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There has been a growing popular fascination with how experts make rapid and effective decisions. This interest has been paralleled in various scientific research communities. Across these disciplinary boundaries, researchers have found that intuition plays a critical role in expert decision making. Therefore, an understanding of how experts develo...
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... following section provides a set of performance mechanisms that characterize expert intui- tive decision making. In addition to the discussion provided next regarding the mechanisms of performance for expertise-based intuition, we refer the reader to Table 4 where we have pro- vided some highly cited business examples and have extrapolated from the example the mechanisms of performance utilized in the decision making of the individuals involved. ...
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Citations
... Expertisebased action results from a deep and rich knowledge base from extensive experience in a field. The key to developing competence lies in well-organized knowledge structure, processing styles, practical experience, availability of feedback and performance under pressure [18]. ...
... The above literature suggests that sustainability competency development places a demand on the learning environment [16][17][18]. They include the diversity of teaching materials, teacher's knowledge structure, students' engagement, instant feedback and teamwork. ...
This empirical research creates and assesses a community interaction open-source learning framework. The framework established an efficient open-source learning environment for engineering courses to develop undergraduates’ sustainability competencies. The teaching practice of the framework was designed into three stages: course preparation, theory lecture, and project practice. In the teaching practice, community interaction elements were embedded, including community/student two-way selection, systemic teaching and difficulty discussion, expert/student negotiation on teaching forms, teacher/expert coordination on teaching contents, and expert/student two-way feedback on schedules. The interaction elements between students, teachers, and experts enhanced the effectiveness of open-source learning in engineering courses. The experimental results showed that the students exhibited a positive attitude and high participation in the learning procedure and reported a sense of achievement in the project practice. The open-source learning framework significantly improved systemic thinking, conceptual understanding, interdisciplinary collaboration and professional skills. It enhanced students’ key sustainability competencies and laid the foundation for them to become expertise-based innovators and open-source community contributors.
... In the decision-making domain, which includes design, experts subconsciously and automatically employ pattern matching once they gain problem awareness [62]. They will search for matches between their past experiences and the present situation [62], and, if an exact one is found, execute the normal remedy [1]. ...
... In the decision-making domain, which includes design, experts subconsciously and automatically employ pattern matching once they gain problem awareness [62]. They will search for matches between their past experiences and the present situation [62], and, if an exact one is found, execute the normal remedy [1]. If none is found, the experts will then search for similar patterns from their mental collection in the domain to create larger, more applicable ones. ...
... Intuition is largely based on implicit learning ( [62] citing [86]), especially from feedback and the environment. Intuitive processing, though drawing upon experience gained serially and therefore extremely slowly, is parallel in nature and rapidly integrates and organizes complex sets of cues ( [62] citing [87]) -and is right most of the time [1,62]. ...
By researching the existing literature for the abilities and conditions necessary for people to successfully solve engineering design problems, this chapter uncovers a consistent pattern of the cognitive processes involved and explains many of the intrinsic behaviors displayed by designers. Limitations in working memory size explain the use of several design-solution achievement devices: pattern matching ; early single-solution conjecture; iteration; co-evolution of problem and solution; and intuition. In addition, learning and creating are found to be similar processes, with both requiring and building upon domain experience, in this case actual designing. Similar too are the processes of seeing and imagining, so that von Helmholtz's dictum that 'visual sensations are stronger than acts of the intellect' can be applied to the solving of engineering design problems. This leads to an explanation for another set of intrinsic designer behaviors: a preference for visualizing solutions (over using abstract analysis); single-solution conjectures; object fixation; and found-object designing. Such explanations should help guide future education and research in design.
... Complementary to rational knowledge, emotional knowledge has risen as a new source of organizational dynamics as it brings to the fore the significance of intuition in the decision-making processes. This standpoint was supported by various authors (Salas et al., 2010;Sinclair & Ashkanasy, 2005;Bratianu et al., 2021) who credit emotional knowledge as the outcome of our emotions and feelings. In this respect, the emotional universe is essentially an act performed in our body, ranging from facial expressions and postures to changes in the cornea and inner world, while emotions are complex ideas of what happens in our body and mind when we feel (Damasio, 2003). ...
Entrepreneurship refers to the undertaking of obligations and responsibilities that not only require the necessary knowledge to apply interpersonal competences, but also respect justice and the freedoms of other stakeholders. The objective of the study is to analyse individual, spiritual, and rational knowledge as antecedents to fostering interpersonal competences and to show how these competences affect entrepreneurial intention with the mediating role of civic and public engagement. Data are cross-sectional and collected via stratified random sampling from knowledge workers in faculties with a business-centric focus (i.e., business administration, economics, management, and marketing), with a total sample size of 527 respondents. The variance-based structural equation modelling technique using Smart PLS 4 is used for analysis. The results show that individual, spiritual, and rational knowledge are significant predictors of interpersonal competences among knowledge workers. The study also establishes civic and public engagement as a mediator in the relationship between interpersonal competences and entrepreneurial intention.
