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Brainstem electrical potential responses (BER) from the vertex of a cat's head evoked by acoustic clicks and microwave pulses [45].
Source publication
The microwave auditory effect has been widely recognized as one of the most interesting and significant biological phenomena from microwave exposure. The hearing of pulsed microwaves is a unique exception to sound waves encountered in human auditory perception. The hearing of microwave pulses involves electromagnetic waves. This paper reviews the r...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... investigators have reported BER responses recorded from the vertex of laboratory animal's head using surface electrodes [41]- [46]. The BER potentials evoked by microwave and acoustic pulses from the vertex of a cat are shown in Fig. ...
Context 2
... a new set of responses was recorded from the vertex and from each of the depth electrodes and were compared to those obtained prior to lesion. Decreased amplitudes recorded from each of the electrode sites with successive lesion production in IC, LL, and SO nuclei were readily observed. For an example of the responses recorded at the vertex see Fig. 3, which is clearly a function of the integrity of auditory brainstem nuclei. Fig. 8 shows decreased amplitudes recorded from the electrode at the proximal IC site with successive lesion production in the IC, LL, and SO nuclei. The reduction in amplitude is most pronounced for IC following lesion production in it. Note also the severe ...
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The head and neck oncological patients are susceptible, either because of tumor location or the treatments performed, to changes of their ear structures. Due to close proximity of radiation field to the ear, radiotherapy induces short and long-term toxicities to the external, middle and internal ear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact...
Citations
... is auditory effect of microwaves can become a non-lethal or lethal weapon. [95] e target would first feel the pressure wave as a sound. is has been confirmed by numerous American diplomats, spies, soldiers, and officials in Havana. ...
Background
Scientific literature, with no conflicts of interest, shows that even below the limits defined by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, microwaves from telecommunication technologies cause numerous health effects: neurological, oxidative stress, carcinogenicity, deoxyribonucleic acid and immune system damage, electro-hypersensitivity. The majority of these biological effects of non-thermal microwave radiation have been known since the 1970s.
Methods
Detailed scientific, political, and military documents were analyzed. Most of the scientific literature comes from PubMed. The other articles (except for a few) come from impacted journals . The rare scientific documents that were not peer reviewed were produced by recognized scientists in their fields. The rest of the documentation comes from official sources: political (e.g., European Union and World Health Organization), military (e.g., US Air Force and NATO), patents, and national newspapers.
Results
(1) Since their emergence, the authorities have deployed and encouraged the use of wireless technologies (2G, 3G, 4G, WiFi, WiMAX, DECT, Bluetooth, cell phone towers/masts/base stations, small cells, etc.) in full awareness of their harmful effects on health. (2) Consequences of microwave radiation from communication networks are comparable to the effects of low-power directed-energy microwave weapons, whose objectives include behavioral modification through neurological (brain) targeting. Above 20 gigahertz, 5G behaves like an unconventional chemical weapon. (3) Biomedical engineering (via graphene-based nanomaterials) will enable brain-computer connections, linked wirelessly to the Internet of Everything through 5G and 6G networks (2030) and artificial intelligence, gradually leading to human-machine fusion (cyborg) before the 2050s.
Conclusion
Despite reports and statements from the authorities presenting the constant deployment of new wireless communication technologies, as well as medical research into nanomaterials, as society’s ideal future, in-depth research into these scientific fields shows, above all, an objective linked to the current cognitive war. It could be hypothesized that, in the future, this aim will correspond to the control of humanity by machines.
... Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) is a novel noninvasive imaging modality that receives ultrasonic signals generated by the absorption of microwaves in different biological tissues and reconstructs the image to reflect the dielectric properties of biological tissues (Huang et al., 2012;Zheng et al., 2018;Sun et al., 2021;Lin, 2022). It has the advantages of the high contrast of microwave imaging and the high resolution of ultrasound imaging. ...
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and validation of microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) for the early detection of canine intracerebral hemorrhage.
Methods: A TAI system was used to record the thermoacoustic signal (TAS) of canine intracerebral hemorrhage in the study. First, the difference in TAS between deionized water, fresh ex vivo porcine blood and brain tissue was explored. Second, the canine hemorrhagic stroke model was established, and canine brain ultrasound examination and TAI examination were performed before modeling and at 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 4.5 h, 5 h and 6 h after modeling. Finally, pathology and ultrasound were used as the reference diagnoses to verify the accuracy of the thermoacoustic imaging data.
