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Buthus kunti sp. n., subadult male paratype from Zafer headland.  

Buthus kunti sp. n., subadult male paratype from Zafer headland.  

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During the last decade, several contributions to the genus Buthus Leach, 1815 (family Buthidae) and especially to the 'Buthus occitanus' species complex were proposed. These contributions led to the definition of several species, previously considered only as subspecies or varieties, and also to the description of new species. In the present study,...

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... The use of parenthesis is only to be made when a species is changed from one genus to another (ICZN article 51.3), which is clearly not the case with B. israelis. Yağmur, Koç and Lourenço (2011), this species is rare in the island. Distribution. ...
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Since the publication of the ground-breaking "Catalogue of the scorpions of the world (1758-1998)" (Fet et al. 2000) the number of species in the scorpion genus Buthus Leach, 1815 has increased 10-fold, and this genus is now the fourth largest within the Buthidae, with 52 valid named species. Here we revise and update the available information regarding Buthus. A new combination is proposed: Buthus halius (C. L. Koch, 1839), comb. n. from Portugal and Spain. B. halius is removed from junior synonymy with Buthus occitanus (Amoreux, 1789), and proposed as a senior synonym of B. ibericus Lourenço & Vachon, 2004, syn. n. Moreover, following I.C.Z.N. article 23.9.2 we propose to maintain as valid B. ibericus(nomen protectum) and to consider the disued B. halius as a nomen oblitum . Buthus europaeus tridentatus Franganillo, 1918 is proposed as a junior synonym of B. occitanus (Amoreux, 1789), syn. n.Buthus sabulicola Touloun, 2012 is proposed as a junior synonym of Buthus bonito Lourenço & Geniez, 2005, syn. n.Buthus occitanus tunetanus neeli Gysin, 1969 is proposed as an informal senior synonym of Buthus tassili Lourenço, 2002, informal syn. n. Two taxa are rised to species rank, Buthus nigrovesiculosus Hirst, 1925, stat. n. and Buthus parroti Vachon, 1949, stat. n.. We further confirm the restricted distribution of B. occitanus that is confined to southeastern France and northwestern Iberian Peninsula and does not occur in North Africa. Additionally, Androctonus barbouri (Werner, 1932), comb. n. from the Agadir region of Morocco, is hereby transferred to the genus Androctonus. We summarize and provide a critical appraisal of the diagnostic characters currently in use for the genus. The catalogue section considers the names for species, subspecies and varieties that have been used for Buthus scorpions. Information about types, including collection numbers and localities are included when available. Finally, an annotated listing of synonymies and an updated bibliography are given.
... Most of the new species have been discovered and described from North African countries [3][4][5] and in several cases these were from sub-Saharan regions [1,2,4,6,7]. A smaller number of new species has also been described from European countries [8][9][10][11], and in all instances, species were found in mesic environments compared to those of true deserticolous species. ...
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Since the early 2000s, the genus Buthus Leach,1815 (family Buthidae) has been the subject of an important number of studies. These concerned particularly the species belonging to the ‘Buthus occitanus’ complex. A number of populations previously considered as subspecies or varieties of B. occitanus Leach were raised to the rank of species, but also many new species have been described. Most of the species considered in these studies come from North Africa, in particular from Morocco, Mauritania, Chad, Sudan and Egypt, but only two new species were recorded from Algeria. At present, one more new species of Buthus is described from the Algerian Saharan Desert, raising the number of confirmed Buthus in Algeria to five. Since most Buthus species from North Africa, and in particular those from Algeria, inhabit more mesic environments than the Saharan Central compartment, the new species appears as the first true deserticolous species found in this country.
... An exhaustive listing of recently described species is given in Sousa et al. (2012). The genus ranges from southern France to the Iberian Peninsula, and then to the African continent, including the Maghreb region, and Mauritania, Guinea, Senegal and Niger in the southern parts of the Sahara Desert, the Horn of Africa, Arabian Peninsula and also on the island of Cyprus (Fet & Lowe 2000; KovaÍìk 2006 KovaÍìk , 2011 Lourenço, 2002 Lourenço, , 2003 Lourenço, , 2005a Lourenço, ,b, 2008 Lourenço & Slimani 2004; Lourenço & Vachon 2004; Lourenço et al. 2010; Ya—mur et al. 2011; Toulon & Boumez zough 2011; Lourenço et al. 2012a,b; Lourenço & Leguin 2012; Lourenço & Simon 2012; Rossi 2012). The Maghreb is known to harbour 19 Buthus species, 14 of which are endemic to Morocco, two to Tunisia and one to southern Algeria, while two species are distributed across the entire region (e.g. ...
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... E. italicus could have been transported via sea to this harbour and generate a population in human settlement. Two endemic for Cyprus scorpion species, Mesobuthus cyprius and Buthus kunti (Buthidae) which are, have recorded from this island until now ( Gantenbein & KropF 2000, Yağmur et al. 2011). Euscorpius italicus not only third scorpion species for Cyprus (and second family) but also it is first non-endemic species for Cyprus scorpion fauna. ...
