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Food is intricate, and food quality and safety are indispensable elements. With the rising public demands for safe and nutritious food products, a range of innovative, interdisciplinary, and multidimensional concepts have emerged in the last few decades. Nanozymes, apart from their therapeutic efficacies, are gaining increasing interest in safety a...
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... 3 O 4 nanozymes exhibiting single-enzyme catalase activity were found to have good selectivity and reproducibility in detecting calcium present in milk samples with a LOD of 4 μM ( Mu et al. 2014). Table 1 represents the typical singlestep reactions carried out by enzymes and examples of respective nanozymes. ...Similar publications
Food quality control is of utmost importance for human safety and health, requiring efficient and reliable analytical methods for food analysis. The advantageous features as versatility, simplicity, reproducibility, accuracy, and relatively low cost have enabled 3D printing techniques to be employed in the design of portable sensors for the detecti...
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... This problem has gained increasing attention due to its potential impact on consumer health. Nanozyme-based strategies have emerged as valuable tools for addressing these challenges, offering high sensitivity, rapid detection, and cost-effectiveness (Payal et al., 2021). For instance, a portable colorimetric sensing platform for detecting mercury ions (Hg 2+ ) utilized chitosan-functionalized molybdenum (IV) selenide nanosheets (CS-MoSe 2 NS) and relied on the in-situ reduction of chitosan-captured Hg 2+ ions on the MoSe 2 NS surface, which activated dual peroxidase-and oxidase-like activities. ...
... Nitrite inhibited the catalytic and electrocatalytic processes of the oxidation of TMB, allowing for the detection of nitrite in linear ranges. The sensor was successfully applied to detect nitrite in sausage samples Payal et al., 2021). These innovative nanozyme sensing strategies are not limited to the aforementioned ions but extend to others, including Ag+ and Cu 2+ ions in drinking water samples (Noreldeen et al., 2022). ...
... In the realm of food technology, the utilization of nanozymes and nano-sized vitamins and minerals has emerged as a promising avenue for elevating the nutritive quality of our food (Payal et al., 2021). One notable application is the role of nanozymes in combatting enzymatic browning, a natural process that affects the aesthetic and nutritional appeal of many fruits and vegetables. ...
Advancements are consistently pursued in the field of food science and technology, and have ensured the objective of enhancing the quality, safety, and sustainability of food products. The integration of nanotechnology with enzymology has given rise to nanozymes, which are nanoscale structures that are fabricated using enzymes or enzyme mimetics. These nanozymes are nano-enzymes that have attracted significant interest due to their potential to bring about a paradigm shift in multiple dimensions of food processing and development. Traditional enzymes have long been instrumental in enhancing the attributes of food, from flavor modification to texture optimization and nutrient enhancement. However, nano-enzymes introduce a transformative dimension by capitalizing on nanoscale materials and structures. These nanostructures exhibit unique properties, including enhanced stability, heightened catalytic activity, and the ability to precisely target specific reactions within food systems. This amalgamation of nanotechnology and enzymology presents a promising avenue for overcoming some of the persistent challenges in the food industry. This chapter aims to provide an in-depth exploration of nano-enzymes in the context of food science and technology. It will comprehensively examine their types, characteristics, principles of detection of contaminants and pathogens using Nanozyme, applications, characterization techniques, safety considerations, and the potential implications for food product development. By elucidating the diverse roles and capabilities of nano-enzymes, this review seeks to offer valuable IMPACT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 232 Chapter 10 Shayista et al., 2024 insights into their role as catalysts of innovation in the food industry, delves into the intriguing realm of nanozymes, shedding light on their origins, properties, and the transformative impact they hold for diverse scientific applications in the food industry.
... Nanozymes which function as biosensors is useful in monitoring food safety and quality (Arshad et al., 2022). It is useful in detecting foodborne pathogens, toxins, heavy metals, pesticides, antibiotic and drug residues in foods (Payal et al., 2021;Lang et al., 2022). Furthermore, the application of nanozymes help to extend the shelf life of food, ensure that nutritive properties of food products are maintained, develop nanovitamins and improve packaging materials which possess spoilage indicators (Baker, 2020). ...
The advent of nanotechnology in the twentieth century and its application in various aspects of food production, processing, and packaging offers a lot of benefits to the increasing world population facing food shortages, malnutrition, hunger, and foodborne illnesses, especially in developing countries. However, public health concerns, ethical considerations, and arguments over labeling of food products containing nanoparticles could influence the level of acceptability of the product by consumers. There are many commercial nanofoods of high quality manufactured by leading food companies in the world. The various types of nanomaterials used in the food industry, research findings from recent studies on nanomodified foods, and public health risk associated with ingestion of nanoparticles in foods are discussed. In addition, the permissible limit of some nanoparticles in food, existing laws and regulations on nanofoods, and the challenges limiting wide availability of nanofoods in developing countries are looked into in detail.
