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CAD design of the permanent resin infusion/curing mold (left) and bottom mold cross-sectional views (right) (Jiang et al., 2014)
Source publication
A new approach to manufacture biocomposite sandwich structure is introduced with all materials naturally derived, including jute, flax and cellulose textile as reinforcement skin; mycelium-bound agricultural waste as lightweight cores; and a soy-based bioresin as a matrix. This new material could be used to replace many of the plastic products that...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... temperature for resin curing (140˚C) and then cooled down rapidly (water cooling) for part removal and the next work cycle; Adequate mold sealing so that resin does not leak when the mold is filled or heated and Simple operation by one worker. A CAD model of the permanent mold design and cross-sectional views of the bottom mold are shown in Fig. 5. Both molds were machined from aluminum stock, and cartridge heaters were evenly distributed throughout both molds with sufficient power per the heat transfer analysis in Section 3.3. Cooling water channels were machined into both molds to allow rapid mold cooling. Based on experiments described in Section 3.2, resin inlet/outlet ports ...
Context 2
... result of the Abaqus simulation is shown in Fig. 15, where Nodes 1, 2 and 3 are unique nodes selected for analysis located on the top skin, center of the core and bottom of the bottom skin. Based on the Von Mises contour plot obtained, Node 2 and 3 are where the most severe tensile stresses located in the core material and skin reinforcements. The stress and strain of all nodes within ...
Context 3
... the maximum stress of Node 2 under the three-point bending load, which lies in the bottom of the core, was recorded to compare with the allowed value provided by the collaborator shown in Table 5. Meanwhile, the simulated stress at Node 3 that locates in the middle of the skin reinforcements bottom where the maximum tensile stress occurred in Fig. 15 could be used to compare to the measured average facial stress listed in Table 8 to tell whether under this indenter travel distance the skin material has yielded. The stress values of both reinforcements at Node 2 are listed in Table 10, while a comparison between simulated stresses and measured average stresses at Node 3 is listed in ...
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Citations
... The foams were formulated recently [19,24], however, some details of production and the fungal species involved, remain undocumented. Sandwiches and hybrids have also been formulated incorporating resins in different substrates, obtaining variable results [16,17,25], some with the disadvantage of including non-compostable materials in the composition of composites [20]. Haneef et al. [23] carried out a revision and characterization of these materials using strains of Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus. ...
Fresh basidiomes of species belonging to the genera Aurantiporus, Ganoderma, Lentinus, and Panus species were collected from a cloud forest patch located in a natural protected area. Tissue portions of the fresh basidiomes were excised and grown in axenic culture with potato dextrose medium at 27 °C obtaining six strains. Additionally, a commercial strain of Pleurotus ostreatus was included for comparison with previous works. Mycelium films were obtained and morpho-anatomic characterized considering the main features. After that, the films were dried at room temperature and pressed at 7.5 g/cm². SEM images were taken with a scanning electron microscope, and mechanical and thermo gravimetric analyses were carried out. The tensile modulus values obtained vary between 3.5 and 128.8 MPa and the tensile strength values between 0.27 and 1.5 MPa. The density was not uniform and is not related to the mechanical performance. The Maximum decomposition temperature of the mycelium films was reached at around 300 °C. The results showed significant differences in physic-mechanical behavior of mycelium films obtained with different fungal species, some of them with promissory characteristics for biotechnological applications.
... The foams were formulated recently [19,24], however, some details of production and the fungal species involved, remain undocumented. Sandwiches and hybrids have also been formulated incorporating resins in different substrates, obtaining variable results [16,17,25], some with the disadvantage of including non-compostable materials in the composition of composites [20]. Haneef et al. [23] carried out a revision and characterization of these materials using strains of Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus. ...
Fresh basidiomes of species belonging to the genera Aurantiporus, Ganoderma, Lentinus, and Panus species were collected from a cloud forest patch located in a natural protected area. Tissue portions of the fresh basidiomes were excised and grown in axenic culture with potato dextrose medium at 27 °C obtaining six strains. Additionally, a commercial strain of Pleurotus ostreatus was included for comparison with previous works. Mycelium films were obtained and morpho-anatomic characterized considering the main features. After that, the films were dried at room temperature and pressed at 7.5 g/cm2. SEM images were taken with a scanning electron microscope, and mechanical and thermo gravimetric analyses were carried out. The tensile modulus values obtained vary between 3.5 and 128.8 MPa and the tensile strength values between 0.27 and 1.5 MPa. The density was not uniform and is not related to the mechanical performance. The Maximum decomposition temperature of the mycelium films was reached at around 300 °C. The results showed significant differences in physic-mechanical behavior of mycelium films obtained with different fungal species, some of them with promissory characteristics for biotechnological applications.
One of the novel ways of producing low-cost and environmentally-friendly bioresins is through the growth of fungal mycelium. In this chapter, the most popular fungal species and cultivation substrates are introduced, followed by factors that affect the synthesis of biopolymers, which include nutritional factors, modes of cultivation, environmental factors, as well as required mineral elements. Finally, a comprehensive literature review is provided which involves most of the research and studies performed regarding the growth of fungal mycelium in making biomaterials to date. Fungal mycelium-based biomaterials are new and promising future engineering materials that are expected to be widely used in the industry in the future.KeywordsBioresinSubstratesMyceliumBasidiomycota
Pleurotus
