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Blood glucose levels and insulin dose in diabetic patients admitted in ICU before and after the oral administration of C. maxima powder
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Purpose: Cucurbita maxima Duchense (C. maxima) has been widely used in China and Mexico as a hypoglycemic plant for controlling blood glucose in diabetic patients. Furthermore, in northwest of Iran, this plant is used traditionally for controlling of diabetes. We examined the effect of C. maxima pulp besides insulin on control of hyperglycemia in d...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... effect of C. maxima on blood glucose levels and infused insulin dose is shown in Table 2. The average glucose level in 3 days before C. maxima administration was 214.9 ± 55.7 mg/dl and in 3 days after that blood glucose level decreased to 178.4 ± 36.1 mg/dl. ...
Context 2
... Comparisons among average glucose level in 3 days before C. maxima administration and blood glucose level in each 3 days after C. maxima administration showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05). The average dose of infused insulin during 6 days has been summarized in Table 2. In first 3 days, the average insulin dose was 48.05 ± 36.5 IU and during the last 3 days, it decreased to 39.5 ± 27.8 IU (P=0.06). ...
Citations
... Type 1 is mainly caused due to degeneration of β-cells of the pancreas producing insulin which causes deficiency of insulin secretion. People with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus have insulin resistance in liver and peripheral tissues (Mahmoodpoor et al., 2018;Inzucchi et al., 2012). There is also a type known as gestational diabetes in which there is an increase in blood glucose levels in early pregnancy. ...
Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's significant wellness issues, affecting the urban population more than the rural areas. The prevalence of this disease is increasing speedily day by day. Effective regulation of blood glucose levels is the most critical factor in decreasing the dangers of diabetic complexities. Chemically synthesized anti-diabetic drugs available in the market have many side effects; therefore, plant-derived substances may provide a better alternative medicine to combat diabetes. These natural molecules are presumed to be effective, economical as well as with no side effects. Among different accessible plants, garlic (Allium sativum), a typical cooking flavor, and a long history as a people cure have anti-diabetic potential. According to several reports, garlic's antiglycation, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties have been related to its function in preventing diabetes. Notwithstanding, there is no standard concession to utilizing garlic for anti-diabetic purposes, principally due to less logical proof from human examinations and discrepant information from animal studies.
A promising approach to cure this disease by garlic plant molecules focuses throughout this chapter. In this book chapter, the authors collected the scientific evidence available throughout the various experimental platforms and literature related to the garlic plant's functional role in improving the blood sugar level of diabetic patients. This book chapter focuses on the pharmacology, secondary metabolite profiling, ingredients of garlic plant with insulin-mimetic activity, and its health benefits. Garlic supplements are useful in treating diabetic patients, and this chapter content may disclose a path for the researchers to combat this disease in the future.
Keywords: Anti-diabetic; diabetes mellitus; insulin; Allium sativum; insulin secretagogue; metabolic syndrome
... Type 1 is mainly caused due to degeneration of β-cells of the pancreas producing insulin which causes deficiency of insulin secretion. People with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus have insulin resistance in liver and peripheral tissues (Mahmoodpoor et al., 2018;Inzucchi et al., 2012). There is also a type known as gestational diabetes in which there is an increase in blood glucose levels in early pregnancy. ...
... Nearly 15% of the vegetable species had clinically proven antidiabetic properties. Most investigations were conducted on Abelmoschus esculentus, Anethum graveolens, and Musa × paradisiaca (Haryati et al., 2019;Moradi et al., 2020;Islas et al., 2005;Haidari et al., 2020;Mobasseri et al., 2014;Rao et al., 2021;Nedic et al., 2012;Chaiyasit et al., 2009;Mahmoodpoor et al., 2018;Katare et al., 2013;Evans et al., 2014;Lintas et al., 1995;Edo et al., 2011). ...
Diabetes affected about 537 million adults aged 20 to 79 in 2021. Higher vegetable intake helps to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, this research aimed to recognize and record the vegetable species currently sold in Sri Lanka's Vavuniya District. At least three fieldwork visits were made between January 2019 and January 2022 to each of the Vavuniya District's major market sites, as well as the neighboring vegetable shops and street stalls. Until June 2022, published relevant research papers were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases for the recorded vegetable species in this study to assess the antidiabetic scientific proof. This study recognized and recorded 72 vegetable species from 25 families. Consequently, a study of the literature on 65 vegetable species found that most of the vegetable species had in vivo (37%), followed by clinical (15%) and in vitro (14%) scientific evidence, and six antidiabetic active substances were isolated from the analyzed vegetable species. This work establishes the foundation for additional studies on the fruit species traded in Vavuniya District.