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... Since the publications by Lourenço (2002), a more precise definition of the Buthus species belonging to the 'Buthus occitanus' complex, was attempted, followed by the description of several new species and the promotion of some subspecies to species rank (Lourenço, 2002Lourenço, , 2005Lourenço, , 2008 Lourenço & Slimani, 2004; Lourenço & Vachon, 2004; Lourenço & Qi, 2006; Lourenço et al., 2009a Lourenço et al., , 2010). This procedure, started by Lourenço, was also followed by other authors (Kovařík, , 2011 Yağmur et al., 2011). With a few exceptions, most of the recent studies focused on the species distributed in north-western Africa, while little attention was given to the species of the north-eastern regions (). ...
... Curiously, Simon associated also to his new species one specimen from Cyprus, registered under the same number 3228. This specimen was recently studied and proved to be a new species of Buthus described from Cyprus (Yağmur et al., 2011). The Alexandria specimens cited by Simon, however, remained enigmatic. ...
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... ), Buthus bonito (Lourenço & Geniez, 2005) et Buthus elmoutaouakili (Lourenço et Qi, 2006). L'étude d'un matériel collecté sur la région de Boumalene au centre-est du Maroc amène à la description d'une nouvelle espèce, Buthus boumalenii sp. ...
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Une nouvelle espèce du genre Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) et du complexe "Buthus occitanus " est décrite de la région de Boumalene au Maroc. La découverte de Buthus boumalenii sp. n. élève le nombre d'espèces du genre Buthus connues du Maroc à quatorze et confirme davantage que ce complexe correspond à un groupe isolé d'espèces: "le groupe atlasique". A new species of Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpions: Buthidae) from Morocco Abstract: A new species of the genus Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) belonging to the "Buthus occitanus" com-plex is described from the region of Boumalene in Morocco. The description of Buthus boumalenii sp. n. raises the total number of Buthus species known from Morocco to fourteen and confirms that this complex is an isolated group of species, "the Atlas group". Nueva especie de Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) de Marruecos Resumen: Se describe una nueva especie del género Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) y complejo "Buthus occita-nus" de la región de Boumalene, en Marruecos. El descubrimiento de Buthus boumalenii sp. n. eleva el número de especies del género Buthus conocidas de Marruecos a catorce y confirma que este complejo es un grupo aislado de especies, "el grupo del Atlas".
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Despite the medical importance of North African scorpions, many aspects of their ecology which may be important to understand envenoming patterns throughout their range, remain understudied. The region of Souss-Massa in central Morocco exhibits a high incidence of scorpion envenomings, with 29 437 cases reported between 2005 and 2010, resulting in 32 deaths. In the present study, we provide an updated inventory of scorpions occurring throughout the Souss-Massa region, with additional information about their distribution and notes on preferred habitats for each species observed. Sampling was carried out at 39 stations over a three-year period: June and August 2020, April and June 2022, and July and August 2023. Twelve species belonging to two families were recovered over the course of the study. The families Buthidae and Scorpionidae were represented by eleven and a single species respectively. Overall, this represents 71% of all species reported to occur in the Souss-Massa region. Apart from Androctonus mauritanicus, A. bourdoni, A. sergenti and Hottentotta gentili which are present in and around human dwellings, all other species were found in uninhabited areas. Apart from Scorpio mogadorensis, all the species of scorpions we recovered can cause severe envenomation with potentially fatal outcomes. Field-based ecological investigations should be encouraged to gain a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of scorpion distribution patterns and habitat preference. In turn, this will inform the health-science community of the etiological factors responsible for scorpion envenoming.
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Scorpionism is a global health concern, with an estimation of over one million annual envenomation cases. Despite this, little is known regarding the drivers of scorpion venom potency. One widely held view is that smaller scorpions with less-developed chelae possess the most potent venoms. While this perception is often used as a guide for medical intervention, it has yet to be tested in a formal comparative framework. Here, we use a phylogenetic comparative analysis of 36 scorpion species to test whether scorpion venom potency, as measured using LD50, is related to scorpion body size and morphology. We found a positive relationship between LD50 and scorpion total length, supporting the perception that smaller scorpions possess more potent venoms. We also found that, independent of body size, scorpion species with long narrow chelae have higher venom potencies compared to species with more robust chelae. These results not only support the general perception of scorpion morphology and potency, but also the presence of an ecology trade-off with scorpions either selected for well-developed chelae or more potent venoms. Testing the patterns of venom variations in scorpions aids both our ecological understanding and our ability to address the global health burden of scorpionism.
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Review of all orders with maps of their geographical distribution.
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The arachnofauna of various parts of the Earth is analyzed and the particularities, endemics, relicts, and the presumed ways of formation of the fauna are outlined. Also the northern limits of the groups in the Holarctic are indicated, and the connections in the geological time are analyzed.