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Body weight and tumor growth of EL-4 induced mouse lymphoma model. (A) After in vivo passage of EL-4 cells, tmEL-4 cells were harvested and injected subcutaneously into the right flank. Day 0 for treatment was defined as the day when the tumor reached a volume of approximately 100 mm 3 . Each group of mice was treated intraperitoneally with the following regimen: vehicle control (PBS 120 µL + DMSO 20 µL), CHOP (CHOP 40 mg/kg), or FBZ (FBZ 25 mg/kg). Body weight (B) and tumor volume (C) were checked daily. (D) On day 10, the mice were sacrificed, and the weights of tumors were determined. (E) Three representative photos of tumors in each group are shown. Scale bar: 1 cm. Statistical significance was performed via one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test. *, **, and *** indicate p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 compared to day 0 (B) or CHOP-treated group (D). #, ##, and ### indicate p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 between vehicle control and CHOP 40 mg/kg. NS: not significant.
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Fenbendazole (FBZ) has been safely used as an antiparasitic agent in animals for decades, and the anticancer effects of FBZ have been studied through various mechanisms. However, there is a lack of in vivo studies that include lymphoma. Therefore, this study examined the effects of FBZ on EL-4 cells and a mouse T lymphoma model. FBZ induced G2/M ph...
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... We have also confirmed the excellent activity of both the Ulmus genus extract and catechin 7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside in terms of cell viability, antioxidant activity, expression of the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2, reduction of apoptosis-inducing factors caspase-3 and PARP, decrease in muscle decomposition factors Atrogin1 and MuRF1, and expression of muscle synthesis factors Myogenin and MyoD [37]. However, while these results are promising in the controlled in vitro stage, it is important to note that the more complex in vivo stage may yield different outcomes due to various biological interactions [38]. That is why in vivo experiments are deemed necessary for pre-clinical studies on drug development, research, and the creation of health functional foods. ...
... No. DJTT-06789) was prepared with 50% edible ethanol concentration for 8 h at 80 • C. Dextrin, an excipient, was added at a concentration of 10%. The extraction process was conducted by DanjoungBio Co., LTD (Wonju, Republic of Korea) [38]. ...
Aging leads to tissue and cellular changes, often driven by oxidative stress and inflammation, which contribute to age-related diseases. Our research focuses on harnessing the potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Korean Ulmus macrocarpa Hance, a traditional herbal remedy, to address muscle loss and atrophy. We evaluated the effects of Ulmus extract on various parameters in a muscle atrophy model, including weight, exercise performance, grip strength, body composition, muscle mass, and fiber characteristics. Additionally, we conducted Western blot and RT-PCR analyses to examine muscle protein regulation, apoptosis factors, inflammation, and antioxidants. In a dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy model, Ulmus extract administration promoted genes related to muscle formation while reducing those associated with muscle atrophy. It also mitigated inflammation and boosted muscle antioxidants, indicating a potential improvement in muscle atrophy. These findings highlight the promise of Ulmus extract for developing pharmaceuticals and supplements to combat muscle loss and atrophy, paving the way for clinical applications.