Results: The results showed that significant differences were observed in TASs among deionized water, fresh ex vivo porcine blood and brain tissue. The intensity of the thermoacoustic signal of blood was significantly higher than that of ex vivo porcine brain tissue and deionized water. The intracerebral hemorrhage model of five beagles was successfully established. Hematomas presented hyperintensity in TAI. Considering ultrasound and pathology as reference diagnoses, TAI can be used to visualize canine intracerebral hemorrhage at 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 4.5 h, 5 h and 6 h after modeling.
Conclusion: This is the first experimental study to explore the use of TAI in the detection of intracerebral hemorrhage in large live animals (canine). The results indicated that TAI could detect canine intracerebral hemorrhage in the early stage and has the potential to be a rapid and noninvasive method for the detection of intracerebral hemorrhage in humans.
... 8 However, due to the stricter requirements as functional information analysis, fast imaging speed, portability and friendly patient-instrument interface, the clinical application of MTAI is still limited and the development is insu±cient. It is expected that, with the emergence of TA molecular imaging, new approaches based on multi-array ultrasound transducers, laser/MW vibrometers, high e±ciency of the existing MTAI algorithm (e.g., parallel algorithm based on the graphics processing unit or arti¯cial intelligence), the speed of progression towards clinical application in routine screening of diseases, 89 cardiovascular medicine, 128 auditory perception, 164 neurological disorder, 145 bone-related diseases, 165,166 and other unique clinical applications will be accelerated. (5) The last but not the least, MW exposure safety standard is quite important for clinical translation. ...
Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (MTAI) has emerged as a potential biomedical imaging modality with over 20-year growth. MTAI typically employs pulsed microwave as the pumping source, and detects the microwave-induced ultrasound wave via acoustic transducers. Therefore, it features high acoustic resolution, rich electromagnetic contrast, and large imaging depth. Benefiting from these unique advantages, MTAI has been extensively applied to various fields including pathology, biology, material and medicine. Till now, MTAI has been deployed for a wide range of biomedical applications, including cancer diagnosis, joint evaluation, brain investigation and endoscopy. This paper provides a comprehensive review on (1) essential physics (endogenous/exogenous contrast mechanisms, penetration depth and resolution), (2) hardware configurations and software implementations (excitation source, antenna, ultrasound detector and image recovery algorithm), (3) animal studies and clinical applications, and (4) future directions.
... Recognized biological effects due to EMPs include the microwave hearing effect [9], [10], microwave heating effect [11], [12], and electro- poration [13]. Microwave hearing is the phenomenon of perceiving an audible buzz or chirp sound as a result of energy absorption of microwave pulses by soft tissues inside the head [14], while the microwave heating effect is caused by the transformation of absorbed EM energy into heat. Note that the amount of absorbed energy may vary according to the location, tissue type, and geometrical factors of biological bodies, and hence it usually exhibits complex distribution depending on the exposed subject. ...
... By substituting (14) into (16), the update equation for the electric field is formulated as ...
... The errors match those derived by the method in [31] up to around 100 MHz whereas we can see an increase in the errors at higher frequencies over 200 MHz. The increase may be due to the difference in the update equation of the auxiliary current density in (14), which has second-order accuracy for both time and space, whereas that of [31] has only first-order accuracy in the space of the electric field and, therefore, the difference is larger at higher frequencies. ...
In this study, we develop a numerical method for determining transient energy deposition in biological bodies exposed to electromagnetic (EM) pulses. We use a newly developed frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain (FD²TD) method, which is combined with the fast inverse Laplace transform (FILT) and Prony method. The FILT and Prony method are utilized to transform the Cole-Cole model of biological media into a sum of multiple Debye relaxation terms. Parameters of Debye terms are then extracted by comparison with the time-domain impulse responses. The extracted parameters are used in an FDTD formulation, which is derived using the auxiliary differential equation method, and transient energy deposition into a biological medium is calculated by the equivalent circuit method. The validity of our proposed method is demonstrated by comparing numerical results and those derived from an analytical method. Finally, transient energy deposition into human heads of TARO and HANAKO models is then calculated using the proposed method and, physical insights into pulse exposures of the human heads are provided.
... Meanwhile, biological effects due to EM pulses have been numerically and experimentally investigated. The effects include the microwave hearing effect, microwave heating effect, and electroporation (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Consequently, international organizations have prescribed exposure limits for the temporal peak of specific energy absorption (SA) in published guidelines to prevent adverse effects, particularly of microwave hearing, which is considered an acute biological effect (10,11). ...
