cells by western blotting. The LEDT, at multiple wavelengths, treatedmdx muscle cells showed no cytotoxic efect and signifcant lower levels in [Ca2+]i. The mdx muscle cells treated with LEDT
showed a signifcant reduction of TRPC-1, NF-κB, TNF-α and MyoD levels and a signifcant increase of Myogenin, MHCslow, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-FoxO1 levels, and VEGF levels. Our fndings suggest that diferent LEDT wavelengths modulate
the Akt-signaling pathways and attenuate pathological events in dystrophic muscle cells, and a combined multiwavelength
irradiation protocol may even provide a potentially therapeutic strategy for muscular dystrophies.
... Human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with either a 475 nm, 516 nm, or 635 nm light, using a 24 J/cm 2 daily dose, showed increased migration and proliferation of the endothelial cells [48]. Human skin rejuvenation treatments use doses ranging from 0.1 to 120 J/ cm 2 using red and infrared LEDT [49,50]. Another experimental study in mice using 635 nm red and 945 nm infrared LED (4 J/cm 2 ) after a muscular injury caused by Bothrops as per snake venom showed significantly reduced myonecrosis [51]. ...
This study is aimed at investigating the effects of LEDT, at multiple wavelengths, on intracellular calcium concentration; on transient receptor potential canonical channels; on calcium-binding protein; on myogenic factors; on myosin heavy chains; on Akt signaling pathway; on inflammatory markers; and on the angiogenic-inducing factor in dystrophic muscle cell culture experimental model. Dystrophic primary muscle cells were submitted to LEDT, at multiple wavelengths (420 nm, 470 nm, 660 nm, and 850 nm), and evaluated after 48 h for cytotoxic effects and intracellular calcium content. TRPC-1, TRPC-6, Calsequestrin, MyoD, Myogenin, MHC-slow, MHC-fast, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-FoxO1, Myostatin, NF-κB, TNF-α, and VEGF levels were evaluated in dystrophic primary muscle cells by western blotting. The LEDT, at multiple wavelengths, treated-mdx muscle cells showed no cytotoxic effect and significant lower levels in [Ca2 +]i. The mdx muscle cells treated with LEDT showed a significant reduction of TRPC-1, NF-κB, TNF-α and MyoD levels and a significant increase of Myogenin, MHC-slow, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-FoxO1 levels, and VEGF levels. Our findings suggest that different LEDT wavelengths modulate the Akt-signaling pathways and attenuate pathological events in dystrophic muscle cells, and a combined multiwavelength irradiation protocol may even provide a potentially therapeutic strategy for muscular dystrophies.
... Human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with either a 475 nm, 516 nm, or 635 nm light, using a 24 J/cm 2 daily dose, showed increased migration and proliferation of the endothelial cells [48]. Human skin rejuvenation treatments use doses ranging from 0.1 to 120 J/ cm 2 using red and infrared LEDT [49,50]. Another experimental study in mice using 635 nm red and 945 nm infrared LED (4 J/cm 2 ) after a muscular injury caused by Bothrops as per snake venom showed significantly reduced myonecrosis [51]. ...
... Human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with either a 475 nm, 516 nm, or 635 nm light, using a 24 J/cm 2 daily dose, showed increased migration and proliferation of the endothelial cells [48]. Human skin rejuvenation treatments use doses ranging from 0.1 to 120 J/ cm 2 using red and infrared LEDT [49,50]. Another experimental study in mice using 635 nm red and 945 nm infrared LED (4 J/cm 2 ) after a muscular injury caused by Bothrops as per snake venom showed significantly reduced myonecrosis [51]. ...
... Another interesting point on the use of radiation to control clinical conditions is the effects of light on the regulation of human circadian rhythm, in which light is used to regulate the human behavior. Applications include the treatment of diseases and disturbances such as problems related to shift work, intercontinental jet lag, space flight, depression, seasonal affective disorder, or bipolar disorder [266,267]. M. G. Figueiro and co-workers, for instance, recently reported that the use of cool white light in offices is able to reduce sleepiness and increase alertness and vitality of workers [268]. ...
Phosphor-converted white-light-emitting diodes (PC-WLEDs) are the main devices behind solid-state lighting (SSL) for both indoor and outdoor lighting, or backlight of liquid-crystal displays (LCD). Nonetheless, despite the current maturity of such devices, some concerns on spectral distribution, reliability, and color qualities of WLEDs for lighting, or even the enhancement of the color gamut of backlight WLEDs still need to be addressed while those achievements lie in the design of high-efficient downshifting converter phosphors featuring thermally-stable luminescence. Additionally, the application of PC-WLEDs in indoor farming and in phototherapy have also been envisaged, however, to fulfill such needs, LEDs are far away in performance compared to those lamps used in lighting. In this context, herein, we overview the state-of-the-art of phosphors able to be used as downshifting converter coatings in LEDs for application in lighting, phototherapy, indoor farming, and photo-therapy as well as issues to be overcome and means to achieve it. The main classes of materials discussed here include Eu 3+ , Eu 2+ , Ce 3+ , Mn 2+ and/or Mn 4+-activated inorganic phosphors, quantum dots, and complexes. Finally, several figures of merit able to qualify the device performance considering photometry, colorimetry, and light impact on human or plant physiology are presented.
... Their study was nonrandomized, noncontrolled, and partially blinded. 40 A number of additional studies have also been published, [41][42][43][44] yielding variable results as summarized in Table 1. This summary table excludes self-reported and subjective outcomes that almost all studies included as part of their results. ...
Background
Low level light therapy is a recent aaddition to the pantheon of light-based therapeutic interventions. Termed “photobiomodulation”, the absorption of red/near infrared light energy induces enhancement of mitochondrial ATP production, cell signaling and growth factor synthesis and attenuates oxidative stress. Photobiomodulation is highly commercialized with devices marketed directly to the consumer. In the grey area between the commercial and therapeutic sectors, harnessing the clinical potential in reproducible and scientifically measurable ways remains challenging.
Objectives
This article presents a summary of the clinical evidence for photobiomodulation and discusses the regulatory framework for low level light therapy
Methods
A review of the clinical literature pertaining to the use of low level light therapy for skin rejuvenation (facial rhytids and dyschromias), acne vulgaris, wound healing, body contouring and androgenic alopecia was performed.
Results
A reasonable body of clinical trial evidence exists in support of the role of low energy red/near infrared light as a safe and effective method of skin rejuvenation, treatment of acne vulgaris, alopecia and, especially, body contouring. Methodological flaws, small patient cohorts and industry funding mean there is ample scope to improve the quality of evidence. It remains unclear if LED-based light sources induces physiologic effects of the nature and magnitude of laser-based systems which were used in most of the higher quality studies.
Conclusions
Low level light therapy is here to stay. However, its ubiquity and commercial success has outpaced the empirical approach on which solid clinical evidence is established. Thus, the challenge is to prove its therapeutic utility in retrospect. Well-designed, adequately powered, independent clinical trials will help us answer some of the unresolved questions and enable the potential of this therapy to be realized.