... Our study results were supported by XueMin and Jue [48] as they carried out experiment on alloxan-induced diabetic rats by giving three types of pumpkin ingredients named as polysaccharide A, polysaccharide B, and nonpolysaccharide and compared their blood glucose level-lowering effect with Chinese standard drug Xiaoke. Another study on hypoglycemic effect of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) pulp powder, conducted by Mahmoodpoor et al. [49], helped to justify our results on blood glucose-lowering effect of pumpkin. They examined the effect of pumpkin pulp powder application besides insulin on control of blood glucose level in diabetic patients admitted to intensive care unit. ...
Pumpkin is a well-known vegetable, among the members of Cucurbitaceae family, due to its importance as pharma food. Keeping in view the antidiabetic and plasma lipids lowering potential of pumpkin, the present study was conducted to investigate that, which part of pumpkin (peel, flesh, and seeds), possess more bioactive compounds, exhibiting antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potential. Albino rats with 190-210 g body weight were divided into 11 groups. Five rats were included in each group; group A was negative control, group B was positive control, and groups C to K were diabetic rats fed with pumpkin peel, flesh, and seed powders. Diabetes was induced in rats with the help of alloxan monohydrate. During 28 days of experimental period, blood glucose level of different rat’s groups was checked with the help of glucometer, at every 7 days interval and at the end of 28 days study, plasma lipids were checked with the help of commercial kits. A significant decrease in blood glucose level ( 128.33 ± 1.67 mg / dl ), TC ( 88.43 ± 0.66 mg / dl ), TG ( 69.79 ± 0.49 mg / dl ), and LDL-C ( 21.45 ± 0.08 mg / dl ) was recorded in rat groups fed with 15 g pumpkin seed powder, at the end of study. After pumpkin seeds, second significant antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect was recorded in rat’s groups fed with 15 g pumpkin peel powder. Pumpkin flesh powder effect in lowering blood glucose level and plasma lipids was less significant as compared to seeds and peel powder. As the dose of the pumpkin powders was increased from 5 to 10 and then 15 g, the blood glucose-lowering and plasma lipid-lowering effect became more significant. Similarly, as the experimental duration was expanded from first week to 28 days, this antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect became more significant. These results were sufficient to conclude that pumpkin has high potential to be used in human diet to cope with noncommunicable diseases like diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.
... Oral consumption of the fruit in traditional medicine for the treatment of urinary disorders [54], blood pressure control, and constipation has been recorded [58]. In Mexico, China, and Iran the juice of the fruit of C. maxima is employed for control of the blood glucose level [30,59]. ...
... A group of 20 patients, in which 12 were patients with T1DM, and eight patients with T2DM, were orally administrated with 5g of the lyophilized fruit juice every 12 h for 3 days. The lyophilized fruit juice of C. maxima showed a significant reduction in the blood glucose level and was rapid and effective, without presenting adverse effects [59]. ...
In Mexico, Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health problem, and although the current pharmacological treatments for DM such as insulin and oral hypoglycemics are available, the Mexican population continues to use medicinal plants in the treatment of DM. The antidiabetic properties of the plant species that belong to the Cucurbitaceae family has already been recognized worldwide. Since Mexico is one of the most important centers of diversity of Cucurbitaceae, the present work contributes to the review of the most used species of Cucurbitaceae in the treatment of DM in Mexico. The reviewed species (Cucurbita ficifolia, C. maxima, C. moschata, C. pepo, Ibervillea sonorae, Sechium edule, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, and C. sativus) revealed that the antidiabetic effects exerted are effective in a number of mechanisms involved in the complex pathogenesis of DM: hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, protective effects on diverse organs and cells, as well as in the control of dyslipidemias; furthermore, the select species of the Cucurbitaceae family could also be essential components of diets for the control of DM in patients with the disease. Thus, the Cucurbitaceae species selected in the present work represent a source of antidiabetic agents that perhaps establish the bases for novel clinical treatments.