... In order to overcome the drawbacks of the above traditional detection technologies, food sensors based on various nanomaterials and biomolecules have been continuously constructed, such as fluorescent, colorimetric, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS, a non-destructive spectral detection method) sensors, which can quickly and easily detect food contaminants with inexpensive equipment [10][11][12][13]. With strong specificity, high selectivity and sensitivity, convenience, and fast operation, the biosensor detection technology that can realize online addition has been widely used in food safety, ...
Food safety has increasingly become a human health issue that concerns all countries in the world. Some substances in food that can pose a significant threat to human health include, but are not limited to, pesticides, biotoxins, antibiotics, pathogenic bacteria, food quality indicators, heavy metals, and illegal additives. The traditional methods of food contaminant detection have practical limitations or analytical defects, restricting their on-site application. Hydrogels with the merits of a large surface area, highly porous structure, good shape-adaptability, excellent biocompatibility, and mechanical stability have been widely studied in the field of food safety sensing. The classification, response mechanism, and recent application of hydrogel-based biosensors in food safety are reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, the challenges and future trends of hydrogel biosensors are also discussed.
... Therefore, during the experiment it is very important to carefully study the influence of other substances on the accuracy of the measurement in order to exclude the possibility of the influence of interferents and to distinguish a false increase in concentration due to the influence of foreign substances from an increase caused by a disease. In addition to medicine, rapid and accurate determination and control of the H 2 O 2 concentration is an important task in many other areas, including pharmaceuticals [27], [28], food production [29]- [32], and environmental protection [33]. ...
This article describes the synthesis of nanostructured cobalt oxide on iron wires and its application for the detection of hydrogen peroxide as working electrode for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. Cobalt oxide was obtained by the hydrothermal synthesis method using chloride and acetate anions. The resulting nanostructured coating obtained from the chloride precursor is a uniform homogeneous porous network of long nanofibers assembled into regular honeyсomb-like formations. In the case of an acetate precursor, instead of nanofibers, petal-like nanostructures assembled into honeycomb agglomerates are observed. The structure, surface, and composition of the obtained samples were studied using field-emission scanning electron microscopy along with energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry.
The resultant nanostructured specimens were utilized to detect H 2 O 2 electrochemically through cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and i-t measurements. A comparative research has demonstrated that the nanostructures produced from the chloride precursor exhibit greater sensitivity to H 2 O 2 and have a more appropriate morphology for designing a nanostructured sensor. A substantial linear correlation between the peak current and H 2 O 2 concentration within the 20 to 1300 μM range was established. The Co 3 O 4 electrode obtained exhibits a sensitivity of 505.11 μA·mM ⁻¹ , and the electroactive surface area is calculated to be 4.684 cm ² . Assuming a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, the calculated limit of detection is 1.05 μM. According to the interference study, the prevalent interfering agents, such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, NaCl, and glucose, do not influence the electrochemical reaction. The obtained results confirm that this sensor is suitable for working with complex analytes.The actual sample assessment demonstrated a recovery rate exceeding 95 %.
... Their robust detection capabilities and potential for future-oriented applications make them particularly attractive for utilization in this sector [43]. In contrast to their natural enzyme counterparts, nanozymes possess several advantageous features including cost effectiveness [44], facile scalability for mass production [45], resilience towards harsh environmental conditions [46], prolonged storage capability [47], exceptional stability, and the ability to customize their activities as per specific requirements [45]. Nanozymes have demonstrated tremendous potential in surpassing the limitations of conventional enzymes within the field of analyses. ...
... Their robust detection capabilities and potential for future-oriented applications make them particularly attractive for utilization in this sector [43]. In contrast to their natural enzyme counterparts, nanozymes possess several advantageous features including cost effectiveness [44], facile scalability for mass production [45], resilience towards harsh environmental conditions [46], prolonged storage capability [47], exceptional stability, and the ability to customize their activities as per specific requirements [45]. Nanozymes have demonstrated tremendous potential in surpassing the limitations of conventional enzymes within the field of analyses. ...
