Bottom-up vs. top-down models in MPAs applied in Galapagos.

Bottom-up vs. top-down models in MPAs applied in Galapagos.

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The Galápagos Islands are one of the most emblematic protected areas on the planet, and also one of the most studied. Their main economic activity is tourism, which has grown rapidly in recent years. The increase in tourists is associated with the increase in population and the introduction of invasive species, which puts conservation at risk. This...

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... areas are especially important in remote islands, both for local people and conservation organizations due, among other factors, to the concentration of human activities in coastal areas and the high dependence on marine ecosystem services [37][38][39]. In this regard, recent publications suggest that marine spatial planning (MSP), including MPAs, should evolve towards a bottom-up model, in which local population are involved in planning processes [40], or towards an intermediate model that combines elements of both top-down and bottom-up [41][42][43], as exemplified in Figure 1 for Galapagos. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) is the most comprehensive global database on terrestrial and marine protected areas. ...

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Full-text available
The Galapagos Islands are one of the most emblematic protected areas on the planet and also one of the most studied. Their main economic activity is tourism, which has grown rapidly in recent years. The increase in tourists is associated with the increase in population and the introduction of invasive species, which puts conservation at risk. This...