... In addition to being recognized as a bioactive product and a functional food, due to scientific research (Ferreira et al., 2016;Mahmoodpoor et al., 2018;Vale et al., 2019 it is also important to highlight they nutritional composition of pumpkins. Their pulp is rich in complex B vitamins, vitamin C, dietary fiber, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and carotenoids (beta-carotenes that have excellent performance as provitamin A). ...
Abstract Squash is a food that meets the requirements of a healthy diet and is highly appreciated by consumers for its mild flavour and high nutritional value. In southern Brazil, many farmers grow several pumpkin landraces that are widely used in food. The consumption of its fruits and derivatives benefits human health due to the bioactive compounds, minerals, and antioxidants in the fruit pulp, making pumpkin a functional food. The objective of this study was to characterize the bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and minerals in the pulp of fruits of pumpkin landraces (Cucurbita maxima) from southern Brazil. Phenolic compounds, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and minerals were evaluated in 10 accessions of pumpkin landraces from the Cucurbitaceae Genebank of Embrapa Temperate Agriculture (Pelotas, RS, Brazil). In mature fruits, the seeds and peels were discarded, and opposite longitudinal slices of pulp were manually prepared for analysis. All analyses were performed in triplicate. The data obtained showed genetic variability in total phenolic compounds, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and minerals. Accessions C49, C307, and C216 had high levels of total phenolic compounds and carotenoids and high antioxidant activity. Of these accessions, accession C49 had the highest antioxidant capacity (504.1 μg·g-1). C216 and C178 were high in copper and iron, and the latter was highest in potassium, calcium, and phosphorus. Thus, accessions C216 and C178 have great potential for exploitation by genetic improvement programs for the development of biofortified cultivars in efforts to promote consumer health.
... Pumpkins are considered as healthy and functional food, and the consumption of pumpkins and pumpkin-based foods has been shown to confer several effects on human health, including hepatoprotective effects, antihyperglycaemic (antidiabetic) activity, anti-ulcer activity, anti-inflammatory activity, effects on prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urinary function, anti-microbial activity, and anticancer/antitumour effects [4][5][6][7][8][9]. The main factors that contribute to the nutritional and medicinal value of pumpkin fruits are their high total content of carotenoids and the presence of pectin and non-pectin polysaccharides, vitamins (A, C, E), dietary fibres, minerals (K, P, Mg, Fe, and Se), phenolic compounds (flavonoids, phenolic acids), and other compounds that possess health benefits [10][11][12][13][14][15]. ...
Pumpkin is considered a healthy and functional food. The consumption of pumpkins and pumpkin-based foods has been shown to confer several beneficial effects on human health due to their antioxidant capacity and terpenoid content. Consequently, this study aimed to characterize the in vitro antioxidant capacity (using FRAP and ABTS assays), terpenoid profile (using an untargeted lipidomics approach via high-resolution UHPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry), and carotenoid content (by HPLC-DAD) in pumpkin fruit pulp from accessions differing for species (11 Cucurbita maxima and 9 Cucurbita moschata), cultivar, and origin, belonging to a Serbian breeding collection. These accessions are candidates for inclusion within programs intended to improve pumpkin fruit quality. The results obtained in this work allowed us to highlight the best marker compounds, discriminating both the region of accession collection or breeding (“origin”) and the plant species. Furthermore, our findings have helped to identify the most suitable antioxidant-rich varieties to select for national breeding programs for improving human health. These findings provide valuable information to the overall current understanding of the potential health benefits of pumpkins and the discriminant triterpenoids underlying the C. maxima and C. moschata accessions investigated here, which include those of Serbian and non-Serbian origin.
... Xia and Wang (2006) evidenced how C. pepo extract reduces blood glucose levels and increase insulin levels in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and hypothesized that the glycaemic control was due a potentiation of plasma insulin effect as consequence of an increase of insulin secretion or its release from the bound form. More recently, Mahmoodpoor et al. (2018) showed that administration of 5 g lyophilized pulp powder decreased both blood glucose level and insulin dose. Sedigheh et al. (2011) found a significant decrease in glucose, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) after 4-weeks daily administration in male diabetic rats treated with 1 g/kg of pumpkin powder. ...