In this paper, human exposures to ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic (EM) pulses in the microwave region are assessed using a frequency-dependent FDTD scheme previously proposed by the authors. Complex permittivity functions of all biological tissues used in the numerical analyses are accurately expressed by the four-term Cole–Cole model. In our method, we apply the fast inverse Laplace transform to determine the time-domain impulse response, utilize the Prony method to find the Z-domain representation, and extract residues and poles for use in the FDTD formulation. Update equations for the electric field are then derived via the Z-transformation. Firstly, we perform reflection and transmission analyses of a multilayer composed of six different biological tissues and then confirm the validity of the proposed method by comparison with analytical results. Finally, numerical dosimetry of various human bodies exposed to EM pulses from the front in the microwave frequency range is performed, and the specific energy absorption is evaluated and compared with that prescribed in international guidelines.
Microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography (MITAT) is a noninvasive hybrid modality that has been widely applied in a bunch of biomedical applications. MITAT integrated with cutting-edge deep learning (DL-MITAT) technique is highly promising for tackling many challenging problems that cannot be efficiently solved by traditional methods. However, the previous MITAT or DL-MITAT works rarely consider the realistic properties of the utilized ultrasound transducer, which can significantly degrade the image quality in some application scenarios. To address this issue, we propose a DL-MITAT technique applying realistic properties of ultrasound transducers (referred to as DL-MITAT-PoT), which is very effective for imaging large or long samples. To be specific, the previous related works simply assume an omnidirectional receiving pattern of the transducer. Instead, we take into account the limited receiving angle of a realistic transducer in the DL-MITAT-PoT technique to improve the imaging performance. To implement this technique, we incorporate the receiving properties of a realistic transducer into the training process of the ResU-Net network. We test the trained network by imaging several 2-mm-diameter long blood-vessel-mimicking samples via both simulations and experiments. The obtained imaging results demonstrate that the proposed DL-MITAT-PoT yields much better imaging quality than its counterpart without considering the property of the transducer. We show that the network trained using complicated vessel sample data is endowed with downward compatibility for samples having less complexity. This technique greatly improves the image quality for dealing with large or long samples and has a promising prospect in many biomedical applications.
Could the RadioBio initiative be suggesting a paradigm shift in the U.S. military’s standard of operation procedures?
The application of radar technology in indoor people monitoring has opened up new avenues, such as localization and tracking, vital signs monitoring, and fall detection. Nevertheless, one of the significant challenges facing radar systems is the issue of indoor multipath propagation, which results in radar ghosts that can diminish the detection accuracy or even compromise the monitoring process entirely. This study delves into the utilization of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in radar-based indoor people localization. Thanks to the use of RIS, targets can be tracked from multiple orientations, achieving a more precise estimation of the propagation channel and in turn mitigating the effects of indoor multipath propagation. As a result, the detection performance of the radar system can be improved without increasing the radar's complexity. Empirical evidence gathered from experiments conducted in a laboratory environment has demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed approach in accurately locating multiple subjects in a two-dimensional (2-D) space while being able to reject radar ghosts. Practical implications of this novel approach include the development of smart building systems, Internet of Things (IoT), telemedicine, Hospital 4.0, automated nurse call solutions, ambient assisted living, firefighter tracking, and security applications.
The rapid proliferation of cellular mobile telecommunication devices and systems is raising public health concerns about the biological effects and safety of RF radiation exposure. There is also concern about the efficacy of promulgated health safety limits, rules, and recommendations for the RF radiation used by these devices and systems. This article reviews and discusses the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) notices and rules, International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines, and International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety (ICES) standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (EMFs). The recently revised RF exposure limits are adjusted only for heating with RF radiation. These limits are largely intended to restrict short-term heating by RF radiation that raises tissue temperatures. They are narrow in scope and are not applicable to long-term exposure at low levels. This review discusses the assumptions underlying the standards and the outdated exposure metrics employed, and concludes that the revised guidelines do not adequately protect children, workers, or the public from exposure to RF radiation or people with sensitivity to electromagnetic radiation from wireless devices and systems. Furthermore, the review discusses important animal data that the standards do not appear to take into account. Moreover, for millimeter-wave radiation from 5G mobile communications, there are no adequate human health effects studies in the published literature. The conclusions by scientific organizations, such as the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), that diverge from these standards are also discussed. The review concludes that many of the recommended limits are debatable and require more scientific justification from the standpoint of safety and public health protection.