... Due to their distinctive advantages and comparable catalytic capabilities to enzymes, nanozymes have garnered increasing attention for their applications in detection. Specifically for pathogen detection, nanozymes offer a simplified preparation and purification process compared to natural enzymes, obviating the need for intricate equipment or instruments [45]. Motivated by extensive research on nanozymes and an increasingly profound understanding of nanoscale particles, contemporary preparations of nanozymes have exhibited reduced time requirements and demonstrated efficacy in meeting diverse analytical demands [66]. ...
Pathogen detection and control have long presented formidable challenges in the domains of medicine and public health. This review paper underscores the potential of nanozymes as emerging bio-mimetic enzymes that hold promise in effectively tackling these challenges. The key features and advantages of nanozymes are introduced, encompassing their comparable catalytic activity to natural enzymes, enhanced stability and reliability, cost effectiveness, and straightforward preparation methods. Subsequently, the paper delves into the detailed utilization of nanozymes for pathogen detection. This includes their application as biosensors, facilitating rapid and sensitive identification of diverse pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and plasmodium. Furthermore, the paper explores strategies employing nanozymes for pathogen control, such as the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), HOBr/Cl regulation, and clearance of extracellular DNA to impede pathogen growth and transmission. The review underscores the vast potential of nanozymes in pathogen detection and control through numerous specific examples and case studies. The authors highlight the efficiency, rapidity, and specificity of pathogen detection achieved with nanozymes, employing various strategies. They also demonstrate the feasibility of nanozymes in hindering pathogen growth and transmission. These innovative approaches employing nanozymes are projected to provide novel options for early disease diagnoses, treatment, and prevention. Through a comprehensive discourse on the characteristics and advantages of nanozymes, as well as diverse application approaches, this paper serves as a crucial reference and guide for further research and development in nanozyme technology. The expectation is that such advancements will significantly contribute to enhancing disease control measures and improving public health outcomes.
... Since then, nanozymes have been developed using diverse types of nanomaterials such as carbon-based nanomaterials [28, 29], metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [30], covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) [31], noble metal NPs [32], and semiconductor metal oxide NPs [33]. Considering the plethora of nanomaterials with enzymemimicking properties, nanozymes have been comprehensively explored for various applications such as biosensing [34], disease diagnosis and therapy [35, 36], environmental remediation [37, 38], and food safety [39,40]. The growing interest in nanozymes for diverse applications is well supported by the consistent increase in the number of publications made on this domain across the past decade ( Fig. 1). ...
Nanozymes are synthetic compounds with enzyme-like tunable catalytic properties. The success of nanozymes for catalytic applications can be attributed to their small dimensions, cost-effective synthesis, appreciable stability, and scalability to molecular dimensions. The emergence of single atom nanozymes (SANzymes) has opened up new possibilities in bioanalytical applications. In this regard, this review outlines enzyme-mimicking features of SANzymes for food safety applications in relation to the key variables controlling their catalytic performance. The discussion is extended further to cover the applications of SANzymes for the monitoring of various compounds/biomaterials of significance with respect to food safety (e.g., pesticides, veterinary drug residues, foodborne pathogenic bacteria, mycotoxins/bacterial endotoxin, antioxidant residues, hydrogen peroxide residues, and heavy metal ions). Furthermore, the performance of SANzymes is evaluated in terms of various performance metrics such as limit of detection (LOD), linear dynamic range, and figure of merit (FoM). The challenges and future road map for the applications of SANzymes are also addressed along with their upscaling in the area of food safety.
... Food is inherently biological and can support the growth of microorganisms, which are potential sources of foodborne disease outbreaks and cause many illnesses and deaths worldwide (Falasconi et al., 2012;Fung, Wang, & Menon, 2018). As highlighted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020, foodborne diseases with symptoms range from mild gastroenteritis (characterized by diarrhea, colic, nausea, vomiting, and fever) to neurological, hepatic, and renal syndromes which affect about 600 million people (almost 1 in 10 worldwide) (Fung et al., 2018;Payal et al., 2021). In the United States of America, approximately 76 million foodborne illness cases, leading to 32,500 hospitalizations and 5,000 mortality, are confirmed each year (Falasconi et al., 2012). ...
In recent years, microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) produced by microbial metabolism have attracted more and more attention because they can be used to detect food early contamination and flaws. So far, many analytical methods have been reported for the determination of mVOCs in food, but few integrated review articles discussing these methods are published. Consequently, mVOCs as indicators of food microbiological contamination and their generation mechanism including carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism are introduced. Meanwhile, a detailed summary of the mVOCs sampling methods such as headspace, purge trap, solid phase microextraction, and needle trap is presented, and a systematic and critical review of the analytical methods (ion mobility spectrometry, electronic nose, biosensor, and so on) of mVOCs and their application in the detection of food microbial contamination is highlighted. Finally, the future concepts that can help improve the detection of food mVOCs are prospected.
