Figure 7 - Application of computational fluid dynamics in building performance simulation for the outdoor environment: An overview

CFD validation studies of wind-driven rain on building facades. (a) VLIET test building in Leuven, Belgium (Blocken and Carmeliet 2005). (b) Catch ratio contours on the south-west facade after a rain event with south-west wind direction (Blocken and Carmeliet 2007b); (c) Cathedral of Learning; (d) Cathedral of Learning with surface soiling patterns (courtesy of Christopher Bailey 2010); (e) Catch ratios on the south-west facade for different reference wind speeds (Tang and Davidson 2004 – © Elsevier, reproduced with permission); (f) Hunting Lodge St. Hubertus in the Netherlands, with indication of moisture related damage (Briggen et al. 2009); (g) Comparison of measured (left) and simulated (right) catch ratios at the end of a rain event with wind direction perpendicular to the facade (Briggen et al. 2009).

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Reference

Application of computational fluid dynamics in building performance simulation for the outdoor environment: An overview - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/CFD-validation-studies-of-wind-driven-rain-on-building-facades-a-VLIET-test-building_fig7_233089413 [accessed 12 Jun 2025]

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Figure 7. CFD validation studies of wind-driven rain on building facades. (a) VLIET test building in Leuven, Belgium (Blocken and Carmeliet 2005). (b) Catch ratio contours on the south-west facade after a rain event with south-west wind direction (Blocken and Carmeliet 2007b); (c) Cathedral of Learning; (d) Cathedral of Learning with surface soiling patterns (courtesy of Christopher Bailey 2010); (e) Catch ratios on the south-west facade for different reference wind speeds (Tang and Davidson 2004 – © Elsevier, reproduced with permission); (f) Hunting Lodge St. Hubertus in the Netherlands, with indication of moisture related damage (Briggen et al. 2009); (g) Comparison of measured (left) and simulated (right) catch ratios at the end of a rain event with wind direction perpendicular to the facade (Briggen et al. 2009).

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<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/CFD-validation-studies-of-wind-driven-rain-on-building-facades-a-VLIET-test-building_fig7_233089413"><img src="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jan-Hensen/publication/233089413/figure/fig7/AS:300415481597965@1448636040474/CFD-validation-studies-of-wind-driven-rain-on-building-facades-a-VLIET-test-building.png" alt="CFD validation studies of wind-driven rain on building facades. (a) VLIET test building in Leuven, Belgium (Blocken and Carmeliet 2005). (b) Catch ratio contours on the south-west facade after a rain event with south-west wind direction (Blocken and Carmeliet 2007b); (c) Cathedral of Learning; (d) Cathedral of Learning with surface soiling patterns (courtesy of Christopher Bailey 2010); (e) Catch ratios on the south-west facade for different reference wind speeds (Tang and Davidson 2004 – © Elsevier, reproduced with permission); (f) Hunting Lodge St. Hubertus in the Netherlands, with indication of moisture related damage (Briggen et al. 2009); (g) Comparison of measured (left) and simulated (right) catch ratios at the end of a rain event with wind direction perpendicular to the facade (Briggen et al. 2009)."/></a>