Edible flowers consumption has increased in recent years due to their rich content of healthy phytochemicals. The aim of this study was to analyse the chemical profile of Cucurbita pepo L. flowers, and to explore their antioxidant and hypoglycaemic properties. Moreover, in order to assess in vivo effects, biochemical analysis, Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (d-ROMs) and Biological Antioxidant Potential (BAP) tests were performed on mice serum. High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) analyses revealed the presence of (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, rutin, and syringic acid as main constituents. 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) tests showed interesting results. The extract exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase (IC50 of 144.77 μg/mL). In vivo results confirmed the hypoglycaemic effects, also affecting lipid metabolism but did not revealed benefits on ROS production. These results may add some information supporting the use of C. pepo flowers as functional foods and/or nutraceuticals.
... Potassium also helps to prevent osteoporosis and kidney stones [6][7] It was shown that the administration of a high-fat meal in combination with squash polysaccharides for 6 weeks significantly reduced body weight gain, the levels of plasma insulin, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and blood glucose in mice and improved the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and liver glycogen compared to control [8]. In addition, the investigation of Mahmoodpoor et al. showed that glucose level of diabetic critically ill patients decreased significantly after consumption of C. maxima pulp juice for three days [9]. ...
Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and functional properties of powder from 2 Cameroonians squash pulp species (Cucurbita moschata Yellow and Orange pulp, and Cucurbita pepo orange pulp) and squash pulp-base biscuit to promote the integration of squash in the diet to help fight against micronutrient deficiencies and non-communicable diseases Methodology: The squash were cleaned and the pulp was blanched in boiling water for 3 minutes and dried at 60 °C for 24 h. The dried pulp was then finely crushed and sieved to obtain the powder. The proximal composition, the levels of macronutrients, vitamin C, carotenoids and minerals were determined as well as the functional properties. The powder sample with the highest carotenoid content was substituted by wheat flour in the proportions 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% for the biscuit formulation. Sensory properties (color, taste and overall acceptability) and total carotenoids content of the biscuit were then evaluated. Results: The nutrient contents per 100g of powder were 1.65g, 6.38-23.36 mg, 15.70-20.54 mg, 102.56-119.65 mg respectively for crude fibers, total carotenoids, vitamin C and potassium. Water absorption capacity (WAC), Water holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC) varied from 7.50-8.25, 3.35-6.05 and 1.02-2.04 respectively. Values of swelling capacity (SC) and water solubility index (WSI) varied from 119-140 and 15-17.63, 314-348 and 22.33-24.9, 388-459 and 35.08-38.75 at room temperature, 65°C and 95°C respectively. Sensory analysis of the biscuits showed that the biscuit made with 10% of squash powder was the most appreciated and contained 2.29 mg/100g of total carotenoids. Conclusion: Regular consumption of these Cameroonians squash pulp powder or foods formulated with them could help to combat nutritional disease.
... On a cohort study, dietary antioxidant has also been demonstrated to exhibit protective effects on glucose tolerance of diabetics (Okubo et al., 2014). In particular, pumpkin antioxidants have been confirmed to improve glucose profile in both animal models (Sedigheh et al., 2011;Sharmin et al., 2012;Dyshlyuk et al., 2017) and human clinical trials (Bayat et al., 2016;Mahmoodpoor et al., 2018). The antioxidants contained in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch) include phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin with an average value of 23.7 mg, 4.4 mg, 0.14 mg per 100 g produce respectively (Oloyede et al., 2012). ...
Pumpkin antioxidants have been found to benefit diabetics. This current study was attempted to optimize slow freezing treatment for a pumpkin to obtain maximum antioxidant gain using response surface methodology (RSM) and Bayesian regularized neural network (BRANN) approaches. A central composite design was used to generate the freezing experiment and to examine response change as a function of temperature and freezing time. Feedforward neural networks with a 2-15-1 structure were developed and trained using the Bayesian regularization algorithm. The results showed that the freezing data were well fitted to quadratic models generating R2 for total phenolic compounds (TPC), flavonoid of 0.850 and 0.857 respectively. The RSM optimized freezing of -20oC for 9 hrs were well confirmed to produce an increase in TPC and flavonoid by 54.44% and 60.4% respectively. The BRANN performances were found to be similar to that of RSM. While overfitting was mitigated during the supervised training, the BRANN model served excellent predictive and confirmatory tool for the optimization. In conclusion, slow freezing at -20oC for 9 hrs significantly increases TPC and flavonoid of pumpkin. This novel process may be adopted to provide healthier pumpkins food products for targeted consumers.