... Sudan is frequently employed as a synthetic pigment in food additives, and the IARC has classified Sudan I, II, III and IV as animal carcinogens [81]. Sudan's consumption for improving the appearance and color of food products has been outlawed in China by the Food and Drug Administration [82]. ...
Food safety issues caused by foodborne pathogens, chemical pollutants, and heavy metals have aroused widespread concern because they are closely related to human health. Nanozyme-based biosensors have excellent characteristics such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness and have been used to detect the risk factors in foods. In this work, the common detection methods for pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, heavy metals, pesticide residues, veterinary drugs, and illegal additives are firstly reviewed. Then, the principles and applications of immunosensors based on various nanozymes are reviewed and explained. Applying nanozymes to the detection of pathogenic bacteria holds great potential for real-time evaluation and detection protocols for food risk factors.
... To overcome the drawbacks of conventional detection techniques, vast efforts have been made in developing new sensing methods for detecting food contaminants in a speedy and facile manner with less technical operators and inexpensive equipment. In the past decades, the fabrication of various sensors including colorimetric, fluorescent, electrochemical, and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors, etc., have been heatedly investigated for food safety monitoring based on various nanomaterials and biomolecules Payal et al., 2021;Scognamiglio et al., 2014;Wang, Sun, et al., 2021). For fabricating a sensor, the sensing matrix used plays an important role in determining the sensing sensitivity and stability. ...
Background
Access to safe food is critical for human health. Therefore, efficient sensing of hazardous substances in food is highly demanded. Hydrogels with three-dimensional polymer network structures have advantages of large surface area, easy-to-functionalize structure, excellent biocompatibility, flexibility, and mechanical stability. In recent years, stimuli-responsive hydrogels have aroused great attention in the sensing field for food safety monitoring.
Scope and approach
In order to obtain a better comprehension on the recent advances of hydrogels in real-time food safety monitoring, this current review presents the recent applications of hydrogel-based materials in developing various sensors for determination of harmful substances in food. The applications are compared, discussed, and summarized depending on the mode of signal transduction. The sensing mechanism of each application are outlined, and the role of hydrogels in each sensing strategy are highlighted. Challenges faced by hydrogel-based sensors and future trends are also discussed.
Key findings and conclusions
Hydrogel-based materials have demonstrated admirable performance when employed in food safety monitoring based on the target triggered optical, electrical, chemical, or biological signals analyzable by transduction systems. Despite hydrogel-based materials have exhibited great potential, continuous efforts are still needed before they could be widely used in commercialized food safety control systems. With the development of novel synthesis and functionalization strategies, hydrogel-based sensors are expected to further promote the efficiency of food safety sensing. What's more, through combination with smart sensing devices, the hydrogel-based sensors are facing remarkable improvements in the applicability of the fabricated sensing systems.
... The following sections will describe the 1) catalytic mechanism of nanomaterials-based enzymes, 2) applications of nanozymes in food industry, 3) schemes to improve substrate specificity of nanozymes, 4) nanozymes importance for the detection of food contaminants. For analytical studies of foodstuff and their vitality for human health, uttermost form of nanomaterials which could act as enzymes are peroxidase, catalase as well as oxidase, these could be applied for detection of any kind of adulteration, toxicity as well as other illegal analytes in our food products which we will elaborate with some examples and principle of action [10]. ...
... In the whole halogen family iodide ion possess prominent as well as fast irreversible inhibition effect of nanomaterials for peroxidase like activity and indicate the reason due to bonding among composite materials also cause blockage of functional centers of enzyme. The assembly also indicate that halides pounding capability was based upon exterior surface as well as intrinsic characteristics of modified materials applied [10]. ...
... Latterly, a new trending NLISA methodology was developed for uttermost sensitive resolution of the allergens in milk samples of cow with the application of βlactoglobulin as biological measure for proteins of milk. In contrast to this assay, writer ambition was to enhance limit of detection by applying platinum nanoparticles which possess peroxidase like catalytical activity mounted with different antibodies and horseradish peroxidase molecule as new technique for signaling [10]. ...
The book presents recent advances in the field of nanoenzymes and the immobilization of enzymes in nanomaterials. Applications include disease diagnosis, environmental clean-up, biosensor manufacturing, drug delivery and vaccine production.