... Intuitive cognitive processes are particularly useful for diagnosing complex or ill-structured clinical conditions with uncertain informational elements. 11 To retain, maintain, and further develop a high-level of expertise, clinicians must be intrinsically motivated and prepared to engage in long hours of domain-specific clinical activities, immediate and important feedback practices in diagnostic performance, self-assessment and monitoring, and metacognitive activities. 11,12 These mechanisms of Figure 2. The diagnostic process. ...
... 11 To retain, maintain, and further develop a high-level of expertise, clinicians must be intrinsically motivated and prepared to engage in long hours of domain-specific clinical activities, immediate and important feedback practices in diagnostic performance, self-assessment and monitoring, and metacognitive activities. 11,12 These mechanisms of Figure 2. The diagnostic process. The information obtained from the clinical history, physical examination, diagnostic tests, referrals, and consultations is analyzed and interpreted. ...
... In general, both intuitive and analytic reasoning are used concurrently during the diagnostic process. 9,11,15,16 Cognitive misconceptions that have a role in the generation of diagnostic errors may be brought about by inadequate knowledge and by failure of cognitive information processing elements such as data collection, data interpretation and comprehension, data integration, and data-driven compliance. Inadequate meta-cognitive monitoring and reflective activities may also play a part as well as poor situational awareness and/or inadequate expert clinical judgment and reasoning. ...
Diagnostic errors are often caused by cognitive biases and sometimes by other cognitive errors, which are driven by factors specific to clinicians, patients, diseases, and health care systems. An experienced clinician diagnoses routine cases intuitively, effortlessly, and automatically through non-analytic reasoning and uses deliberate, cognitively effortful analytic reasoning to diagnose atypical or complicated clinical cases. However, diagnostic errors can never be completely avoided. To minimize the frequency of diagnostic errors, it is advisable to rely on multiple sources of information including the clinician's personal experience, expert opinion, principals of statistics, evidence-based data, and well-designed algorithms and guidelines, if available. It is also important to frequently engage in thoughtful, reflective, and metacognitive practices that can serve to strengthen the clinician's diagnostic skills, with a consequent reduction in the risk of diagnostic error. The purpose of this narrative review was to highlight certain factors that influence the genesis of diagnostic errors. Understanding the dynamic, adaptive, and complex interactions among these factors may assist clinicians, managers of health care systems, and public health policy makers in formulating strategies and guidelines aimed at reducing the incidence and prevalence of the phenomenon of clinical diagnostic error, which poses a public health hazard.
... The result is disparity between IT professionals and their non-IT colleagues that creates "silos" within an organization. IT professionals' often have deep domain-specific knowledge of an application or system (Salas, Rosen, and DiazGranados 2010). These silos can create miscommunication or disinformation between IT and non-IT professionals, which is exasperated by the depth of IT professionals' domain-specific knowledge. ...
To keep up with the demands from increasingly complex systems, information technology (IT) departments have sought IT professionals and frequently provided these individuals with privileged access to organizational systems early in their tenure. This study uses survey data obtained from the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) Research Institute, to examine occupational frauds committed by IT professionals versus frauds committed by non-IT personnel. The differences between IT and non-IT personnel can have an impact on organizational fraud. Findings show that IT perpetrators engage in fraud earlier in their tenure and generate similar losses to their non-IT counterparts but in shorter time frames. Organizational managers and forensic accountants should be aware of these important differences and consider the use of monitoring controls, such as management reviews of access and user activity, to detect fraud committed by IT perpetrators. This study provides several suggestions for future research in this vein.
Data Availability: Data are available from the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE).
JEL Classifications: M480; L860; L250.
... Indeed, bad solutions were eliminated narrowing down towards solutions that best meet the needs of the project and leading to an informed decision. Design space exploration is not a unique way to make design decision and often the "intuition" of the designers plays a significant role in choosing the best designs because experiences are reliable for decision making (Badke-Schaub and Eris, 2014; Salas and al., 2010). By using design space exploration, it is possible to leverage intuition while also minimizing its potential drawbacks and biases. ...
Social innovations in the energy sector (SIE) are essential for accelerating the transition to clean, renewable, and democratic energy while encouraging citizens' involvement. However, SIE lacks clear boundaries, making it challenging to make design decisions. Clear and effective design decisions can help identify opportunities and constraints that may impact the success of social innovations. To support decision-making in SIE design, this paper proposes a multi-objective decision-support model based on the definition and exploration of the SIE design space. The model integrates various objective functions related to economic, environmental, and social perspectives, to ensure that selected solutions are tailored to the needs of citizens. By exploring the SIE design space, the model allows designers to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of different design options and select the most suitable solutions. To illustrate the proposed approach, this paper applies the model to a specific case of SIE: photovoltaic self-consumption. The findings of this paper provide a decision support model to assist SIE designers in making informed design decisions.
... Although, the duality of intuitive and non-intuitive processing appears to be generally recognized, independent of which version of the dual-process theories one adopts, in general intuition plays an important role in expert decision-making and influences organizational practices and effectiveness (Akinci & Sadler-Smith, 2012;Ali, 2021;Baldacchino, 2019;Baldacchino et al., 2015;Salas, Rosen, & Diazgranados, 2009). In this light, we argue that this duality can be summarized to reflect an individual's subjective or relative decision-making and the actions he or she takes to achieve objectives. ...
This study complements the stream of psychology studies on the effects of an individual's intuition on strategic decisions and how it shapes behavioral tendencies by extending how these effects evolve social entrepreneurship orientation in social entrepreneurship. Theoretically, we establish the nexus between relative intuition and social entrepreneurship orientation as well as the moderating roles of exploratory and exploitative learning and personal identity. Empirical validation of these nexuses was based on a cross-section of 276 certified social enterprises in China. The findings indicate that social entrepreneurs' relative intuition has a positive association with social entrepreneurship orientation. Exploratory and exploitative learning positively mediate the nexus between relative intuition and social entrepreneurship orientation. In addition, personal identity positively moderates the effects of exploratory and exploitative learning on social entrepreneurship orientation. Subsequently, we found that the link between relative intuition and social entrepreneurship orientation strengthens as the social entrepreneurs'' personal identity increases. In this light, we identify relative intuition as the foundation of exploratory and exploratory learning for the development of social entrepreneurship orientation. Similarly, we shed light on how personal identity positively facilitates the roles of these factors by arousing dedication to the processes/ stages of the pursuit of social entrepreneurship orientation goal attainment.
... In PMI, the expertise in decision-making, in the broadest sense of the term, includes the use of the following expertise components: standardized processes for the automation of repetitive activities, reduction of required cognitive resources, and pattern recognition; application of previous experience; and context awareness to supplement the decision knowledge [50]. For instance, a standardized process can be used for the steps involved in coordinating a decision-making as such or for the activities of evaluating available decision options. ...
Consolidation of organizations and assets through Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) is one of the strategies for organizational growth. However, despite the big popularity, the results of M&A initiatives are questionable. The main idea behind M&A is to create a new organization by combining several existing organizations. This new organization is created through a transformation process often called a post-merger. A significant part of the post-merger process is the integration of information systems. The success of post-merger information systems integration is the result of successful integration decisions. This study focuses on the problem of how a novice organization in post-merger initiatives can handle complexity in the decision-making process of post-merger information systems integration with its internal resources, without involvement of an external expertise, but with a support method to compensate the lack of expertise for informed decision-making. The extended decision-making process can be divided into three phases – identification of necessary decisions, decision-making, and decision implementation. This study focuses on the first two phases. For each of the phases, a specialized sub-method was developed, focused, respectively, on the identification of necessary decisions (AMILI) and decision-making as a choice between possible integration options (AMILP). Supporting tools were also developed for each of the sub-methods.
... Therefore, most models do not incorporate the multidimensional nature of the problem of investment decisions, as the investor intuition. Researchers have found that intuition plays a critical role in expert decision making [11]. Dane and Pratt [12] de-fines the core intuition as affectively charged judgments that arise through rapid, nonconscious, and holistic associations among different elements, including experiencebased complex patterns, that financial specialist seek and use to arrive at investment decisions. ...
This chapter presents an analysis of investment location choice based on decision-maker preferences in consideration of the specific financial and macroeconomic criteria of different Latin American countries. The analysis considers different subgroups of criteria and uses a hierarchical version of the ELECTRE-III method to apply different aggregated rankings using the dimensions of Financial Market, Economic Situation and Growth, Labor Market and Purchasing Power Indicators, Foreign Commercial Operations, and Fiscal Indicators. The results show that Peru and Chile are the best countries in which to invest, and Argentina is the least attractive based on different ranking schemes and investor preferences.KeywordsMultiple criteria hierarchy processELECTRE-IIIInvestment targeting
... This study agrees with the theories based on the fact that both rational and experiencebased approaches in decision-making have benefits in supplier selection, the purchasing managers can choose between them alternatively. This theory characterizes human cognition into rational and intuitive distinct systems (Salas et al., 2009). People tend to use intuition and emotion more often when they have to make a decision in the sentimental area. ...
Abstract
Purpose – This paper was formulated to address the impact of different individual decision modes on
purchasing managers’ satisfaction and find out whether different environments could influence the strength of
the relationship between the sourcing managers’ individual modes and their decisions.
Design/methodology/approach – A new model was built based on the variables selected from literature.
Two identical surveys were sent to manufacturing firms in China and Egypt. Around 450 questionnaires have
been sent to respondents, and about 300 responses have been collected in the two countries.
Findings – The key findings of this study showed that although the influence of decision modes is not
changeable across decision-makers in different markets’ environment, the strength of the relationship between
different individual decision modes and the buying decision significantly differed across different dynamic
task environments of buyers.
Originality/value – The research in this paper focused on the purchasing managers’ individual decision�making. On the other hand, purchasing managers’ market environment is rarely recognized as a main factor
affecting their decisions. Furthermore, this research tries to understand more about the supplier selection
decision-making in Eastern Asian and Middle Eastern countries.
Keywords Decision-making, Industrial purchasing, Market environment, Purchasing managers,
Rational processing, Supplier selection
Paper type Original article
